Microlaparoscopic pyloromyotomy in children: initial experiences with a new technique

Guidelines of the Italian Society of Videosurgery (SIVI) in Infancy for the minimally invasive treatment of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in neonates and infants

The most appropriate treatment for the infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) is still debated. The non-surgical conservative treatment with oral or intravenous administration of atropine does not enjoy a widespread appreciation for several factors (...).

Contemporary management of pyloric stenosis

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common surgical cause of vomiting in infants. Following appropriate fluid resuscitation, the mainstay of treatment is pyloromyotomy. This article reviews the aetiology and pathophysiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, its clinical presentation, the role of imaging, the preoperative and postoperative management, current surgical approaches and non-surgical treatment options. Contemporary postoperative feeding regimens, outcomes and complications are also discussed.

Awake caudals and epidurals should be used more frequently in neonates and infants

The current literature provides fundamental insights regarding the neurotoxic potency of various general anesthetic drugs in neonates and small infants. Therefore, considerations to minimize the use of general anesthetic drugs in this age group are required. The use of caudal and epidural anesthesia under sedation is one possibility to minimize the use of general anesthetic drugs. A large number of surgical procedures can be managed with this anesthetic concept. Training, practical hand skills, good infrastructure, a well-defined indication, and a team approach including the entire operation room staff are the major prerequisites to implement these techniques in the daily clinical practice. This review article discusses all present aspects and possible future evolutions of caudal and epidural anesthesia under sedation.

Trocarless laparoscopic pyloromyotomy with conventional instruments: Our experience

BACKGROUND

The incidence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is approximately 1-3 per 1,000 live births. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is seen more often in males, with a male-to female ratio of 4:1. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is becoming increasingly popular as the standard treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We describe our initial experience with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy in 16 infants using conventional laparoscopic instruments. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was performed through 5-mm umbilical port with 5mm 30 endoscope. Two 3-mm working instruments were inserted directly into the abdomen via separate lateral incisions.

RESULTS

All patients were prospectively evaluated. The procedure was performed in 16 infants with a mean age of 36 days and mean weight of 3.1 kg. All procedures, except two, were completed laparoscopically with standard instruments. Average operating time was 28 mins, and average postoperative length of stay was 2.8 days. There were no major intraoperative and postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION

Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy can be safely performed by using standard conventional laparoscopic trocarless instruments.

A review of postoperative feeding regimens in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition well known to pediatric surgeons. Postoperative length of hospital stay is a financial concern and remains a potential target for reduction in hospital costs. Ultimately, these costs are directly affected by the ability to effectively advance postoperative enteral nutrition. This review will serve to: 1) identify clinically relevant postoperative feeding patterns following pyloromyotomy, 2) review the relevant literature to determine an optimal feeding pattern, and 3) identify possible preoperative predictors that may determine the success of postoperative feeding regiments.

Comparison of a novel technique of the microlaparoscopic pyloromyotomy to circumbilical and Weber-Ramstedt approaches

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to compare the surgical results and outcomes of the newly inaugurated approach of microlaparoscopic pyloromyotomy with open techniques.

METHODS

The surgical charts of 110 infants (85 boys and 25 girls, ages ranging from 10 to 98 (average 28) days) undergoing pyloromyotomy microlaparoscopically (28), through the circumbilical approach (56), or via the right upper quadrant access (26) were reviewed. The variables were compared between the three surgical approach groups, and the statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS

There was a significant difference between Bianchi and microlaparoscopy in terms of operation time (average 38.5 vs. 20.5 min, p < 0.0001) and time to full enteral feed (average 48 vs. 32 h, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative length of stay (75 vs. 82 h, p = 0.12). The operative time for the surgeons experienced in microlaparoscopy was in average of 14 min (range, from 9 to 18 min). When comparing the Weber-Ramstedt procedure and microlaparoscopy, microlaparoscopy required significantly less operative time (50 vs. 20 min, p < 0.0001), a shorter time to full enteral feed (70 vs. 32 h, p < 0.001), and a shorter postoperative length of stay (90 vs. 82 h, p = 0.04). There were no cases of mucosal perforation or incomplete pyloromyotomy.

CONCLUSION

Despite the small sample size included in the present study, it seems that microlaparoscopic pyloromyotomy is safe and feasible with the lowest rate of complications and the shortest operative time. The Bianchi approach is a good alternative to achieve a small scar without laparoscopy.