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Sun M, Zhang Y, Gao W, He Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Kuang H. Polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis: A Review of Their Extraction, Modification, Structures, and Bioactivities. Molecules 2024; 29:3105. [PMID: 38999057 PMCID: PMC11243187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyra haitanensis (P. haitanensis), an important food source for coastal residents in China, has a long history of medicinal and edible value. P. haitanensis polysaccharides are some of the main active ingredients in P. haitanensis. It is worth noting that P. haitanensis polysaccharides have a surprising and satisfactory biological activity, which explains the various benefits of P. haitanensis to human health, such as anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-allergy, and anticancer properties. Hence, a systematic review aimed at comprehensively summarizing the recent research advances in P. haitanensis polysaccharides is necessary for promoting their better understanding. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, modification, and biological activity of P. haitanensis polysaccharides and address the shortcomings of the published research and suggest area of focus for future research, providing a new reference for the exploitation of polysaccharides from P. haitanensis in the fields of medicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.)
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2
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Sousa S, Carvalho AP, Gomes AM. Factors impacting the microbial production of eicosapentaenoic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:368. [PMID: 38860989 PMCID: PMC11166839 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing applications for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the potential shortfall in supply due to sustainability and contamination issues related with its conventional sources (i.e., fish oils; seafood) led to an extensive search for alternative and sustainable sources, as well as production processes. The present mini-review covers all the steps involved in the production of EPA from microorganisms, with a deeper focus on microalgae. From production systems to downstream processing, the most important achievements within each area are briefly highlighted. Comparative tables of methodologies are also provided, as well as additional references of recent reviews, so that readers may deepen their knowledge in the different issues addressed. KEY POINTS: • Microorganisms are more sustainable alternative sources of EPA than fish. • Due to the costly separation from DHA, species that produce only EPA are preferable. • EPA production can be optimised using non-genetic and genetic tailoring engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Sousa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Gomes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Bhatnagar P, Gururani P, Parveen A, Gautam P, Chandra Joshi N, Tomar MS, Nanda M, Vlaskin MS, Kumar V. Algae: A promising and sustainable protein-rich food ingredient for bakery and dairy products. Food Chem 2024; 441:138322. [PMID: 38190793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The consumer demand for protein rich foods urges the exploration for novel products of natural origin. Algae can be considered as a gold mine of different bioactive compounds, among which protein is distributed in significant amounts i.e., around 30% and can even reach to 55-60% in some cyanobacteria. Bakery and dairy products are extensively consumed worldwide due to product diversification and innovation. However, incorporation of algae biomass can lead to the development of green colour and fishy flavour that usually is not accepted in such products. Therefore, isolation and application of algae-derived proteins opens a new door for food industry. The present review provides a comprehensive understanding of incorporation of algae as a protein-rich ingredient in bakery and dairy products. The paper provides a deep insight for all the possible recent trends related to production and extraction of algae proteins accompanied by their incorporation in bakery and dairy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Prateek Gururani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Pankaj Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Naveen Chandra Joshi
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mahipal Singh Tomar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russian Federation.
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4
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Babich O, Ivanova S, Tupitsyn A, Vladimirov A, Nikolaeva E, Tiwari A, Budenkova E, Kashirskikh E, Anokhova V, Michaud P, Sukhikh S. Study of the polysaccharide production by the microalgae C-1509 Nannochloris sp. Naumann. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 40:e00818. [PMID: 38020727 PMCID: PMC10656214 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds, including polysaccharides isolated from microalgae, have various properties. Although Nannochloropsis spp. have the potential to produce secondary metabolites important for biotechnology, only a small part of the research on these microalgae has focused on their ability to produce polysaccharide fractions. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical growth factors of Nannochloropsis spp. microalgae, which ensure the maximum accumulation of polysaccharides, as well as to optimize the parameters of polysaccharide extraction. The optimal nutrient medium composition was selected to maximize biomass and polysaccharide accumulation. The significance of selecting the extraction module and extraction temperature regime, as well as the cultivation conditions (temperature and active acidity value) is emphasized. Important chemical components of polysaccharides responsible for their biological activity were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babich
- Research and Education Center, Industrial Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant BFU, A. Nevsky Street, 14, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of TNSMD Theory and Methods, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Tupitsyn
- Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, R&D Department, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Vladimirov
- P.A. Chikhachev House of Scientific Collaboration, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolaeva
- P.A. Chikhachev House of Scientific Collaboration, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ekaterina Budenkova
- Research and Education Center, Industrial Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant BFU, A. Nevsky Street, 14, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Egor Kashirskikh
- Research and Education Center, Industrial Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant BFU, A. Nevsky Street, 14, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Veronika Anokhova
- Research and Education Center, Industrial Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant BFU, A. Nevsky Street, 14, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Research and Education Center, Industrial Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant BFU, A. Nevsky Street, 14, Kaliningrad, Russia
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5
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Zhou T, Gui C, Sun L, Hu Y, Lyu H, Wang Z, Song Z, Yu G. Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12170-12253. [PMID: 37879045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chengmin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longgang Sun
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department for Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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6
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Saravana PS, Ummat V, Bourke P, Tiwari BK. Emerging green cell disruption techniques to obtain valuable compounds from macro and microalgae: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:904-919. [PMID: 35786238 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2089869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era, macro-microalgae attract a strong interest across scientific disciplines, owing to the wide application of these cost-effective valuable bioresources in food, fuel, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals etc. The practice of eco-friendly extraction techniques has led scientists to create alternative processes to the conventional methods, to enhance the extraction of the key valuable compounds from macro-microalgae. This review narrates the possible use of novel cell disruption techniques, including use of ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, surfactant, switchable solvents, high voltage electrical discharge, explosive decompression, compressional-puffing, plasma, and ozonation, which can enable the recovery of value added substances from macro-microalgae, complying with the principles of green chemistry and sustainability. The above-mentioned innovative techniques are reviewed with respect to their working principles, benefits, and possible applications for macro-microalgae bioactive compound recovery and biofuel. The benefits of these techniques compared to conventional extraction methods include shorter extraction time, improved yield, and reduced cost. Furthermore, various combinations of these innovative technologies are used for the extraction of thermolabile bioactive compounds. The challenges and prospects of the innovative extraction processes for the forthcoming improvement of environmentally and cost-effective macro-microalgal biorefineries are also explained in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viruja Ummat
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Bourke
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Ejike CECC, Ezeorba TPC, Ajah O, Udenigwe CC. Big Things, Small Packages: An Update on Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Nutraceutical Peptides for Promoting Cardiovascular Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200162. [PMID: 37205928 PMCID: PMC10190598 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, a review of microalgae protein-derived bioactive peptides relevant in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management was published. Given the rapid evolution of the field, an update is needed to illumininate recent developments and proffer future suggestions. In this review, the scientific literature (2018-2022) is mined for that purpose and the relevant properties of the identified peptides related to CVD are discussed. The challenges and prospects for microalgae peptides are similarly discussed. Since 2018, several publications have independently confirmed the potential to produce microalgae protein-derived nutraceutical peptides. Peptides that reduce hypertension (by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase), modulate dyslipidemia and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported, and characterized. Taken together, future research and development investments in nutraceutical peptides from microalgae proteins need to focus on the challenges of large-scale biomass production, improvement in techniques for protein extraction, peptide release and processing, and the need for clinical trials to validate the claimed health benefits as well as formulation of various consumer products with the novel bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso E. C. C. Ejike
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of Basic Medical SciencesAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu‐AlikeEbonyi State482131Nigeria
| | - Timothy P. C. Ezeorba
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State410001Nigeria
| | - Obinna Ajah
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Natural SciencesMichael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia State440101Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1H 8M5Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
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8
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Yisa AG, Chia MA, Sha'aba RI, Gauje B, Gadzama IMK, Oniye SJ. Risk assessment of the antibiotic amoxicillin on non-toxin-producing strains and toxin-producing strains of Microcystis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56398-56409. [PMID: 36917389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amoxicillin (AMX) is a common antibiotic used to treat a variety of infectious illnesses in humans and animals, including otitis media, tonsillitis, tonsillopharyngitis, laryngitis, and pharyngitis. The drug ends up in the aquatic ecosystems through animal and human excretion and industrial effluents. The ecological consequences of broad-spectrum antibiotics on non-target species like cyanobacteria are causing considerable concern. The danger of amoxicillin to non-toxin-producing and toxin-producing strains of cyanobacteria is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk (RQ) and physiological effects of AMX on Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198 (non-toxin producing = NTP), Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 (toxin-producing = TP), and Microcystis flos aquae UTEX-LB 2677 (toxin-producing = TP). Our study showed differences in the RQ of the drug to the tested organisms - demonstrating < Microcystis flos aquae UTEX-LB 2677 > Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 > Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198. The calculated EC50 values show that AMX was more toxic to the toxin-producing strains than the non-toxin-producing strains. Amoxicillin led to significant (p < 0.05) growth inhibition and chlorophyll-a content of the exposed cultures. The observed increase in the concentration of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of the exposed cultures at 96 h was significant (p < 0.05), demonstrating that the expressed oxidative stress patterns observed during the study were due to AMX. The current study shows significant variation (p < 0.05) in melondialdehyde (MDA) content and the antioxidant enzymes - glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Balli Gauje
- National Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
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9
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Bhattacharya R, Sachin S, Sivakumar R, Ghosh S. Solid-state fermentation-based enzyme-assisted extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil from Nannochloropsis sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128763. [PMID: 36813049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic treatment of microalgal biomass is a promising approach for extraction of microalgal lipid, but high cost of commercially sourcing enzyme is a major drawback in industrial implementation. Present study involves extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil from Nannochloropsis sp. biomass using low cost cellulolytic enzymes produced from Trichoderma reesei in a solid-state fermentation bioreactor. Maximum total fatty acid recovery of 369.4 ± 4.6 mg/g dry weight (total fatty acid yield of 77%) was achieved in 12 h from the enzymatically treated microalgal cells, of which the eicosapentaenoic acid content was 11%. Sugar release of 1.70 ± 0.05 g/L was obtained post enzymatic treatment at 50 °C. The enzyme was reused thrice for cell wall disruption without compromising on total fatty acid yield. Additionally, high protein content of 47% in the defatted biomass could be explored as a potential aquafeed, thus enhancing the overall economics and sustainability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raikamal Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sharika Sachin
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rohith Sivakumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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10
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Gherabli A, Grimi N, Lemaire J, Vorobiev E, Lebovka N. Extraction of Valuable Biomolecules from the Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis Assisted by Electrotechnologies. Molecules 2023; 28:2089. [PMID: 36903334 PMCID: PMC10004699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is well known as the cell factory for natural astaxanthin, which composes up to 4-7% of its total dry weight. The bioaccumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis cysts seems to be a very complex process that depends on different stress conditions during its cultivation. The red cysts of H. pluvialis develop thick and rigid cell walls under stress growing conditions. Thus, the biomolecule extraction requires general cell disruption technologies to reach a high recovery rate. This short review provides an analysis of the different steps in H. pluvialis's up and downstream processing including cultivation and harvesting of biomass, cell disruption, extraction and purification techniques. Useful information on the structure of H. pluvialis's cells, biomolecular composition and properties and the bioactivity of astaxanthin is collected. Special emphasis is given to the recent progress in application of different electrotechnologies during the growth stages and for assistance of the recovery of different biomolecules from H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Gherabli
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, UTC/ESCOM, TIMR (Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable), 60200 Compiègne, France
- CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Nabil Grimi
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, UTC/ESCOM, TIMR (Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable), 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Julien Lemaire
- CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, UTC/ESCOM, TIMR (Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable), 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Nikolai Lebovka
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, UTC/ESCOM, TIMR (Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable), 60200 Compiègne, France
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Disperse Minerals, F. D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
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11
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Obeid S, Beaufils N, Peydecastaing J, Camy S, Takache H, Ismail A, Pontalier PY. Microalgal fractionation for lipids, pigments and protein recovery. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Yadav K, Vasistha S, Nawkarkar P, Kumar S, Rai MP. Algal biorefinery culminating multiple value-added products: recent advances, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:244. [PMID: 36033914 PMCID: PMC9402873 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal biorefinery is rising as a prominent solution to economically fulfill the escalating global requirement for nutrition, feed, fuel, and medicines. In recent years, scientific productiveness associated with microalgae-based studies has elaborated in multiplied aspects, while translation to the commercial level continues to be missing. The present microalgal biorefinery has a challenge in long-term viability due to escalated market price of algal-mediated biofuels and bioproducts. Advancements are required in a few aspects like improvement in algae processing, energy investment, and cost analysis of microalgae biorefinery. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the modern work by understanding the knowledge gaps and hotspots driving business scale up. The microalgae biorefinery integrated with energy-based products, bioactive and green compounds, focusing on a circular bioeconomy, is urgently needed. A detailed investigation of techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) is important to increase the market value of algal products. This review discusses the valorization of algal biomass for the value-added application that holds a sustainable approach and cost-competitive algal biorefinery. The current industries, policies, technology transfer trends, challenges, and future economic outlook are discussed. This study is an overview through scientometric investigation attempt to describe the research development contributing to this rising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushi Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Shrasti Vasistha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Prachi Nawkarkar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Shashi Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Monika Prakash Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
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13
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Recent Advances in Marine Microalgae Production: Highlighting Human Health Products from Microalgae in View of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blue biotechnology can greatly help solve some of the most serious social problems due to its wide biodiversity, which includes marine environments. Microalgae are important resources for human needs as an alternative to terrestrial plants because of their rich biodiversity, rapid growth, and product contributions in many fields. The production scheme for microalgae biomass mainly consists of two processes: (I) the Build-Up process and (II) the Pull-Down process. The Build-Up process consists of (1) the super strain concept and (2) cultivation aspects. The Pull-Down process includes (1) harvesting and (2) drying algal biomass. In some cases, such as the manufacture of algal products, the (3) extraction of bioactive compounds is included. Microalgae have a wide range of commercial applications, such as in aquaculture, biofertilizer, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods, which have several industrial and academic applications around the world. The efficiency and success of biomedical products derived from microalgal biomass or its metabolites mainly depend on the technologies used in the cultivation, harvesting, drying, and extraction of microalgae bioactive molecules. The current review focuses on recent advanced technologies that enhance microalgae biomass within microalgae production schemes. Moreover, the current work highlights marine drugs and human health products derived from microalgae that can improve human immunity and reduce viral activities, especially COVID-19.
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Enhancement of Metabolite Production in High-Altitude Microalgal Strains by Optimized C/N/P Ratio. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the role of C/N/P in the increase in the synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in two high-mountain strains of algae (Chlorella sp. UFPS019 and Desmodesmus sp. UFPS021). Three carbon sources (sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate), and the sources of nitrogen (NaNO3) and phosphate (KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) were analyzed using a surface response (3 factors, 2 levels). In Chlorella sp. UFPS019, the optimal conditions to enhance the synthesis of carbohydrates were high sodium carbonate content (3.53 g/L), high KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 content (0.06 and 0.14 g/L, respectively), and medium-high NaNO3 (0.1875 g/L). In the case of lipids, a high concentration of sodium acetate (1.19 g/L) coupled with high KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 content (0.056 and 0.131 g/L, respectively) and a low concentration of NaNO3 (0.075 g/L) drastically induced the synthesis of lipids. In the case of Desmodesmus sp. UFPS021, the protein content was increased using high sodium acetate (2 g/L), high KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 content (0.056 and 0.131 g/L, respectively), and high NaNO3 concentration (0.25 g/L). These results demonstrate that the correct adjustment of the C/N/P ratio can enhance the capacity of high-mountain strains of algae to produce high concentrations of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
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Castejón N, Marko D. Fatty Acid Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Lipid Extracts from Nannochloropsis gaditana Produced by Green Technologies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123710. [PMID: 35744834 PMCID: PMC9230018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are alternatives and sustainable sources of omega-3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). However, the eco-friendly extraction of these bioactives remains unexplored. In this work, the use of enzyme-based methods in combination with ultrasounds was evaluated as green approaches to extract the omega-3 lipids from Nannochloropsis gaditana. Three commercial enzymatic solutions (Viscozyme® L, Celluclast® 1.5 L, and Saczyme®) were investigated, and results were compared with the traditional Folch method. A promising extraction approach was developed by using Saczyme®, achieving a lipid yield of 25.7% ± 0.5, comparable to the traditional method (27.3% ± 0.7) (p > 0.05). Similar omega-3 content was found by GC−MS analysis for both lipid extracts (30.2% ± 2.4 and 29.3% ± 0.8 for the green and the traditional method, respectively), showing that the green approaches did not affect the fatty acid profile. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of produced lipids was assessed by comparing human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) and epithelial nontumorigenic immortalized cells (HCEC-1CT). Results suggest that the lipid extracts have a selective effect, reducing the viability of the colon carcinoma cells but not the nontumorigenic cells. Thus, this study provides new eco-innovative approaches for extracting the omega-3 LC-PUFA from microalgae with promising biological properties.
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Gkioni MD, Andriopoulos V, Koutra E, Hatziantoniou S, Kornaros M, Lamari FN. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Nannochloropsis oculata with Ethanol and Betaine: 1,2-Propanediol Eutectic Solvent for Antioxidant Pigment-Rich Extracts Retaining Nutritious the Residual Biomass. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061103. [PMID: 35740000 PMCID: PMC9220189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of an efficient “green” extraction method of Nannochloropsis oculata to produce antioxidant extracts and nutritious residual biomass. Twenty-one extraction methods were evaluated by measuring the reactivity with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent: ultrasonication or maceration at different temperatures with different organic solvents, extraction at different pH values, enzyme-assisted extraction, encapsulation with β-cyclodextrin, and the use of natural deep eutectic solvents. Ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol or betaine: 1,2-propanediol in a molar ratio of 2:5 (BP) had optimal extractive capacity. Both extracts were evaluated with antioxidant assays and the ethanol extract exhibited significantly higher (at least twofold) values. The determination of carotenoids by LC-MS and HPLC-DAD revealed the dominance of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin and their fourfold higher concentrations in the ethanol extract. The 1H-NMR characterization of the ethanol extract confirmed the results of the colorimetric and chromatographic assays. The microalgal biomass was characterized before and after the extraction in terms of humidity, ash, carbohydrates, proteins, chlorophyll-a, carotenoids, and lipids; the identity and content of the latter were determined with gas chromatography. BP caused a smaller depletion of the lipids from the biomass compared to ethanol, but proteins, carbohydrates, and ash were at a higher content in the biomass obtained after ethanol extraction, whereas the biomass was dry and easy to handle. Although further optimization may take place for the scale-up of those procedures, our study paves the way for a green strategy for the valorization of microalgae in cosmetics without generating waste, since the remaining biomass can be used for aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Gkioni
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.D.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Vasilis Andriopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.A.); (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Eleni Koutra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.A.); (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.D.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.A.); (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Fotini N. Lamari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.D.G.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610962335
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Ren X, Liu Y, Fan C, Hong H, Wu W, Zhang W, Wang Y. Production, Processing, and Protection of Microalgal n-3 PUFA-Rich Oil. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091215. [PMID: 35563938 PMCID: PMC9101592 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been increasingly considered as a sustainable “biofactory” with huge potentials to fill up the current and future shortages of food and nutrition. They have become an economically and technologically viable solution to produce a great diversity of high-value bioactive compounds, including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The n-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), possess an array of biological activities and positively affect a number of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the global market of n-3 PUFA has been increasing at a fast pace in the past two decades. Nowadays, the supply of n-3 PUFA is facing serious challenges as a result of global warming and maximal/over marine fisheries catches. Although increasing rapidly in recent years, aquaculture as an alternative source of n-3 PUFA appears insufficient to meet the fast increase in consumption and market demand. Therefore, the cultivation of microalgae stands out as a potential solution to meet the shortages of the n-3 PUFA market and provides unique fatty acids for the special groups of the population. This review focuses on the biosynthesis pathways and recombinant engineering approaches that can be used to enhance the production of n-3 PUFA, the impact of environmental conditions in heterotrophic cultivation on n-3 PUFA production, and the technologies that have been applied in the food industry to extract and purify oil in microalgae and protect n-3 PUFA from oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-411-65864645 (X.R.); +1-902-566-7953 (Y.W.)
| | - Yanjun Liu
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Chao Fan
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Hao Hong
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenzhong Wu
- INNOBIO Corporation Limited, No. 49, DDA, Dalian 116600, China; (Y.L.); (C.F.); (H.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- DeOxiTech Consulting, 30 Cloverfield Court, Dartmouth, NS B2W 0B3, Canada;
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-411-65864645 (X.R.); +1-902-566-7953 (Y.W.)
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Kaluzhnaya OV, Itskovich VB. Features of Diversity of Polyketide Synthase Genes in the Community of Freshwater Sponge Baikalospongia fungiformis. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effects of Structural and Compositional Changes of Nanochloropsis oceania after Enzyme Treatment on EPA-Rich Lipids Extraction. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030160. [PMID: 35323459 PMCID: PMC8955213 DOI: 10.3390/md20030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved methods for the extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an essential and economically important polyunsaturated fatty acid, are urgently required. However, lipid extraction rates using food-grade solvents such as ethanol are usually low. To improve the ethanol-based extraction rate, and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms, we used cellulase and laccase to treat powdered Nannochloropsis, one of the most promising microalgal sources of EPA. Cellulase and laccase synergistically increased lipid yields by 69.31% and lipid EPA content by 42.63%, by degrading the amorphous hemicellulose and cellulose, improving crystallinity, and promoting the release and extraction of lysodiacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cell morphology was substantially altered, with cell-wall rupture, loss of cell boundaries, and the release of intracellular substances. In conclusion, Nannochloropsis lipid yields may be directly linked to cell-wall hemicellulose structure, and enzymatic treatment to alter this may improve lipid yields.
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Hac İsa M, Metin C, Ercan E, Alparslan Y. Effect of different cell disruption methods on lipid yield of
Schizochytrium
sp. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hac İsa
- Faculty of Fisheries Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Kötekli Muğla Turkey
| | - Cansu Metin
- Faculty of Fisheries Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Kötekli Muğla Turkey
| | - Ertan Ercan
- Faculty of Fisheries Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Kötekli Muğla Turkey
| | - Yunus Alparslan
- Faculty of Fisheries Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Kötekli Muğla Turkey
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Freeze–thaw-, enzyme-, ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted extractions of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis dry biomass. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Effects of Acid-fermented Food Wastewater in Microwave-based Direct Lipid Extraction from Wet Microalgae. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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du Preez R, Majzoub ME, Thomas T, Panchal SK, Brown L. Nannochloropsis oceanica as a Microalgal Food Intervention in Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:3991. [PMID: 34836248 PMCID: PMC8624018 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microalgal genus Nannochloropsis has broad applicability to produce biofuels, animal feed supplements and other value-added products including proteins, carotenoids and lipids. This study investigated a potential role of N. oceanica in the reversal of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups in a 16-week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (C and H, respectively) for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received 5% freeze-dried N. oceanica in these diets for the final eight weeks (CN and HN, respectively) of the protocol. The H diet was high in fructose and sucrose, together with increased saturated and trans fats. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and left ventricular fibrosis. N. oceanica increased lean mass in CN and HN rats, possibly due to the increased protein intake, and decreased fat mass in HN rats. Intervention with N. oceanica did not change cardiovascular, liver and metabolic parameters or gut structure. The relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria in the gut microbiota was increased. N. oceanica may be an effective functional food against metabolic syndrome as a sustainable protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan du Preez
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Marwan E. Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.K.P.)
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Yap JK, Sankaran R, Chew KW, Halimatul Munawaroh HS, Ho SH, Rajesh Banu J, Show PL. Advancement of green technologies: A comprehensive review on the potential application of microalgae biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130886. [PMID: 34020196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have drawn significant interest worldwide, owing to their enormous application potential in the green energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Many studies have proved and stated the potential of microalgae in the area of biofuel which is economically effective and environmentally friendly. Besides the commercial value, the potential of microalgae in environmental protection has also been investigated. Microalgae-based process is one of the most effective way to treat heavy metal pollution, compared to conventional methods, it does not release any toxic waste or harmful gases, and the aquatic organism will not receive any harmful effects. The potential dual role of microalge in phytoremedation and energy production has made it widely explored for its capability. The interest of microalgae in various application has motivated a new focus in green technologies. Considering the rapid population growth with the continuous increase on the global demand and the application of biomass in diverse field, significant upgrades have been performed to accommodate green technological advancement. In the past decade, noteworthy advancement has been made on the technology involving the diverse application of microalgae biomass. This review aims to explore on the application of microalgae and the development of green technology in various application for microalgae biomass. There is great prospects for researchers in this field to delve into other potential utilization of microalgae biomass not only for bioremediation process but also to generate revenues from microalgae by incorporating clean and green technology for long-term sustainability and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn Kwok Yap
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China.
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, 610005, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Timira V, Meki K, Li Z, Lin H, Xu M, Pramod SN. A comprehensive review on the application of novel disruption techniques for proteins release from microalgae. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4309-4325. [PMID: 33480267 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an emergent demand for sustainable and alternative protein sources such as insects and microorganisms that meet the nutritional requirements. Microalgae possess valuable substances that could satisfy the population's dietary requirement, medicinal purpose, and energy, aligned with effective processing techniques. Several disruption techniques were applied to microalgae species for protein recovery and other compounds. The thick microalgae cell wall makes it difficult to recover all the valuable biomolecules through several downstream processes. Thus, forethought key factors need to be considered when choosing a cell lysis method. The most challenging and crucial issue is selecting a technique that requires consideration of their ability to disrupt all cell types, easy to use, purity degree, reproducible, scalable, and energy efficient. This review aims to provide useful information specifically on mechanical and non-mechanical disruption methods, the status and potential in protein extraction capacities, and constraints. Therefore, further attention in the future on potential technologies, namely explosive decompression, microfluidization, pulsed arc technology, is required to supplement the discussed techniques. This article summarizes recent advances in cell disruption methods and demonstrates insights on new directions of the techniques and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaileth Timira
- College College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kudakwashe Meki
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- College College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- College College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Siddanakoppalu N Pramod
- Laboratory of immunomodulation and inflammation biology, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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Extraction and characterization of polysaccharide-enriched fractions from Phoma dimorpha mycelial biomass. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:769-783. [PMID: 33389169 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were tested as advanced clean methods to obtain polysaccharides from Phoma dimorpha mycelial biomass. These methods were compared to conventional extraction (hot water extraction, HWE) in terms of polysaccharides-enriched fractions (PEF) yield. A central composite rotational design was performed for each extraction method to investigate the influence of independent variables on the yield and to help the selection of the condition with the highest yield using water as an extraction solvent. The best extraction condition of PEF yielded 12.02 wt% and was achieved when using UAE with direct sonication for 30 min under the intensity of 75.11 W/cm2 and pulse factor of 0.57. In the kinetic profiles, the highest yield (15.28 wt%) was obtained at 50 °C under an ultrasound intensity of 75.11 W/cm2 and a pulse factor of 0.93. Structural analysis of extracted polysaccharide was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal property. The water solubility index, water holding capacity, and emulsification index of PEF were 31.3 ± 1.5%, 138.1 ± 3.2%, and 62.9 ± 2.3%, respectively. The submerged fermentation demonstrates the huge potential of Phoma dimorpha to produce polysaccharides with bioemulsifying properties as a biotechnologically cleaner alternative if compared to commercial petroleum-derived compounds. Furthermore, UAE and PHWE are green technologies, which can be operated at an industrial scale for PEF extraction.
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Nitsos C, Filali R, Taidi B, Lemaire J. Current and novel approaches to downstream processing of microalgae: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107650. [PMID: 33091484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological application of microalgae cultures at large scale has significant potential in the various fields of biofuels, food and feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, environmental remediation and water treatment. Despite this great potential application, industrialisation of microalgae culture and valorisation is still faced with serious remaining challenges in culture scale-up, harvesting and extraction of target molecules. This review presents a general summary of current techniques for harvesting and extraction of biomolecules from microalgae, their relative merits and potential for industrial application. The cell wall composition and its impact on microalgae cell disruption is discussed. Additionally, more recent progress and promising experimental methods and studies are summarised that would allow the reader to further investigate the state of the art. A final survey of energetic assessments of the different techniques is also made. Bead milling and high-pressure homogenisation seem to give clear advantages in terms of target high value compounds extraction from microalgae, with enzyme hydrolysis as a promising emerging technique. Future industrialisation of microalgae for high scale biotechnological processing will require the establishment of universal comparison-standards that would enable easy assessment of one technique against another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Nitsos
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
| | - Rayen Filali
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
| | - Behnam Taidi
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Unierstiy of Paris Sacaly, Bât Gustave Eiffel, 3 rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Julien Lemaire
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
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Tan JS, Lee SY, Chew KW, Lam MK, Lim JW, Ho SH, Show PL. A review on microalgae cultivation and harvesting, and their biomass extraction processing using ionic liquids. Bioengineered 2020; 11:116-129. [PMID: 31909681 PMCID: PMC6999644 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1711626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The richness of high-value bio-compounds derived from microalgae has made microalgae a promising and sustainable source of useful product. The present work starts with a review on the usage of open pond and photobioreactor in culturing various microalgae strains, followed by an in-depth evaluation on the common harvesting techniques used to collect microalgae from culture medium. The harvesting methods discussed include filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, and flotation. Additionally, the advanced extraction technologies using ionic liquids as extractive solvents applied to extract high-value bio-compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and other bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass are summarized and discussed. However, more work needs to be done to fully utilize the potential of microalgae biomass for the application in large-scale production of biofuels, food additives, and nutritive supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia.,Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.,Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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Imbimbo P, D'Elia L, Liberti D, Olivieri G, Monti DM. Towards green extraction methods from microalgae learning from the classics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9067-9077. [PMID: 32960292 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae started receiving attention as producers of third generation of biofuel, but they are rich in many bioactive compounds. Indeed, they produce many molecules endowed with benefic effects on human health which are highly requested in the market. Thus, it would be important to fractionate algal biomass into its several high-value compounds: this represents the basis of the microalgal biorefinery approach. Usually, conventional extraction methods have been used to extract a single class of molecules, with many side effects on the environment and on human health. The development of a green downstream platform could help in obtaining different class of molecules with high purity along with low environmental impact. This review is focused on technical advances that have been performed, from classic methods to the newest and green ones. Indeed, it is fundamental to set up new procedures that do not affect the biological activity of the extracted molecules. A comparative analysis has been performed among the conventional methods and the new extraction techniques, i.e., switchable solvents and microwave-assisted and compressed fluid extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Elia
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liberti
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Olivieri
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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Kokkali M, Martí-Quijal FJ, Taroncher M, Ruiz MJ, Kousoulaki K, Barba FJ. Improved Extraction Efficiency of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds from Tetraselmis chuii and Phaedoactylum tricornutum Using Pulsed Electric Fields. Molecules 2020; 25:E3921. [PMID: 32867350 PMCID: PMC7504414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a promising technology that allows the selective extraction of high-added value compounds by electroporation. Thus, PEF provides numerous opportunities for the energy efficient isolation of valuable microalgal bioactive substances (i.e., pigments and polyphenols). The efficiency of PEF-assisted extraction combined with aqueous or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents in recovering pigments and polyphenols from microalgae Tetraselmis chuii (T. chuii) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) was evaluated. Two PEF treatments were applied: (1 kV/cm/400 pulses, 3 kV/cm/45 pulses), with a specific energy input of 100 kJ/kg. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was positively influenced by the use of DMSO. The highest TAC in the T. chuii culture was achieved at a lower extraction time and electric field than for P. tricornutum. The use of DMSO only improved the polyphenols' extraction for P. tricornutum, whereas the PEF and extraction time were more important for T. chuii. Carotenoids and chlorophyll a were more efficiently extracted using DMSO, while chlorophyll b levels were higher following aqueous extraction for both microalgae. In P. tricornutum, the TAC and pigment extraction efficiency were in general higher at lower extraction times. It can be concluded that PEF may be a promising alternative for the enhancement of the selective extraction of antioxidant bioactive compounds from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialena Kokkali
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima AS, 5141 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Francisco J. Martí-Quijal
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Mercedes Taroncher
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Katerina Kousoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima AS, 5141 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
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Zhang R, Lebovka N, Marchal L, Vorobiev E, Grimi N. Multistage aqueous and non-aqueous extraction of bio-molecules from microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Evaluation of Microbial Load, Formation of Odorous Metabolites and Lipid Stability during Wet Preservation of Nannochloropsis gaditana Concentrates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wet preservation of algae allows us to bridge the time period between algae harvest and processing while avoiding the costs and nutritional losses associated with algae drying. This study aimed to identify suitable storage conditions for the wet preservation of Nannochloropsis gaditana concentrates. The impact of storage temperature, time and the way of closing the storage recipient was evaluated using a full factorial design. The effect of acetic acid addition was tested for one storage condition. Storage temperature was the main factor determining the microbial count and had a vast impact on the formation of odorous metabolites. Storage at 20 °C in closed recipients led to rapid O2 consumption, accumulation of malodorous short-chain fatty acids above their odor thresholds, and the production of H2S and methanethiol. These odorous metabolites were not formed or to a much lower extent during 4 °C and 8 °C storage in closed recipients. Acetic acid supplementation (50 mM) suppressed the formation of short-chain fatty acids during 8 °C storage in unsealed recipients and reduced the aerobic microbial count and the number of yeasts and molds by approximately one log unit after 14 days. Yet, acetic acid addition also induced lipid hydrolysis and decreased chlorophyll levels when algae were stored for more than one week. This study demonstrated that temperature control is needed and that acetic acid addition is a promising approach when N. gaditana concentrates are stored for less than one week.
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da Silva Souza Campanholi K, Jaski JM, da Silva Junior RC, Zanqui AB, Lazarin-Bidóia D, da Silva CM, da Silva EA, Hioka N, Nakamura CV, Cardozo-Filho L, Caetano W. Photodamage on Staphylococcus aureus by natural extract from Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze: Clean method of extraction, characterization and photophysical studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111763. [PMID: 31931382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical modality that allows the destruction of tumor cells and microorganisms by reactive oxygen species, formed by the combination of photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and adequate wavelength light. This research, through a clean methodology that involves pressurized liquids extraction (PLE), obtained a highly antimicrobial extract of Tetragonia tetragonoides, which rich in chlorophylls as photosensitizers. The Chlorophylls-based extract (Cbe-PLE) presented pharmacological safety, through the maintenance of cellular viability. In addition, Cbe-PLE showed great efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, with severe dose-dependent damage to the cell wall of the pathogen. The obtained product has a high potential for the development of photostimulated phytotherapic formulations for clinical applications in localized infections, as a complementary therapeutic alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Marcelo Jaski
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Zanqui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Antonio da Silva
- State University of Western Paraná, 645 Faculdade Street, 85903-000, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio Cardozo-Filho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
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