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Fan XY, Yu Y, Yao Y, Li WD, Tao FY, Wang N. Applications of Ene-Reductases in the Synthesis of Flavors and Fragrances. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38966982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Flavors and fragrances (F&F) are interesting organic compounds in chemistry. These compounds are widely used in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries. Enzymatic synthesis exhibits several advantages over natural extraction and chemical preparation, including a high yield, stable quality, mildness, and environmental friendliness. To date, many oxidoreductases and hydrolases have been used to biosynthesize F&F. Ene-reductases (ERs) are a class of biocatalysts that can catalyze the asymmetric reduction of α,β-unsaturated compounds and offer superior specificity and selectivity; therefore, ERs have been increasingly considered an ideal alternative to their chemical counterparts. This review summarizes the research progress on the use of ERs in F&F synthesis over the past 20 years, including the achievements of various scholars, the differences and similarities among the findings, and the discussions of future research trends related to ERs. We hope this review can inspire researchers to promote the development of biotechnology in the F&F industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Dian Li
- Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Sanlian New Material Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yan Tao
- Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Sanlian New Material Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People's Republic of China
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Qi Z, Tong X, Ke K, Wang X, Pei J, Bu S, Zhao L. De Novo Synthesis of Dihydro-β-ionone through Metabolic Engineering and Bacterium-Yeast Coculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3066-3076. [PMID: 38294193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Dihydro-β-ionone is a common type of ionone used in the flavor and fragrance industries because of its characteristic scent. The production of flavors in microbial cell factories offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to accessing them, independent of extraction from natural sources. However, the native pathway of dihydro-β-ionone remains unclear, hindering heterologous biosynthesis in microbial hosts. Herein, we devised a microbial platform for de novo syntheses of dihydro-β-ionone from a simple carbon source with glycerol. The complete dihydro-β-ionone pathway was reconstructed in Escherichia coli with multiple metabolic engineering strategies to generate a strain capable of producing 8 mg/L of dihydro-β-ionone, although this was accompanied by a surplus precursor β-ionone in culture. To overcome this issue, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as having a conversion rate for transforming β-ionone to dihydro-β-ionone that was higher than that of E. coli via whole-cell catalysis. Consequently, the titer of dihydro-β-ionone was increased using the E. coli-S. cerevisiae coculture to 27 mg/L. Our study offers an efficient platform for biobased dihydro-β-ionone production and extends coculture engineering to overproducing target molecules in extended metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kaixuan Ke
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Su Bu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
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Qi Z, Tong X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Fang X, Zhao L. Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1 and Its Application for the Production of C13-Apocarotenoids in Microbial Cell Factories: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19240-19254. [PMID: 38047615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
C13-apocarotenoids are naturally derived from the C9-C10 (C9'-C10') double-bond cleavage of carotenoids by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs). As high-value flavors and fragrances in the food and cosmetic industries, the sustainable production of C13-apocarotenoids is emerging in microbial cell factories by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1) subfamily. However, the commercialization of microbial-based C13-apocarotenoids is still limited by the poor performance of CCD1, which severely constrains its conversion efficiency from precursor carotenoids. This review focuses on the classification of CCDs and their cleavage modes for carotenoids to generate corresponding apocarotenoids. We then emphatically discuss the advances for C13-apocarotenoid biosynthesis in microbial cell factories with various strategies, including optimization of CCD1 expression, improvement of CCD1's catalytic activity and substrate specificity, strengthening of substrate channeling, and development of oleaginous microbial hosts, which have been verified to increase the conversion rate from carotenoids. Lastly, the current challenges and future directions will be discussed to enhance CCDs' application for C13-apocarotenoids biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shutong Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianying Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest, Nanjing 210037, China
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Schober L, Dobiašová H, Jurkaš V, Parmeggiani F, Rudroff F, Winkler M. Enzymatic reactions towards aldehydes: An overview. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2023; 38:221-242. [PMID: 38505272 PMCID: PMC10947199 DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Many aldehydes are volatile compounds with distinct and characteristic olfactory properties. The aldehydic functional group is reactive and, as such, an invaluable chemical multi-tool to make all sorts of products. Owing to the reactivity, the selective synthesis of aldehydic is a challenging task. Nature has evolved a number of enzymatic reactions to produce aldehydes, and this review provides an overview of aldehyde-forming reactions in biological systems and beyond. Whereas some of these biotransformations are still in their infancy in terms of synthetic applicability, others are developed to an extent that allows their implementation as industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schober
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Hana Dobiašová
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringSlovak University of TechnologyBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
- Area BiotransformationsAustrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyGrazAustria
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Long Z, Li K, Xue Y, Sun Y, Li J, Su Z, Sun J, Liu Q, Liu H, Wei T. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel ene- reductase from Kazachstania exigua HSC6 for dihydro-β-ionone from β-ionone. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:499-508. [PMID: 36738355 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We purified and characterized a novel ene-reductase (KaDBR1) from Kazachstania exigua HSC6 for the synthesis of dihydro-β-ionone from β-ionone. METHODS KaDBR1 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and phenyl-Sepharose Fast Flow and Q-Sepharose chromatography. The purified enzyme was characterized by measuring the amount of dihydro-β-ionone from β-ionone with LC-MS analysis method. RESULTS The molecular mass of KaDBR1 was estimated to be 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified KaDBR1 enzyme had optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 6.0. The addition of 5 mM Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Na+, and dithiothreitol increased the activity of KaDBR1 by 25%, 18%, 34%, 20%, and 23%, respectively. KaDBR1 favored NADH over NADPH as a cofactor, and its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward β-ionone using NADH was 8.1-fold greater than when using NADPH. CONCLUSION Owing to its unique properties, KaDBR1 is a potential candidate for the enzymatic biotransformation of β-ionone to dihydro-β-ionone in biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangde Long
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kena Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yun Xue
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jigang Li
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Zan Su
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Jiansheng Sun
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Qibin Liu
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Hong Liu
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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