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Järvenpää P, Kuuskoski J, Pietarinen P, Markkanen-Leppänen M, Freiberg H, Ruuskanen M, Rekola J, Ilmarinen T, Kinnari TJ, Autio TJ, Penttilä E, Muttilainen MS, Laaksonen A, Oksanen L, Geneid A, Aaltonen LM. Finnish Version of the Eating Assessment Tool (F-EAT-10): A Valid and Reliable Patient-reported Outcome Measure for Dysphagia Evaluation. Dysphagia 2021; 37:995-1007. [PMID: 34518933 PMCID: PMC9345834 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to validate a Finnish version of the Eating Assessment Tool (F-EAT-10) for clinical use and to test its reliability and validity in a multicenter nationwide study. Normative data were acquired from 180 non-dysphagic participants (median age 57.0 years, 62.2% female). Dysphagia patients (n = 117, median age 69.7 years, 53.0% female) referred to fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) completed F-EAT-10 before the examination and after 2 weeks. Patients underwent the 100-ml water swallow test (WST) and FEES was evaluated using the following three scales: the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and the Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale. An operative cohort of 19 patients (median age 75.8 years, 57.9% female) underwent an endoscopic operation on Zenker's diverticulum, tight cricopharyngeal muscle diagnosed in videofluorography, or both. Patients completed the F-EAT-10 preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The cut-off score for controls was < 3 (sensitivity 94.0%, specificity 96.1%) suggesting that ≥ 3 is abnormal. Re-questionnaires for test-retest reliability analysis were available from 92 FEES patients and 123 controls. The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for the total F-EAT-10 score (0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.95). Pearson correlation coefficients were strong (p < 0.001) for each of the questions and the total score. Internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach's alpha was excellent (0.95). Some correlations between findings in FEES and 100-ml WST with F-EAT-10 were observed. The change in subjective symptoms of operative patients paralleled the change in F-EAT-10. F-EAT-10 is a reliable, valid, and symptom-specific patient-reported outcome measure for assessing dysphagia among Finnish speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Järvenpää
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland.
| | - Jonna Kuuskoski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Petra Pietarinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Mari Markkanen-Leppänen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Hanna Freiberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miia Ruuskanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jami Rekola
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Ilmarinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Teemu J Kinnari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Timo J Autio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika S Muttilainen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Support, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Laaksonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Oksanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Geneid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
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