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Modelling the performance of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system: a systematic approach to automated calibration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9416. [PMID: 35676437 PMCID: PMC9177546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
IFAS systems are inherently complex due to the hybrid use of both suspended and attached bacterial colonies for the purpose of pollutant degradation as part of wastewater treatment. This poses challenges when attempting to represent these systems mathematically due to the vast number of parameters involved. Besides becoming convoluted, large effort will be incurred during model calibration. This paper demonstrates a systematic approach to calibration of an IFAS process model that incorporates two sensitivity analyses to identify influential parameters and detect collinearity from a subset of 68 kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, and the use of the Nelder–Mead optimization algorithm to estimate the required values of these parameters. The model considers the removal of three critical pollutants including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total suspended solids (TSS). Results from the sensitivity analyses identified four parameters that were the primary influence on the model. The model was found to be most sensitive to the two stoichiometric parameters including aerobic heterotrophic yield on soluble substrate whose total effects were responsible for 92.4% of the model’s BOD output sensitivity and 92.8% of the model’s TSS output sensitivity. The anoxic heterotrophic yield on soluble substrate was observed to be responsible for 54.3% of the model’s TN output sensitivity. To a lesser extent the two kinetic parameters, aerobic heterotrophic decay rate and reduction factor for denitrification on nitrite, were responsible for only 8.0% and 13.1% of the model’s BOD and TN output sensitivities respectively. Parameter estimation identified the need for only minor adjustments to default values in order to achieve sufficient accuracy of simulation with deviation from observed data to be only ± 3.6 mg/L, ± 1.3 mg/L, and ± 9.5 mg/L for BOD, TN and TSS respectively. Validation showed the model was limited in its capacity to predict system behaviour under extreme dissolved oxygen stress.
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Latif EF. Applying novel methods in conventional activated sludge plants to treat low-strength wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:323. [PMID: 35359231 PMCID: PMC8971158 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional activated sludge system is confidently widely used for biological treatment plants of municipal wastewater but suffering from operation problems that affect their efficiencies and effluent qualities, especially when treating low-strength wastewater with increasing incoming flow. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the novel methods used in upgrading conventional activated sludge treatment systems receiving low-strength wastewater to generate good effluent quality. GPS-X Simulator V 8.0 was used for model calibration and plant performance prediction. The calibrated GPS-X model proved that eliminating primary settling from the treatment process does not affect BOD5 and COD removal, while TSS removal is decreased, and NH4-N removal is increased. Increasing the return activated sludge flow from 50 to 150% of influent flow does not affect conventional activated sludge process, while the change of waste activated flow had a vital effect on process performance. The presence of an anoxic zone in conventional activated sludge processes treating low-strength wastewater has no significant impact on plant performance. Also, the model outputs proved that adding filling media to the aeration tank was able to handle an increase of influent flow and a stable performance of BOD5, and NH4-N removal was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Latif
- Deptartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Saidulu D, Srivastava A, Gupta AK. Enhancement of wastewater treatment performance using 3D printed structures: A major focus on material composition, performance, challenges, and sustainable assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 306:114461. [PMID: 35032942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the performance and sustainability of wastewater treatment technologies, researchers are showing keen interest in the development of novel materials which can overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional materials. In this context, 3D printing gained significant attention due to its capability of fabricating complex geometrics using different material compositions. The present review focuses on recent advancements of 3D printing applications in various physicochemical and biological wastewater treatment techniques. In physicochemical treatment methods, substantial research has been aimed at fabricating feed spacers and other membrane parts, photocatalytic feed spacers, catalysts, scaffolds, monoliths, and capsules. Several advantages, such as membrane fouling mitigation, enhanced degradation efficiency, and recovery and reusability potential, have been associated with the aforementioned 3D printed materials. While in biofilm-based biological treatment methods, the use of 3D printed bio-carriers has led to enhanced mass transfer efficiency and microbial activities. Moreover, the application of these bio-carriers has shown better removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (∼90%), total nitrogen (∼73%), ammonia nitrogen (95%), and total phosphorous (∼100%). Although the removal efficiencies were comparable with conventional carriers, 3D printed carriers led to ∼40% reduction in hydraulic retention time, which could significantly save capital and operational expenditures. This review also emphasizes the challenges and sustainability aspects of 3D printing technology and outlines future recommendations which could be vital for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duduku Saidulu
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Waqas S, Bilad MR, Man Z, Wibisono Y, Jaafar J, Indra Mahlia TM, Khan AL, Aslam M. Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110718. [PMID: 32510449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered as one of the leading-edge processes that provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. IFAS was introduced as an advancement of the moving bed biofilm reactor by integrating the attached and the suspended growth systems. IFAS offers advantages over the conventional activated sludge process such as reduced footprint, enhanced nutrient removal, complete nitrification, longer solids retention time and better removal of anthropogenic composites. IFAS has been recognized as an attractive option as stated from the results of many pilot and full scales studies. Generally, IFAS achieves >90% removals for combined chemical oxygen demand and ammonia, improves sludge settling properties and enhances operational stability. Recently developed IFAS reactors incorporate frameworks for either methane production, energy generation through algae, or microbial fuel cells. This review details the recent development in IFAS with the focus on the pilot and full-scale applications. The microbial community analyses of IFAS biofilm and floc are underlined along with the special emphasis on organics and nitrogen removals, as well as the future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Zakaria Man
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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Seco A, Ruano MV, Ruiz-Martinez A, Robles A, Barat R, Serralta J, Ferrer J. Plant-wide modelling in wastewater treatment: showcasing experiences using the Biological Nutrient Removal Model. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:1700-1714. [PMID: 32644962 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-wide modelling can be considered an appropriate approach to represent the current complexity in water resource recovery facilities, reproducing all known phenomena in the different process units. Nonetheless, novel processes and new treatment schemes are still being developed and need to be fully incorporated in these models. This work presents a short chronological overview of some of the most relevant plant-wide models for wastewater treatment, as well as the authors' experience in plant-wide modelling using the general model BNRM (Biological Nutrient Removal Model), illustrating the key role of general models (also known as supermodels) in the field of wastewater treatment, both for engineering and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seco
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain E-mail:
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain E-mail:
| | - A Ruiz-Martinez
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain E-mail:
| | - A Robles
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain E-mail:
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Serralta
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Qiao M, Fu L, Cao W, Bai Y, Huang Q, Zhao X. Occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in an ecological wastewater treatment plant in South China and effluent impact to the receiving river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5638-5644. [PMID: 30612361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecological wastewater treatment plant (EWWTP), a kind of emerging wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in recent years, combined microbiology with botany which is efficient for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter, as well as deodorization. The occurrence and removal of micro-organic pollutants in EWWTPs were still not well known. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their typical derivatives (SPAHs) including the oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and methyl PAHs (MPAHs) were investigated in an EWWTP in Guangdong Province, China. The concentrations of the Σ6 OPAHs (114-384 ng/L) were higher than the Σ16 PAHs (92-250 ng/L), and much higher than the Σ4 MPAHs (13-64 ng/L) and Σ9 ClPAHs (2-3 ng/L) in the EWWTP and the effluent receiving river. The total removal efficiencies of the PAHs, OPAHs, MPAHs, and ClPAHs in the EWWTP (43 ± 14%, 41 ± 7%, 55 ± 16%, and 18 ± 4%) were lower than the traditional WWTPs, probably due to the lower concentration of the sludge in the ecological treatment. The advanced treatment process (microfiltration and UV disinfection treatment) contributed much less (0-20%) to the whole removal efficiency than the ecological treatment (80-100%). The effluent from the EWWTP slightly reduced the PAHs and SPAHs concentrations in the receiving river. The high concentrations of the PAHs and SPAHs in the receiving river were similar to the influent of the EWWTP, indicating that some untreated wastewater was directly discharged to the river, especially in the upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lujing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qiuxin Huang
- CEPREI Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Center, The Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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