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Fortuna L, Buccianti S, Risaliti M, Matarazzo F, Agostini C, Ringressi MN, Taddei A, Bartolini I, Grazi GL. Indocyanine Green and Hepatobiliary Surgery: An Overview of the Current Literature. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2024. [PMID: 39167475 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2024.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is an inert polypeptide that almost totally binds to high molecular weight plasma proteins; it is cleared by the hepatocytes and directly excreted into the bile with a half-life of about 3-5 minutes. Specific systems are required to see fluorescent images. The use of this dye has been reported in different surgical specialties, and the applications in hepatobiliary surgery are widening. Being firstly used to evaluate the preoperative liver function, intra- and postoperative dynamic checking of hepatic activity has been reported and integrated within perioperative protocols allowing a tailored treatment allocation. Intravenous injection (IV) or injection into the gallbladder can ease difficult cholecystectomy. Biliary leakage detection could be enhanced by IV ICG injection. Although with some contrasting results, the use of ICG for both delineating the limits of the resection and tumor-enhanced visualization was demonstrated to improve short- and long-term outcomes. Although the lack of strong evidence still precludes the introduction of this tool in clinical practice, it harbors great potential in liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fortuna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Buccianti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Risaliti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Matarazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Agostini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilenia Bartolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Grazi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Symeonidis S, Mantzoros I, Anestiadou E, Ioannidis O, Christidis P, Bitsianis S, Bisbinas V, Zapsalis K, Karastergiou T, Athanasiou D, Apostolidis S, Angelopoulos S. Near-infrared cholangiography with intragallbladder indocyanine green injection in minimally invasive cholecystectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1017-1029. [PMID: 38690057 PMCID: PMC11056669 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i4.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in adult and paediatric populations. Despite the advances made in intraoperative biliary anatomy recognition, iatrogenic bile duct injuries during LC represent a fatal complication and consist an economic burden for healthcare systems. A series of methods have been proposed to prevent bile duct injury, among them the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence. The most commonly reported method of ICG injection is the intravenous administration, while literature is lacking studies investigating the direct intragallbladder ICG injection. This narrative mini-review aims to assess the potential applications, usefulness, and limitations of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC. Authors screened the available international literature to identify the reports of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence imaging in minimally invasive cholecystectomy, as well as special issues regarding its use. Literature search retrieved four prospective cohort studies, three case-control studies, and one case report. In the three case-control studies selected, intragallbladder near-infrared cholangiography (NIRC) was compared with standard LC under white light, with intravenous administration of ICG for NIRC and with standard intraoperative cholangiography (IOC). In total, 133 patients reported in the literature have been administered intragallbladder ICG administration for biliary mapping during LC. Literature includes several reports of intragallbladder ICG administration, but a standardized technique has not been established yet. Published data suggest that NIRC with intragallbladder ICG injection is a promising method to achieve biliary mapping, overwhelming limitations of IOC including intervention and radiation exposure, as well as the high hepatic parenchyma signal and time interval needed in intravenous ICG fluorescence. Evidence-based guidelines on the role of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC require the assessment of further studies and multicenter data collection into large registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Symeonidis
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mantzoros
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Elissavet Anestiadou
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Orestis Ioannidis
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Christidis
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Stefanos Bitsianis
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bisbinas
- ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Zapsalis
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Trigona Karastergiou
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Dimitra Athanasiou
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Stylianos Apostolidis
- 1st Propedeutic Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Stamatios Angelopoulos
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
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Hou YK, Liu WK, Gao YB, Tian XD, Yang YM. Enhanced fluorescence cholangiography with indocyanine green: A methodology for reducing the potential hazard of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024:S1499-3872(24)00065-1. [PMID: 38704349 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei-Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yi-Bo Gao
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yin-Mo Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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Tzeng WJ, Lin YH, Hou TY, Yin SM, Lin YC, Liu YW, Liu YY, Li WF, Wang CC, Marescaux J, Diana M. Near-infrared cholangiography can increase the chance of success in laparoscopic approaches to common bile duct stones, even with previous abdominal surgery. BMC Surg 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 37454060 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is more technical demanding than laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), especially in patients with history of previous abdominal surgery, cholangitis or cholecystitis. Near-infrared (NIR) cholangiography via systemic or biliary tree administration of indocyanine green (ICG), which enhances the visualization of the biliary tree anatomy, may increase the reassurance of CBD localization. The aim of this study was to identify the benefit of near-infrared cholangiography for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). METHODS Three groups of CBD stone patients were included in this retrospective study depending on the surgical methods: 1) open choledocholithotomy (OCC), 2) laparoscopic choledocholithotomy (LCC), and 3) near-infrared cholangiography-assisted laparoscopic choledocholithotomy (NIR-CC). For the NIR-CC group, either 3 ml (concentration: 2.5 mg/mL) of ICG were intravenously administered or 10 ml (concentration: 0.125 mg/mL) of ICG were injected directly into the biliary tree. The enhancement rate of the cystic duct (CD), CBD, the upper and lower margin of the CBD were compared using white light image. RESULTS A total of 187 patients with a mean age of 68.3 years were included (OCC, n = 56; LCC, n = 110; NIR-CC, n = 21). The rate of previous abdominal surgery was significantly lower in the LCC group. The conversion rate was similar between the LCC and the NIR CC groups (p = 0.746). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the OCC group. No differences in morbidity and mortality were found between the three groups. In the NIR-CC group, the localization of CBD was as high as 85% compared to 24% with white light imaging. CONCLUSIONS Near-infrared cholangiography helps increase the chance of success in minimally invasive approaches to CBD stones even in patients with previous abdominal surgeries, without increasing the rate of conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Juo Tzeng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yuan Hou
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Yin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Wei Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Feng Li
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France
- ICube Lab, Photonics for Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Gavriilidis P, Edwin B, Pelanis E, Hidalgo E, de'Angelis N, Memeo R, Aldrighetti L, Sutcliffe RP. Navigated liver surgery: State of the art and future perspectives. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:226-233. [PMID: 34544668 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the development of digital imaging technology has had a significant influence in liver surgery. The ability to obtain a 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of the liver anatomy has provided surgery with virtual reality of simulation 3D computer models, 3D printing models and more recently holograms and augmented reality (when virtual reality knowledge is superimposed onto reality). In addition, the utilization of real-time fluorescent imaging techniques based on indocyanine green (ICG) uptake allows clinicians to precisely delineate the liver anatomy and/or tumors within the parenchyma, applying the knowledge obtained preoperatively through digital imaging. The combination of both has transformed the abstract thinking until now based on 2D imaging into a 3D preoperative conception (virtual reality), enhanced with real-time visualization of the fluorescent liver structures, effectively facilitating intraoperative navigated liver surgery (augmented reality). DATA SOURCES A literature search was performed from inception until January 2021 in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane library and database for systematic reviews (CDSR), Google Scholar, and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) databases. RESULTS Fifty-one pertinent articles were retrieved and included. The different types of digital imaging technologies and the real-time navigated liver surgery were estimated and compared. CONCLUSIONS ICG fluorescent imaging techniques can contribute essentially to the real-time definition of liver segments; as a result, precise hepatic resection can be guided by the presence of fluorescence. Furthermore, 3D models can help essentially to further advancing of precision in hepatic surgery by permitting estimation of liver volume and functional liver remnant, delineation of resection lines along the liver segments and evaluation of tumor margins. In liver transplantation and especially in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), 3D printed models of the donor's liver and models of the recipient's hilar anatomy can contribute further to improving the results. In particular, pediatric LDLT abdominal cavity models can help to manage the largest challenge of this procedure, namely large-for-size syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Gavriilidis
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Bjørn Edwin
- The Intervention Centre and Department of HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egidijus Pelanis
- The Intervention Centre and Department of HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ernest Hidalgo
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), 94010 Créteil and University of Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Miulli Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari 70021, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Robert P Sutcliffe
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TH, UK
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Matsumura M, Kawaguchi Y, Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi K, Ishizawa T, Akamatsu N, Kaneko J, Arita J, Kokudo N, Hasegawa K. Indocyanine green administration a day before surgery may increase bile duct detectability on fluorescence cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 28:202-210. [PMID: 33091224 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal indocyanine green (ICG) administration protocol for fluorescence cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has yet to be determined. METHODS A prospective study including 20 cases of ICG fluorescence-navigated LC was conducted. Accordingly, the first 10 patients were administered 2.5 mg of ICG on the day of surgery after intubation (surgery-day group), while the remaining 10 consecutive patients were administered 0.25 mg/kg of ICG on the evening before surgery (one-day-before group). Fluorescence intensity (FI) of each tissue and FI ratios were then compared between both groups. RESULTS The median interval between observation and ICG administration was 27 minutes and 16 hours 24 minutes in the surgery-day and one-day-before group, respectively. Although FI values for the common bile duct (CBD), liver, and hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL) were significantly lower in the one-day-before group than in the surgery-day group, CBD- , 0.6-1.2 vs 2.5, 0.9 = -4.8; P < .001), and CBD-HDL contrast (1.7, 1.4-2.4 vs 2.3, 1.5-13.3; P = .038) were significantly higher in the one-day-before group than in the surgery-day group. CONCLUSION ICG administration a day before LC may offer better CBD background contrast compared to administration just prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Matsumura
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Kawaguchi
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kobayashi
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishizawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Akamatsu
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kaneko
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Agnus V, Pesce A, Boni L, Van Den Bos J, Morales-Conde S, Paganini AM, Quaresima S, Balla A, La Greca G, Plaudis H, Moretto G, Castagnola M, Santi C, Casali L, Tartamella L, Saadi A, Picchetto A, Arezzo A, Marescaux J, Diana M. Fluorescence-based cholangiography: preliminary results from the IHU-IRCAD-EAES EURO-FIGS registry. Surg Endosc 2020; 34:3888-3896. [PMID: 31591654 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRF-C) is a popular application of fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS). NIRF-C requires near-infrared optimized laparoscopes and the injection of a fluorophore, most frequently Indocyanine Green (ICG), to highlight the biliary anatomy. It is investigated as a tool to increase safety during cholecystectomy. The European registry on FIGS (EURO-FIGS: www.euro-figs.eu ) aims to obtain a snapshot of the current practices of FIGS across Europe. Data on NIRF-C are presented. METHODS EURO-FIGS is a secured online database which collects anonymized data on surgical procedures performed using FIGS. Data collected for NIRF-C include gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), pathology, NIR device, ICG dose, ICG timing of administration before intraoperative visualization, visualization (Y/N) of biliary structures such as the cystic duct (CD), the common bile duct (CBD), the CD-CBD junction, the common hepatic duct (CHD), Visualization scores, adverse reactions to ICG, operative time, and surgical complications. RESULTS Fifteen surgeons (12 European surgical centers) uploaded 314 cases of NIRF-C during cholecystectomy (cholelithiasis n = 249, cholecystitis n = 58, polyps n = 7), using 4 different NIR devices. ICG doses (mg/kg) varied largely (mean 0.28 ± 0.17, median 0.3, range: 0.02-0.62). Similarly, injection-to-visualization timing (minutes) varied largely (mean 217 ± 357; median 57), ranging from 1 min (direct intragallbladder injection in 2 cases) to 3120 min (n = 2 cases). Visualization scores before dissection were significantly correlated, at univariate analysis, with ICG timing (all structures), ICG dose (CD-CBD), device (CD and CD-CBD), surgeon (CD and CD-CBD), and pathology (CD and CD-CBD). BMI was not correlated. At multivariate analysis, pathology and timing remained significant factors affecting the visualization scores of all three structures, whereas ICG dose remained correlated with HD visualization only. CONCLUSIONS The EURO-FIGS registry has confirmed a wide disparity in ICG dose and timing in NIRF-C. EURO-FIGS can represent a valuable tool to promote and monitor FIGS-related educational and consensus activities in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Agnus
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonio Pesce
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "Ingrassia", Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Boni
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS - Ca' Granda - University Hospital of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Van Den Bos
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Salvador Morales-Conde
- Unit of Innovation in Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital "Virgen del Rocio", University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alessandro M Paganini
- Obesity and Minimally Invasive Surgery Division, Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Surgery, and Organ Transplantation, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Quaresima
- Obesity and Minimally Invasive Surgery Division, Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Surgery, and Organ Transplantation, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Balla
- Obesity and Minimally Invasive Surgery Division, Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Surgery, and Organ Transplantation, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "Ingrassia", Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Haralds Plaudis
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital "Gailezers", Riga, Latvia
| | - Gianluigi Moretto
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Santi
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Ospedale di Fidenza, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casali
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Ospedale di Fidenza, Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Tartamella
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Ospedale di Fidenza, Parma, Italy
| | - Alend Saadi
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Picchetto
- General and Colorectal Surgery Division, Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Arezzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, 1, Place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, 1, Place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Gené Škrabec C, Pardo Aranda F, Espín F, Cremades M, Navinés J, Zárate A, Cugat E. Fluorescent cholangiography with direct injection of indocyanine green (ICG) into the gallbladder: a safety method to outline biliary anatomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2020; 405:827-832. [PMID: 32827267 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-01967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Near infrared cholangiography (NIRC) with indocyanine green (ICG) directly injected into the gallbladder is a novel technique to outline biliary anatomy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the usefulness and feasibility of NIRC as a safety method during laparoscopic cholecystectomies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-controlled study comparing 20 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies with NIRC with direct injection of ICG into the gallbladder to 20 consecutive standard cholecystectomies. Operative time, length of stay, complications, conversion rates, and biliary injury were analyzed. RESULTS Both groups were comparable in epidemiological characteristics. In the ICG group fluorescent visualization of the junction of the Hartmann pouch and the whole cystic duct was achieved in 16 (80%) patients. Median surgical time was 65 (50-76) and 55 (45-71) min for the ICG and the control group, respectively (p = 0.113). There were no postoperative complications and no biliary duct injuries in any of the groups, and a patient from both groups underwent conversion to open surgery. CONCLUSION NIRC with direct injection of ICG into the gallbladder is a feasible method that is not time-consuming; it does not require a different learning curve from standard laparoscopic cholecystectomies and has no major complications described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gené Škrabec
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Pardo Aranda
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Espín
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Cremades
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Navinés
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Zárate
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Cugat
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu Y, Peng Y, Su S, Fang C, Qin S, Wang X, Xia X, Li B, He P. A meta-analysis of indocyanine green fluorescence image-guided laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:101948. [PMID: 32771612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of indocyanine green fluorescence image-guided laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease. METHODS Clinical studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, and the Web of Science databases. Study-specific effect sizes and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to calculate the pooled values, using fixed-effects or random-effects models. RESULTS Eleven studies with combined total of 2221 patients were included. Compared to the control group, the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided group experienced shorter operative time (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.30; 95 % CI = -0.45 - -0.15; P < 0.001), shorter biliary anatomy identification time (SMD = -2.34; 95 % CI = -2.58 - -2.10; P < 0.001), lower blood loss (SMD = -0.14; 95 % CI = -0.26 - -0.01; P = 0.035), higher success rate of biliary tract imaging (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; 95 % CI = 1.09-5.12; P = 0.029), lower rate of conversion to open surgery (OR = 0.10; 95 % CI = 0.04 - 0.28; P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (SMD = -0.23; 95 % CI = -0.39 - -0.06, P = 0.008), and lower biliary tract imaging costs (SMD = -247.88; 95 % CI, -274.31--221.45, P = 0.000). Postoperative complications did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that indocyanine green fluorescence biliary tract imaging is a safe and feasible new way for biliary tract identification in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Leshan, Sichuan, Leshan, 614000, China
| | - Yisheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Song Su
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Xianming Xia
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Academician(Expert)Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Academician(Expert)Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Pan He
- Department of General Surgery(Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China; Academician(Expert)Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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10
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Rungsakulkij N, Thewmorakot S, Suragul W, Vassanasiri W, Tangtawee P, Muangkaew P, Mingphruedhi S, Aeesoa S. Fluorescence cholangiography enhances surgical residents’ biliary delineation skill for laparoscopic cholecystectomies. World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12:93-103. [PMID: 32218892 PMCID: PMC7061241 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i3.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a minimally invasive procedure, often performed by surgical residents (SRs). Fluorescence cholangiography (FC) enables real-time identification of biliary anatomy.
AIM To investigate the benefit of FC for enhancing SRs’ identification skills.
METHODS Prospective data was collected from January 2018 to June 2018 at our hospital. The study cohorts were the SRs (study group, n = 15) and the surgical staff (SS; control group, n = 9). Participants were assigned to watch videos of LCs with FC from five different patients who had gallbladder disease, and identify structures in the video clips (including cystic duct, common bile duct, common hepatic duct, and cystic artery), first without FC, and then with FC.
RESULTS In the without-FC phase, the overall misidentification rate by SRs (21.7%) was greater than that of the SS (11.8%; P = 0.018), However, in the FC phase, the two groups did not significantly differ in misidentification rates (23.3% vs 23.3%, P = 0.99). Paired-structure analysis of the without-FC and with-FC phases for the SR group found a significantly higher misidentification rate in the without-FC phase than the with-FC phase (21.9% vs 10.9%; P < 0.01). However, misidentification rates in the with-FC phase did not significantly differ between SRs and SS.
CONCLUSION FC enhanced identification skills of inexperienced surgeons during LC compared with conventional training. Combined with simulation-based video training, FC is a promising tool for enhancing technical and decision skills of trainees and inexperienced surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narongsak Rungsakulkij
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Thewmorakot
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wikran Suragul
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Watoo Vassanasiri
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongsatorn Tangtawee
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Paramin Muangkaew
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somkit Mingphruedhi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suraida Aeesoa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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11
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Wu D, Xue D, Zhou J, Wang Y, Feng Z, Xu J, Lin H, Qian J, Cai X. Extrahepatic cholangiography in near-infrared II window with the clinically approved fluorescence agent indocyanine green: a promising imaging technology for intraoperative diagnosis. Theranostics 2020; 10:3636-3651. [PMID: 32206113 PMCID: PMC7069080 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Biliary tract injury remains the most dreaded complication during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. New intraoperative guidance technologies, including near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence cholangiography with indocyanine green (ICG), are under comprehensive evaluation. Previous studies had shown the limitations of traditional NIR light (NIR-I, 700-900 nm) in visualizing the biliary tract structures in specific clinical situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of performing the extrahepatic cholangiography in the second NIR window (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) and compare it to the conventional NIR-I imaging. Methods: The absorption and emission spectra, as well as fluorescence intensity and photostability of ICG-bile solution in the NIR-II window were recorded and measured. In vitro intralipid® phantom imaging was performed to evaluate tissue penetrating depth in NIR-I and NIR-II window. Different clinical scenarios were modeled by broadening the penetration distance or generating bile duct injuries, and bile duct visualization and lesion site diagnosis in the NIR-II window were evaluated and compared with NIR-I imaging. Results: The fluorescence spectrum of ICG-bile solution extends well into the NIR-II region, exhibiting intense emission value and excellent photostability sufficient for NIR-II biliary tract imaging. Extrahepatic cholangiography using ICG in the NIR-II window obviously reduced background signal and enhanced penetration depth, providing more structural information and improved visualization of the bile duct or lesion location in simulated clinical scenarios, outperforming the NIR-I window imaging. Conclusions: The conventional clinically approved agent ICG is an excellent fluorophore for NIR-II bile duct imaging. Fluorescence cholangiography with ICG in the NIR-II window could provide adequate visualization of the biliary tract structures with increased resolution and penetration depth and might be a valid option to increase the safety of cholecystectomy in difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Dingwei Xue
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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12
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Abstract
A correct lymph node (LN) staging is essential in oncological surgery. Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) guided sentinel lymph node (SLN) navigation is a relatively novel technique. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of ICG-NIRF on identification of LN metastases of gastrointestinal tumors. The Scopus and PubMed/MEDLINE literature databases were searched and 20 studies were included. The ICG-NIRF navigation of LN has been shown to enable and improve LN detection in gastrointestinal tumors; however, the mean detection, sensitivity, accuracy and false negative rates show substantial variation. This could be due to both the heterogeneous techniques applied and to the low retention of ICG by lymph nodes. Fluorescence imaging to identify LN drainage is a promising tool to improve oncological outcomes. Nonetheless, the technique requires further development in terms of hardware, software and fluorophores, which are currently being investigated.
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13
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Quaresima S, Balla A, Palmieri L, Seitaj A, Fingerhut A, Ursi P, Paganini AM. Routine near infra-red indocyanine green fluorescent cholangiography versus intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case-matched comparison. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:1959-1967. [PMID: 31309307 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to evaluate safety and efficacy of near infra-red (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence structural imaging during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) (Group A) and to compare perioperative data, including operative time, with a series of patients who underwent LC with routine traditional intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) (Group B). METHODS Forty-four patients with acute or chronic cholecystitis underwent NIR-ICG fluorescent cholangiography during LC. ICG was administered intravenously at different time intervals or by direct gallbladder injection during surgery. Fluorescence intensity and anatomy identification were scored according to a visual analogue scale between 1 (least accurate) and 5 (most accurate). Group B patients (n = 44) were chosen from a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent LC with routine IOC, matched for age, sex, body mass index, and diagnosis with group A patients. RESULTS No adverse reactions were recorded. In group A, mean time between intravenous administration of ICG and surgery was 10.7 ± 8.2 (range 2-52) h. Administered doses ranged from 3.5 to 13.5 mg. Fluorescence was present in all cases, scoring ≥ 3 in 41 patients. Mean operative time was 86.9 ± 36.9 (30-180) min in group A and 117.9 ± 43.4 (40-220) min in group B (p = 0.0006). No conversion to open surgery nor bile duct injuries were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS LC with NIR-ICG fluorescent cholangiography is safe and effective for early recognition of anatomical landmarks, reducing operative time as compared to LC with IOC, even when residents were the main operator. NIR-ICG fluorescent cholangiography was effective in patients with acute cholecystitis and in the obese. Data collection into large registries on the results of NIR-ICG fluorescent cholangiography during LC should be encouraged to establish whether this technique might set a new safety standard for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Quaresima
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Balla
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ardit Seitaj
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Abe Fingerhut
- Section for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital and Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Pietro Ursi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Paganini
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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14
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Yoshiya S, Minagawa R, Kamo K, Kasai M, Taketani K, Yukaya T, Kimura Y, Koga T, Kai M, Kajiyama K, Yoshizumi T. Usability of Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging with Indocyanine Green During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage. World J Surg 2019; 43:127-133. [PMID: 30105635 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with persistent symptoms of acute cholecystitis for >72 h who cannot undergo urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) often undergo percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) and delayed LC. However, intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence with indocyanine green (ICG) has recently become available in various surgical settings. Therefore, we evaluated the usability of intraoperative fluorescence imaging with ICG for LC after PTGBD in patients with acute cholecystitis. METHODS The preoperative and postoperative clinical characteristics of patients who underwent LC after PTGBD were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In total, 130 patients were reviewed. Intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging was used in 39 (30.0%) patients, and none developed adverse reactions. Patients with ICG fluorescence imaging had a significantly shorter operative time (129 ± 46 vs. 150 ± 56 min, p = 0.0455), markedly lower conversion rate (2.6% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.0017), and lower proportion of subtotal cholecystectomy (0.0% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.0359) than patients without ICG fluorescence imaging. Independent risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during LC after PTGBD were the performance of PTGBD after 48 h from onset (OR 3.52; 95% CI 1.11-12.21; p = 0.0322), an unremoved PTGBD tube on LC (4.48, 1.46-15.00, p = 0.0084), and surgery without ICG (8.00, 1.28-159.47, p = 0.0231). CONCLUSION Intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging produced better surgical outcomes without any adverse reactions. Early performance of PTGBD and intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging can reduce the surgical difficulties in LC after PTGBD for acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan. .,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Minagawa
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kamo
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Meidai Kasai
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Taketani
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yukaya
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Yasue Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Tadashi Koga
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Kai
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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15
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Ambe PC, Plambeck J, Fernandez-Jesberg V, Zarras K. The role of indocyanine green fluoroscopy for intraoperative bile duct visualization during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an observational cohort study in 70 patients. Patient Saf Surg 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30651756 PMCID: PMC6330420 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-019-0182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bile duct injury is the most feared complication during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Real-time intraoperative imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) might reduce the risk of bile duct injury by improving visualization of the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We compared the outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with and without real-time ICG. Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without ICG in a referral centre for minimally invasive surgery was performed. We hypothesized that laparoscopic cholecystectomy with real-time ICG enables a better identification of the biliary tree and thus increases surgical safety. The outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without ICG were compared using the duration of surgery, the rate of bile duct injury, the rate of conversion, complications and the length of stay. Results Seventy patients including 29 with and 41 without ICG underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy within the period of investigation. The median duration of surgery was 53.0 vs. 54.0 min while the median length of stay was 2.0 d in the group with and without ICG respectively. The rate of conversion was 2.4% in the group without ICG, while no conversion was performed in the group with ICG. NO bile duct injury occurred in both groups. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with real-time indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography enables a better visualization and identification of biliary tree and therefore should be considered as a means of increasing the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Ambe
- 1Department of Visceral, Minimally Invasive and Oncologic Surgery, Marien Hospital Düsseldorf, Rochusstr. 2, 40479, Düsseldorf, Germany.,2Department of Medicine Faculty of health, Witten / Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Jens Plambeck
- 1Department of Visceral, Minimally Invasive and Oncologic Surgery, Marien Hospital Düsseldorf, Rochusstr. 2, 40479, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Victoria Fernandez-Jesberg
- 1Department of Visceral, Minimally Invasive and Oncologic Surgery, Marien Hospital Düsseldorf, Rochusstr. 2, 40479, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zarras
- 1Department of Visceral, Minimally Invasive and Oncologic Surgery, Marien Hospital Düsseldorf, Rochusstr. 2, 40479, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Mascagni P, Longo F, Barberio M, Seeliger B, Agnus V, Saccomandi P, Hostettler A, Marescaux J, Diana M. New intraoperative imaging technologies: Innovating the surgeon’s eye toward surgical precision. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:265-282. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mascagni
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
| | - Fabio Longo
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
| | - Manuel Barberio
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
| | - Barbara Seeliger
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
| | - Vincent Agnus
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer; Strasbourg France
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
| | | | - Jacques Marescaux
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer; Strasbourg France
| | - Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery; Strasbourg France
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer; Strasbourg France
- Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery; University of Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
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17
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Baiocchi GL, Diana M, Boni L. Indocyanine green-based fluorescence imaging in visceral and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: State of the art and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2921-2930. [PMID: 30038461 PMCID: PMC6054946 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) to treat benign and malignant visceral, hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms has significantly increased. FGS relies on the fluorescence signal emitted by injected substances (fluorophores) after being illuminated by ad hoc laser sources to help guide the surgical procedure and provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of the fluorescent structures of interest that would be otherwise invisible. This review surveys and discusses the most common and emerging clinical applications of indocyanine green (ICG)-based fluorescence in visceral, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. The analysis, findings, and discussion presented here rely on the authors' significant experience with this technique in their medical institutions, an up-to-date review of the most relevant articles published on this topic between 2014 and 2018, and lengthy discussions with key opinion leaders in the field during recent conferences and congresses. For each application, the benefits and limitations of this technique, as well as applicable future directions, are described. The imaging of fluorescence emitted by ICG is a simple, fast, relatively inexpensive, and harmless tool with numerous different applications in surgery for both neoplasms and benign pathologies of the visceral and hepatobiliary systems. The ever-increasing availability of visual systems that can utilize this tool will transform some of these applications into the standard of care in the near future. Further studies are needed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each application of ICG-based fluorescence imaging in abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Baiocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia 25125, Italy
| | - Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg 67000, France
- IRCAD, Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Luigi Boni
- General and Emergency Surgery, IRCCS - Ca’ Granda - Policlinico Hospital, Milan 20122, Italy
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18
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Pesce A, Latteri S, Barchitta M, Portale TR, Di Stefano B, Agodi A, Russello D, Puleo S, La Greca G. Near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography - real-time visualization of the biliary tree during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. HPB (Oxford) 2018; 20:538-545. [PMID: 29292071 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (FC) in real-time visualization of the biliary tree during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS Fifty consecutive elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed with fluorescent cholangiography. FC was performed at three time points: following exposure of Calot's triangle, prior to any dissection; and after partial and complete dissection of Calot's triangle. RESULTS The cystic duct (CD) was identified successfully by FC in 43 of 50 patients (86%) and in 45 of 50 patients (90%) before and after Calot's dissection respectively (p > 0.05). The common hepatic duct (CHD) and the common bile duct (CBD) were identified successfully in 12 of 50 patients (24%) and in 33 of 50 patients (66%) before Calot's dissection respectively and in 26 of 50 patients (52%) and in 47 of 50 patients (94%) after complete Calot's dissection (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Significant differences were observed for CBD visualization rate, in relation to BMI after Calot's dissection (p < 0.05) and history of cholecystitis, before Calot's dissection (p = 0.017). No bile duct injuries were reported. CONCLUSION Fluorescent cholangiography can be considered as a useful tool for intra-operative visualization of the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pesce
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa R Portale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Biagio Di Stefano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Russello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Puleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 84, 95123 Catania, Italy
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van den Bos J, Wieringa FP, Bouvy ND, Stassen LPS. Optimizing the image of fluorescence cholangiography using ICG: a systematic review and ex vivo experiments. Surg Endosc 2018; 32:4820-4832. [PMID: 29777357 PMCID: PMC6208701 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Though often only briefly described in the literature, there are clearly factors that have an influence on the fluorescence intensity, and thereby the usefulness of the technique. This article aims to provide an overview of the factors influencing the fluorescence intensity of fluorescence imaging with Indocyanine green, primarily focussed on NIRF guided cholangiography. Methods A systematic search was conducted to gain an overview of currently used methods in NIRF imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Relevant literature was searched to gain advice on what methods to use. Ex vivo experiments were performed to assess various factors that influence fluorescence intensity and whether the found clinical advices can be confirmed. Results ICG is currently the most widely applied fluorescent dye. Optimal ICG concentration lies between 0.00195 and 0.025 mg/ml, and this dose should be given as early as achievable—but maximum 24 h—before surgery. When holding the laparoscope closer and perpendicular to the dye, the signal is most intense. In patients with a higher BMI and/or cholecystitis, fluorescence intensity is lower, but NIRF seems to be more helpful. There are differences between various marketed fluorescence systems. Also, no uniform method to assess fluorescence intensity is available yet. Conclusions This study identified and discussed several factors that influence the signal of fluorescence cholangiography. These factors should be taken into account when using NIRF cholangiography. Also, surgeons should be aware of new dyes and clinical systems, in order to benefit most from the potential of NIRF imaging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00464-018-6233-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline van den Bos
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fokko P Wieringa
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,imec the Netherlands, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole D Bouvy
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurents P S Stassen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Diana M. Cirugía guiada por fluorescencia aplicada al aparato digestivo: el ojo cibernético permite ver lo invisible. Cir Esp 2018; 96:65-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Though laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was highly criticized in its early stages, it quickly grew to become a new standard of care and has revolutionized the field of general surgery. Now emerging robotic technology is making its way into the minimally invasive arena. Robotic cholecystectomy (RC) is often disparaged as a costly technology that can lead to increased operative times with outcomes that are quite similar to LC. However, this perspective is skewed as many existing studies were performed in the early phase of learning for this procedure. RC can be performed in a cost-effective manner as the volume of robotic procedures increases. In addition, improved visualization and capability to perform fluorescence cholangiography can improve the safety profile of cholecystectomy to a level that has not yet been achieved with conventional laparoscopy. Advanced simulation technology for robotic surgery, and newer single-site robotic platforms have the potential to further revolutionize this technology and lead to improved patient satisfaction. In this review, we will present current data, trends, and controversies in robotic-assisted cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Zaman
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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22
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Diana M. Enabling precision digestive surgery with fluorescence imaging. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:97. [PMID: 29264435 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2017.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.,IRCAD, Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg, France.,Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Maker AV, Kunda N. A Technique to Define Extrahepatic Biliary Anatomy Using Robotic Near-Infrared Fluorescent Cholangiography. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:1961-1962. [PMID: 28585107 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile duct injury is a rare but serious complication of minimally invasive cholecystectomy. Traditionally, intraoperative cholangiogram has been used in difficult cases to help delineate anatomical structures, however, new imaging modalities are currently available to aid in the identification of extrahepatic biliary anatomy, including near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIFC) using indocyanine green (ICG).1-5 The objective of the study was to evaluate if this technique may aid in safe dissection to obtain the critical view. METHODS Thirty-five consecutive multiport robotic cholecystectomies using NIFC with ICG were performed using the da Vinci Firefly Fluorescence Imaging System. All patients received 2.5 mg ICG intravenously at the time of intubation, followed by patient positioning, draping, and establishment of pneumoperitoneum. No structures were divided until the critical view of safety was achieved. Real-time toggling between NIFC and bright-light illumination was utilized throughout the case to define the extrahepatic biliary anatomy. RESULTS ICG was successfully administered to all patients without complication, and in all cases the extrahepatic biliary anatomy was able to be identified in real-time 3D. All procedures were completed without biliary injury, conversion to an open procedure, or need for traditional cholangiography to obtain the critical view. Specific examples of cases where x-ray cholangiography or conversion to open was avoided and NIFC aided in safe dissection leading to the critical view are demonstrated, including (1) evaluation for aberrant biliary anatomy, (2) confirmation of non-biliary structures, and (3) use in cases where the infundibulum is fused to the common bile duct. CONCLUSION NIFC using ICG is demonstrated as a useful technique to rapidly identify and aid in the visualization of extrahepatic biliary anatomy. Techniques that selectively utilize this technology specifically in difficult cases where the anatomy is unclear are demonstrated in order to obtain the critical view of safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay V Maker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave. MC790, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Creticos Cancer Center at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nicholas Kunda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave. MC790, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, Creticos Cancer Center at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yoon SY, Lee CM, Song TJ, Han HJ, Kim S. A new fluorescence imaging technique for visualizing hepatobiliary structures using sodium fluorescein: result of a preclinical study in a rat model. Surg Endosc 2017; 32:2076-2083. [PMID: 29067576 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared fluorescence imaging has been recently applied in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. Our objective was to apply blue light fluorescence imaging to cholangiography and liver mapping during laparoscopic surgery. Therefore, we designed a preclinical study to evaluate the feasibility of using blue light fluorescence for cholangiography and liver mapping in a rat model. METHODS Sodium fluorescein solution (1 mL to each individual) were administered intravenously to 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old, 200-250 g), after laparotomy. Whole abdominal organs were observed under blue light (at a wavelength of 440-490 nm) emitted from a commercialized LED curing light. RESULTS Immediately after the tracer solution was administered into the circulatory system of the rat, it was possible to visualize the location of the kidneys and the bile duct under blue light emitted from the light source. The liver was vaguely stained green by the tracer, while the ureters were not. After establishing biliary retention via duct clamping in the left lateral segment of the liver, the green color of the segment became distinct by the tracer, which showed vague coloration following release of the clamp. CONCLUSION We established the preclinical basis for using blue light fluorescence cholangiography and liver mapping in this study. The clinical feasibility of these techniques during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hepatectomy remained to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Youl Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Han
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seonghan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Prospective Evaluation of Precision Multimodal Gallbladder Surgery Navigation: Virtual Reality, Near-infrared Fluorescence, and X-ray-based Intraoperative Cholangiography. Ann Surg 2017; 266:890-897. [PMID: 28742709 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to prospectively evaluate NIR-C, VR-AR, and x-ray intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during robotic cholecystectomy. BACKGROUND Near-infrared cholangiography (NIR-C) provides real-time, radiation-free biliary anatomy enhancement. Three-dimensional virtual reality (VR) biliary anatomy models can be obtained via software manipulation of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, enabling preoperative VR exploration, and intraoperative augmented reality (AR) navigation. METHODS Fifty-eight patients were scheduled for cholecystectomy for gallbladder lithiasis. VR surgical planning was performed on virtual models. At anesthesia induction, indocyanine green was injected intravenously. AR navigation was obtained by overlaying the virtual model onto real-time images. Before and after Calot triangle dissection, NIR-C was obtained by turning the camera to NIR mode. Finally, an IOC was performed. The 3 modality performances were evaluated and image quality was assessed with a Likert-scale questionnaire. RESULTS The three-dimensional VR planning enabled the identification of 12 anatomical variants in 8 patients, of which only 7 were correctly reported by the radiologists (P = 0.037). A dangerous variant identified at VR induced a "fundus first" approach. The cystic-common bile duct junction was visualized before Calot triangle dissection at VR in 100% of cases, at NIR-C in 98.15%, and in 96.15% at IOC.Mean time to obtain relevant images was shorter with NIR-C versus AR (P = 0.008) and versus IOC (P = 0.00000003). Image quality scores were lower with NIR-C versus AR (P = 0.018) and versus IOC (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This high-tech protocol illustrates the multimodal imaging of biliary anatomy towards precision cholecystectomy. Those visualization techniques could complement to reduce the likelihood of biliary injuries (NCT01881399).
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26
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Liu YY, Liao CH, Diana M, Wang SY, Kong SH, Yeh CN, Dallemagne B, Marescaux J, Yeh TS. Near-infrared cholecystocholangiography with direct intragallbladder indocyanine green injection: preliminary clinical results. Surg Endosc 2017; 32:1506-1514. [PMID: 28916859 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence cholangiography by systemic administration of indocyanine green (ICG) enhances the visualization of the biliary tree anatomy. However, the simultaneous enhancement of liver parenchyma can disturb the visualization of critical details. We herein proposed a new technique of NIR cholecystocholangiography by intragallbladder ICG injection to increase the safety during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS A total of 46 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic lithiasis (n = 21) or cholecystitis (n = 25) were enrolled. A fluorescence cholangiography by direct gallbladder injection of ICG was performed in all cases. Of them, the ICG was injected through a previously placed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage catheter (n = 18) or by intraoperative, percutaneous needle puncture of the gallbladder (n = 28). Visualization of biliary structures, including the cystic duct (CD), the common bile and hepatic ducts (CBD and CHD), the gallbladder neck, and the Hartmann's pouch (HP), was performed using White Light (served as control modality) and by NIR enhancement. RESULTS Cholecystocholangiography provided a significantly higher rate of visualization of the CD in case of cholecystitis with mild adhesions, and an improved visualization of the HP, CBD, and CHD in case of severe inflammation, when compared to White Light observation. There were no benefits of NIR in case of non-inflamed lithiasis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical translation of NIR cholecystocholangiography has been successful with a noise-free visualization of biliary anatomy. It can be considered in difficult cases to increase the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, #5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, #5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michele Diana
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg, France. .,Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, 1, Place de l'Hôpital, 67095, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, #5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, 1, Place de l'Hôpital, 67095, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, #5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bernard Dallemagne
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, 1, Place de l'Hôpital, 67095, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, #5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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27
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SAGES Technology and Value Assessment Committee safety and effectiveness analysis on immunofluorescence in the operating room for biliary visualization and perfusion assessment. Surg Endosc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Graves C, Ely S, Idowu O, Newton C, Kim S. Direct Gallbladder Indocyanine Green Injection Fluorescence Cholangiography During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2017; 27:1069-1073. [PMID: 28574801 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2017.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) is used to illuminate extrahepatic biliary anatomy. Fluorescence of biliary structures may lower surgical complications that can arise due to inadvertent injury to the common bile duct. We describe a method of injecting ICG directly into the gallbladder to define the cystic duct and common bile duct anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed using a laparoscope with near-infrared imaging capability. Before dissection, the gallbladder was punctured with a cholangiogram catheter or a pigtail catheter to aspirate the bile within the gallbladder. The aspirated bile is mixed with ICG solution, which is reinjected into the gallbladder to fluoresce the gallbladder, cystic duct, and common bile duct structures. RESULTS Eleven patients underwent direct gallbladder ICG injection for fluorescence cholangiography during cholecystectomy. Direct gallbladder ICG injection clearly defined the extrahepatic biliary anatomy, including the cystic duct-common bile duct junction, by fluorescence. In addition, the dissection plane between the gallbladder and the liver is highlighted with the gallbladder ICG fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS Direct gallbladder ICG injection provides immediate visualization of extrahepatic biliary structures and clarifies the dissection plane between the gallbladder and the liver bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Graves
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals , Oakland and San Francisco, California
| | - Sora Ely
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals , Oakland and San Francisco, California
| | - Olajire Idowu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals , Oakland and San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher Newton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals , Oakland and San Francisco, California
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals , Oakland and San Francisco, California
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Kim NS, Jin HY, Kim EY, Hong TH. Cystic duct variation detected by near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg Treat Res 2016; 92:47-50. [PMID: 28090506 PMCID: PMC5234427 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.92.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIRFC) is an emerging technique for easy intraoperative recognition of biliary anatomy. We present a case of cystic duct variation detected by NIRFC which had a potential risk for biliary injury if not detected. A 32-year-old female was admitted to the Seoul St. Mary's Hospital for surgery for an incidental gallbladder polyp. We performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy with NIRFC. In fluorescence mode, a long cystic duct and an accessory short hepatic duct joining to the cystic duct were found and the operation was completed safely. The patient recovered successfully. NIRFC is expected to be a promising procedure that will help minimize biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Seok Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Lavazza M, Liu X, Wu C, Anuwong A, Kim HY, Liu R, Randolph GW, Inversini D, Boni L, Rausei S, Frattini F, Dionigi G. Indocyanine green-enhanced fluorescence for assessing parathyroid perfusion during thyroidectomy. Gland Surg 2016; 5:512-521. [PMID: 27867866 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery may prevent their inadvertent surgical removal and thus provide a better postoperative quality of life. Nevertheless, the most common "technique" for intraoperative evaluation of perfusion of parathyroid gland tissues during thyroid surgery is visual inspection of the physical condition of tissues, e.g., their color and bleeding edges. Another technique is measurement of intact parathyroid hormone. Recently, indocyanine green-enhanced fluorescence has been used in various surgical techniques, particularly laparoscopic surgery, to improve visualization and to provide detailed anatomical information. Fluorescent optical guidance helps surgeons to avoid inadvertent tissue injury while enhancing procedural efficiency. This technique has potential use for evaluating perfusion of the parathyroid gland in real-time intraoperative angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lavazza
- 1st Division of General Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Varese-Como), via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Chewei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Angkoon Anuwong
- Department of Surgery, Police General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hoon Yub Kim
- KUMC Thyroid Center Korea University, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Renbin Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Davide Inversini
- 1st Division of General Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Varese-Como), via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Boni
- 1st Division of General Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Varese-Como), via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Rausei
- 1st Division of General Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Varese-Como), via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Frattini
- 1st Division of General Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Varese-Como), via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Dionigi
- 1st Division of General Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Varese-Como), via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
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