Internal Hypopharyngeal Cyst: A Review of Literature

A Large Adult Postcricoid Lymphatic Malformation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Adult-onset lymphatic malformations arising at the postcricoid, a subsite of the hypopharynx, are sporadic. Only one case has been previously reported. In this study, we presented a 36-year-old female presented with globus sensation, dysphagia, and upper airway obstruction, requiring a tracheostomy. A computed tomography scan identified a 5 cm × 4.5 cm × 3 cm multilocular hypodense lesion in the postcricoid. Due to its considerable size, complete resection with function preservation was crucial, and a standard microscopic direct laryngoscopy approach may result in inadequate exposure, while an open transcervical approach may affect functional outcomes and increase surgical complications. We successfully performed an en bloc resection with a transoral endoscopic approach, using laryngeal suspension and a laparoscopic ultrasonic scalpel to preserve aerodigestive functions, ensure rapid recovery, and avoid neck scarring. The patient was decannulated within 2 weeks and remained disease-free after 1 year. The reported cases of adult-onset lymphatic malformations at the postcricoid and hypopharynx were reviewed and summarized for educational purposes.

Review of oral and pharyngolaryngeal benign lesions detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Recent advancements in endoscopy equipment have facilitated endoscopists’ detection of neoplasms in the oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal regions. In particular, image-enhanced endoscopy using narrow band imaging or blue laser imaging play an integral role in the endoscopic diagnosis of oral and pharyngolaryngeal cancers. Despite these advancements, limited studies have focused on benign lesions that can be observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the oral and pharyngolaryngeal regions. Therefore, this mini-review aimed to provide essential information on such benign lesions, along with representative endoscopic images of dental caries, cleft palate, palatal torus, bifid uvula, compression by cervical osteophytes, tonsil hyperplasia, black hairy tongue, oral candidiasis, oral and pharyngolaryngeal ulcers, pharyngeal melanosis, oral tattoos associated with dental alloys, retention cysts, papilloma, radiation-induced changes, skin flaps, vocal cord paresis, and vocal fold leukoplakia. Whilst it is imperative to seek consultation from otolaryngologists or dentists in instances where the diagnosis cannot be definitively ascertained by endoscopists, the merits of attaining foundational expertise pertaining to oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions are unequivocal. This article will be a valuable resource for endoscopists seeking to enhance their understanding of oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions.

Nasopharyngeal Presentation of a Pharyngeal Cleft Cyst in a Dog

A 2 yr old castrated male shih tzu was presented for assessment of worsening chronic snoring since first detected at 3 mo of age. An upper respiratory endoscopic examination and a computed tomographic scan showed a well-circumscribed, fluid-filled nasopharyngeal mass located in the median plane on the nasal side of the soft palate. This lesion was removed using a ventral approach to the nasopharynx by blunt-sharp dissection from the submucosal tissues of the soft palate. Histopathology revealed a cystic lesion lined by a single layer of a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium, characteristic of a pharyngeal cyst. Follow-up 5 mo after surgery revealed complete resolution of the clinical signs with no evidence of local recurrence. Pharyngeal cysts are developmental abnormalities of the branchial apparatus. Most derive from the second branchial arch and cause cysts, sinuses, and fistulae to develop in the neck region. In our case, the lesion was located in the nasopharynx, leading to snoring and exercise intolerance. This condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of suspected nasopharyngeal obstruction.

Stridor caused by duplication cyst in a female infant and temporary vocal cord paralysis. A case report

Introduction and importance

Congenital hypopharynx duplication cysts are a medical rarity; nevertheless, they offer an important differential diagnosis in neonatal dyspnea or feeding problems.

Case report

Herein, we describe a case of delayed diagnosis but successful surgical removal of a large congenital hypopharynx cyst in a 4-month-old infant presenting with stridor.

Clinical discussion

Early and proper diagnosis and surgical handling of hypopharynx cyst can help to achieve the best prognosis and outcome.

Conclusion

We present the successful management of a newborn with a pharyngeal duplication cyst. In our case, the temporary postoperative laryngeal nerve palsy resolved within four weeks. Overstretching of recurrent laryngeal nerve might have caused this complication.

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Surgical differential diagnoses of inspiratory and expiratory stridor in infants

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Therapeutic options to avoid relapse after surgery for neck duplication cysts

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Vocal cord paralysis caused by stretching may resolve

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Histological findings support the origin in the time of foregut separation

Isolated oropharyngeal abscess with hypopharyngeal extension recurring 12 years after initial surgical management: A case report and review of the literature

Pharyngeal abscesses require urgent management as they have the propensity to cause severe and life-threatening complications. The introduction of antibiotics has led to a dramatic decline in the incidence of these infections. Regardless, abscess formation continues to be observed in the peritonsillar, parapharyngeal, and retropharyngeal spaces. Oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal abscesses that cause airway obstruction are scarcely reported and tend to be secondary to other processes. Herein, we describe the case of an 83-year-old man presenting with an idiopathic, obstructive, oropharyngeal wall abscess, extending from the infratonsillar region to the hypopharynx, which recurred after initial surgical management 12 years prior for the same process. He required reintervention during both episodes for rapid reaccumulation. A detailed electronic literature search of PubMed and MedLine was performed for studies reporting on recurrent pharyngeal abscesses and their management. Results were limited to articles published in English from inception to August 2021. The timely management of pharyngeal infections acutely obstructing the airway is crucial. Physicians should adopt close and frequent monitoring and have a low threshold for reimaging should symptoms worsen or fail to improve after the initial surgical intervention.