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Ishiwatari H, Kawabata T, Kawashima H, Nakai Y, Miura S, Kato H, Shiomi H, Fujimori N, Ogura T, Inatomi O, Kubota K, Fujisawa T, Takenaka M, Mori H, Noguchi K, Fujii Y, Sugiura T, Ideno N, Nakafusa T, Masamune A, Isayama H, Sasahira N. Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage versus endoscopic biliary stenting for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction: Propensity score-matched multicenter comparative study. Dig Endosc 2024; 36:726-734. [PMID: 37885412 DOI: 10.1111/den.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) of malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO), current guidelines recommend endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) due to the higher risk of cholangitis after endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) during the waiting period before surgery. However, few studies have supported this finding. Therefore, we aimed to compare the outcomes of preoperative ENBD and EBS in patients with MHBO. METHODS Patients with MHBO who underwent laparotomy for radical surgery after ENBD or EBS were included from retrospectively collected data from 13 centers (January 2014 to December 2018). We performed a 1:1 propensity score matching between the ENBD and EBS groups. These patients were compared for the following: cholangitis and all adverse events (AEs) after endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) until surgery, time to cholangitis development after EBD, postsurgical AEs, and in-hospital death after surgery. RESULTS Of the 414 patients identified, 355 were analyzed in this study (226 for ENBD and 129 for EBS). The matched cohort included 63 patients from each group. The proportion of cholangitis after EBD was similar between the two groups (20.6% vs. 25.4%, P = 0.67), and no significant difference was observed in the time to cholangitis development. The proportions of surgical site infections, bile leaks, and in-hospital mortality rates were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION For PBD of MHBO, the proportion of AEs, including cholangitis, after EBD until surgery was similar when either ENBD or EBS was used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironari Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shiomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nao Fujimori
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogura
- Endoscopy Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kubota
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kensaku Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Ideno
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakafusa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasahira
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Jung HE, Han DH, Koo BN, Kim J. Effect of sarcopenia on postoperative ICU admission and length of stay after hepatic resection for Klatskin tumor. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136376. [PMID: 36969080 PMCID: PMC10034314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHepatic resection of Klatskin tumors usually requires postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission because of its high morbidity and mortality. Identifying surgical patients who will benefit most from ICU admission is important because of scarce resources but remains difficult. Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and is associated with poor surgical outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed th.e relationship between preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative ICU admission and length of ICU stay (LOS-I) in patients who underwent hepatic resection for Klatskin tumors. Using preoperative computed tomography scans, the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured and normalised to the patient’s height. Using these values, the optimal cut-off for diagnosing sarcopenia was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for each sex.ResultsOf 330 patients, 150 (45.5%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with preoperative sarcopenia presented significantly more frequently to the ICU (77.3% vs. 47.9%, p < 0.001) and had longer total LOS-I (2.45 vs 0.89 days, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with sarcopenia showed a significantly higher postoperative length of hospital stay, severe complication rate, and in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsSarcopenia correlated with poor postoperative outcomes, especially with the increased requirement of postoperative ICU admission and prolonged LOS-I after hepatic resection in patients with Klatskin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Eom Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Bon-Nyeo Koo, ; Jeongmin Kim,
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Bon-Nyeo Koo, ; Jeongmin Kim,
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Páez-Carpio A, Hessheimer A, Bermúdez P, Zarco FX, Serrano E, Moreno J, Molina V, Ausania F, Carrero E, Burrel M, Fondevila C, Gómez FM. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for biliary obstruction in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a 10-year analysis of safety and outcomes using the CCI index. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:109. [PMID: 36847837 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) safety and efficacy in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA). METHODS This retrospective observational study included patients with PCCA and obstructive cholestasis referred for a PTBD in our institution between 2010 and 2020. Technical and clinical success rates and major complication and mortality rates one month after PTBD were used as main variables. Patients were divided and analyzed into two groups: > 30 and < 30 Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). We also evaluated post-surgical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. RESULTS Out of 223 patients, 57 were included. Technical success rate was 87.7%. Clinical success at 1 week was 83.6%, before surgery 68.2%, 80.0% at 2 weeks and 86.7% at 4 weeks. Mean total bilirubin (TBIL) values were 15.1 mg/dL (baseline), 8.1 mg/dL one week after PTBD), 6.1 mg/dL (2 weeks) and 2.1 mg/dL (4 weeks). Major complication rate was 21.1%. Three patients died (5.3%). Risk factors for major complications after the statistical analysis were: Bismuth classification (p = 0.01), tumor resectability (p = 0.04), PTBD clinical success (p = 0.04), TBIL 2 weeks after PTBD (p = 0.04), a second PTBD (p = 0.01), total PTBDs (p = 0.01) and duration of drainage (p = 0.03). Major postoperative complication rate in patients who underwent surgery was 59.3%, with a median CCI of 26.2. CONCLUSION PTBD is safe and effective in the management of biliary obstruction caused by PCCA. Bismuth classification, locally advanced tumors, and failure to achieve clinical success in the first PTBD are factors related to major complications. Our sample reported a high major postoperative complication rate, although with an acceptable median CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Páez-Carpio
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amelia Hessheimer
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bermúdez
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico X Zarco
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Serrano
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Moreno
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Molina
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Ausania
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, ICEDM, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Burrel
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando M Gómez
- Department of Radiology, CDI, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
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Moll CF, de Moura DTH, Ribeiro IB, Proença IM, do Monte Junior ES, Sánchez-Luna SA, Merchán MFS, Intriago JMV, Bernardo WM, de Moura EGH. Endoscopic Biliary Darinage (EBD) versus Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) for biliary drainage in patients with Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100163. [PMID: 36681067 PMCID: PMC10757298 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary drainage for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA) can be performed either by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD). To date there is no consensus about which method is preferred. Taking that into account, the aim of this study is to compare Endoscopic Biliary Drainage (EBD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma through a systematic review and metanalysis. A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases was performed. Evaluated outcomes included technical success, clinical success, post drainage complications (cholangitis, pancreatitis, bleeding, and major complications), crossover, hospital length stay, and seeding metastases. Data extracted from the studies were used to calculate Mean Differences (MD). Seventeen studies were included, with a total of 2284 patients (EBD = 1239, PTBD = 1045). Considering resectable PCCA, the PTBD group demonstrated lower rates of crossover (RD = 0.29; 95% CI 0.07‒0.51; p = 0.009 I² = 90%), post-drainage complications (RD = 0.20; 95% CI 0.06‒0.33; p < 0.0001; I² = 78%), and post-drainage pancreatitis (RD = 0.10; 95% CI 0.05‒0.16; p < 0.0001; I² = 64%). The EBD group presented reduced length of hospital stay (RD = -2.89; 95% CI -3.35 ‒ -2,43; p < 0.00001; I² = 42%). Considering palliative PCCA, the PTBD group demonstrated a higher clinical success (RD = -0.19; 95% CI -0.27 ‒ -0.11; p < 0.00001; I² = 0%) and less post-drainage cholangitis (RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.01‒0.15; p = 0.02; I² = 48%) when compared to the EBD group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding: technical success, post-drainage bleeding, major post-drainage complications, and seeding metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Flaksbaum Moll
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Braga Ribeiro
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Igor Mendoça Proença
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Epifanio Silvino do Monte Junior
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Sánchez-Luna
- Basil I. Hirschowitz Endoscopic Center of Excellence, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Maria Fernanda Shinin Merchán
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josselyn Mariana Vera Intriago
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Marques Bernardo
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura
- Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Ishiwatari H, Kawabata T, Kawashima H, Nakai Y, Miura S, Kato H, Shiomi H, Fujimori N, Ogura T, Inatomi O, Kubota K, Fujisawa T, Takenaka M, Mori H, Noguchi K, Fujii Y, Sugiura T, Ideno N, Nakafusa T, Masamune A, Isayama H, Sasahira N. Clinical Outcomes of Inside Stents and Conventional Plastic Stents as Bridge-to-Surgery Options for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1139-1147. [PMID: 36242688 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate method of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) for cholangiocarcinoma with hilar biliary obstruction remains controversial. The inside-stent technique is a method of placing plastic stents entirely inside the bile duct. Several studies of patients with unresectable stage have reported longer stent patency compared with conventional endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS). Inside-stent techniques have been introduced as a bridge-to-surgery option and as an alternative to conventional EBS. AIMS We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of inside stent use and conventional EBS. METHODS During this retrospective multicenter study, we reviewed consecutive patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent radical surgery after conventional EBS or inside-stent insertion. Adverse event (AE) rates after EBD and post-surgical AEs were compared. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors affecting cholangitis after EBD. RESULTS Conventional EBS and inside-stent procedures were performed for 56 and 73 patients, respectively. Patient backgrounds were similar between groups, except for percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization. The waiting time before surgery was similar between groups (28.5 days vs. 30 days). There were no significant differences in the cholangitis rate (21.4% vs. 26.0%; P = 0.68) and all AEs (25.0% vs. 30.1%; P = 0.56) between groups. The post-surgical AE rate was similar between the groups. The multivariable analysis found that preprocedural cholangitis was a risk factor for cholangitis after EBD (odds ratio: 5.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-19.9). CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of inside-stent techniques and conventional EBS for the management of preoperative EBD are comparable for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Ishiwatari
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironari Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shiomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nao Fujimori
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University (Osaka Medical College), Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kubota
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensaku Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Ideno
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakafusa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasahira
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Van Eecke E, Degroote H, Vanlander A, Hindryckx P. Outcome of primary ERCP versus primary PTC for biliary drainage in malignant hilar biliary strictures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7160-7170. [PMID: 35941311 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with malignant hilar biliary strictures can suffer from obstructive jaundice. Controversy remains on the optimal approach to obtain preoperative or palliative biliary drainage in these patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the two modalities most commonly used in this scenario: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). METHODS MEDLINE via PubMed was searched for relevant articles published from 2005 to April 2019. Following outcome measures were used to compare ERCP and PTC: therapeutic success rate, cholangitis, pancreatitis, bleeding, tube dislocation, reintervention rate, mortality such as 30d mortality and in-hospital death, median survival time, drainage patency, duration until decompression and hospital stay. Risk of bias assessment for the retrospective studies was conducted by NOS. RoB 2 was used for RCT. A meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3. The certainty of evidence was appraised using GRADE. RESULTS Eleven articles of which one RCT and ten retrospective cohort studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for data-analysis (1417 patients; 784 ERCP, 633 PTC). The combined odds ratio (OR) for therapeutic succes was 3.5 times higher in the PTC group (95% CI 2.05-5.97; high certainty). In terms of cholangitis, ERCP carried a 1.7-fold risk as compared to PTC (95% CI 0.92-3.08; moderate certainty). Patients who underwent ERCP were 11.50 times more likely to undergo a reintervention (95% CI 3.51-37.70; moderate certainty). ERCP was comparable to PTC in terms of pancreatitis (low certainty), bleeding (high certainty) and tube dislocation rate (moderate certainty). Mortality tended to be numerically higher in the PTC group but low patient numbers, selection bias and study heterogeneity did not allow uniform comparative analysis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with malignant hilar biliary strictures, PTC is associated with a better therapeutic success rate, less cholangitis and lower reintervention rate as compared to ERCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Van Eecke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Degroote
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aude Vanlander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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He QB, Zheng RH, Wang Y, Wang L, Tan LX, Meng GX, Zhong H, Duan J, Gu AD. Using air cholangiography to reduce postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cholangitis in patients with malignant hilar obstruction. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:1698-1705. [PMID: 35284261 PMCID: PMC8899942 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a major problem for patients with hilar biliary obstruction. To date, it remains unclear whether air-contrast cholangiography (ACC) can reduce cholangitis in these patients. For this reason, our study assesses the efficacy of reducing cholangitis through ACC. METHODS This paper presents a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary university hospital. We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with hilar structures and underwent ERCP between January 2012 and December 2018. From 2015 onwards, ACC was performed following the successful selective cannulation into the dilated intrahepatic bile duct of these patients. The primary aim was to assess patients with cholangitis in both an ACC group and iodine contrast cholangiography (ICC) group. RESULTS This study included 80 patients, 35 of whom received ACC and 45 who received ICC. There were no differences between the 2 groups in terms of the number of patients who underwent endoscopic papillotomy, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, endoscopic biliary stent placement, or other technical procedures or complications. A total of 19 patients (23.8%) presented with fever (cholangitis) after the ERCP procedure (4 ACC, 15 ICC; 11.4% vs. 33.3%, respectively; P=0.03). One patient in the ICC group who obtained a plastic stent for palliative drainage died 2 weeks post-ERCP. Among the other 18 cholangitis patients, 8 (1 ACC, 7 ICC) were treated with additional ERCP or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), while the remaining 10 only received antibiotics. One patient in the ICC group who obtained a plastic stent for palliative drainage died 2 weeks post-ERCP. CONCLUSIONS We found that ACC significantly reduced the incidence of cholangitis in patients with hilar obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Bin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru-Hua Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Xuan Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Xia Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Dong Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Comparison of Biliary Drainage Techniques for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:88-97. [PMID: 33780212 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage are all established techniques for drainage of malignant biliary obstruction. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was aimed at comparing all 3 modalities to each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple databases were searched from inception to October 2019 to identify relevant studies. All the patients were eligible to receive any one of the 3 interventions. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment was performed using standardized tools. Outcomes of interest were technical success, clinical success, adverse events, and reintervention. Direct meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model. NMA was conducted using a multivariate, consistency model with random-effects meta-regression. The GRADE approach was followed to rate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS The final analysis included 17 studies with 1566 patients. Direct meta-analysis suggested that EUS-guided biliary drainage had a lower reintervention rate than ERCP. NMA did not show statistically significant differences to favor any one intervention with certainty across all the outcomes. The overall certainty of evidence was found to be low to very low for all the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence did not favor any intervention for drainage of malignant biliary obstruction across all the outcomes assessed. ERCP with or without EUS should be considered first to allow simultaneous tissue acquisition and biliary drainage.
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Ben Khaled N, Jacob S, Rössler D, Bösch F, De Toni EN, Werner J, Ricke J, Mayerle J, Seidensticker M, Schulz C, Fabritius MP. Current State of Multidisciplinary Treatment in Cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Dis 2021; 40:581-595. [PMID: 34695826 DOI: 10.1159/000520346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy, and its incidence seems to be increasing over the last years. Given the high rate of irresectability at the time of initial diagnosis, new treatment approaches are important to achieve better patient outcomes. Our review provides an overview of current multimodal therapy options across different specialties of gastroenterology/oncology, surgery, and interventional radiology. SUMMARY CCA is subdivided into clinically and molecularly distinct phenotypes. Surgical treatment currently is the only potentially curative therapy, but unfortunately, the majority of all patients are not eligible for resection at the time of initial diagnosis due to anatomic location, inadequate hepatic reserve, metastatic disease, or limiting comorbidities. However, multimodal treatment options are available to prolong survival, relieve symptoms, and maintain life quality. KEY MESSAGES The treatment of CCA is complex and requires close interdisciplinary collaboration and individualized treatment planning to ensure optimal patient care at specialized centers. Molecular profiling of patients and inclusion into clinical trials is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najib Ben Khaled
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Jacob
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation-Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Rössler
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bösch
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation-Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation-Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Impact of preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative outcomes in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Asian J Surg 2021; 45:993-1000. [PMID: 34588138 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Complete resection is the most effective treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) but may result in high morbidity and mortality. Most HC patients have jaundice, and preoperative biliary drainage may reduce their risk of obstructive jaundice. ERCP and PTBD have been advocated for this purpose. This retrospective study investigated the influence of ERCP versus PTBD versus their combination on the short-term outcomes of curative HC resection. METHODS Patients having curative HC resection with preoperative biliary drainage in a span of 26 years were reviewed and divided into groups according to drainage modality. Drainage-related and surgical complications and hospital mortality were compared between groups. Intention-to-treat analysis using a separate set of initial drainage data was performed. RESULTS Eighty-six patients were divided into: Group A, ERCP only, n = 32 (32/86 = 37.2%); Group B, PTBD only, n = 10 (10/86 = 11.6%); Group C, ERCP + PTBD, n = 44 (44/86 = 51.2%). International normalized ratio was significantly higher in Group B (p = 0.008). The three groups were comparable in operative details, hospital stay, and mortality. Fifty-two patients had postoperative complications. Significantly more patients in Groups A and C had subphrenic abscess (A: 25%, B: 0%, C: 9.1%; p = 0.035) and subsequent radiological drainage. Group A had insignificantly more patients with wound infection (31.3% vs 10% vs 22.7%, p = 0.334), chest infection (28.1% vs 20% vs 11.4%, p = 0.178), and urinary tract infection (6.3% vs 0% vs 0%, p = 0.133). The three groups had similar rates of major complications (p = 0.501). They also had comparable survival outcomes (overall, p = 0.370; disease-free, p = 0.569). Fifteen and 71 patients received PTBD and ERCP respectively as first drainage mode. These two groups were comparable in liver function, preoperative comorbidity, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION In the preoperative management of HC, the use of ERCP, PTBD or their combination is acceptable and can optimize patients' condition for curative HC resection.
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Qumseya BJ, Jamil LH, Elmunzer BJ, Riaz A, Ceppa EP, Thosani NC, Buxbaum JL, Storm AC, Sawhney MS, Pawa S, Naveed M, Lee JK, Law JK, Kwon RS, Jue TL, Fujii-Lau LL, Fishman DS, Calderwood AH, Amateau SK, Al-Haddad M, Wani S. ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of malignant hilar obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 94:222-234.e22. [PMID: 34023067 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This clinical guideline from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) provides an evidence-based approach for the management of patients with malignant hilar obstruction (MHO). This document was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework and addresses primary drainage modality (percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage [PTBD] vs endoscopic biliary drainage [EBD]), drainage strategy (unilateral vs bilateral), and stent selection (plastic stent [PS] vs self-expandable metal stent [SEMS]). Regarding drainage modality, in patients with MHO undergoing drainage before potential resection or transplantation, the panel suggests against routine use of PTBD as first-line therapy compared with EBD. In patients with unresectable MHO undergoing palliative drainage, the panel suggests PTBD or EBD. The final decision should be based on patient preferences, disease characteristics, and local expertise. Regarding drainage strategy, in patients with unresectable MHO undergoing palliative stent placement, the panel suggests placement of bilateral stents compared with a unilateral stent in the absence of liver atrophy. Finally, regarding type of stent, in patients with unresectable MHO undergoing palliative stent placement, the panel suggests placing SEMSs or PSs. However, in patients who have a short life expectancy and who place high value on avoiding repeated interventions, the panel suggests using SEMSs compared with PSs. If optimal drainage strategy has not been established, the panel suggests placing PSs. This document clearly outlines the process, analyses, and decision processes used to reach the final recommendations and represents the official ASGE recommendations on the above topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar J Qumseya
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Laith H Jamil
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Badih Joseph Elmunzer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ahsun Riaz
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eugene P Ceppa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nirav C Thosani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James L Buxbaum
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew C Storm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mandeep S Sawhney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swati Pawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariam Naveed
- Advent Health Medical Group, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Advent Health Hospital Altamonte Springs, Altamonte Springs, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanna K Law
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard S Kwon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Terry L Jue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Larissa L Fujii-Lau
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Douglas S Fishman
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey H Calderwood
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Stuart K Amateau
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Haddad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Frega G, Palloni A, DE Lorenzo S, Abbati F, Mollica V, Tavolari S, DI Marco M, Brandi G. How to Choose Between Percutaneous Transhepatic and Endoscopic Biliary Drainage in Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. In Vivo 2021; 34:1701-1714. [PMID: 32606139 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) is a common condition caused by several primary and secondary cancers. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate technical success rate and safety of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) versus endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) in MOJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant trials were identified by searching electronic databases and conference meetings. We included thirteen retrospective studies and four randomized controlled trials, with PTBD performed in 2353 patients and EBD in 8178 patients. Outcomes of interest included: technical success rate, overall complications, 30-day mortality rate and risk of bleeding, pancreatitis, cholangitis and tube dislocation. RESULTS The differences in technical success rate, total complications, 30-day mortality rate and tube dislocation were not statistically significant between the two groups. Patients receiving PTBD showed a lower risk of pancreatitis (OR=0.14, 95%CI=0.06-0.31) and cholangitis (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.30-0.90) when compared to EBD while PTBD was associated with higher risk of bleeding (OR=1.78; 95%CI=1.32-2.39). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicates the presence of some advantages and limits for both PTBD and EBD. We highlight the paucity of quality-of-life data, a vital element which should be carefully pondered in future studies and in choosing the optimal technique in patients with MOJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania DE Lorenzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Abbati
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariacristina DI Marco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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The role of stent placement above the papilla (inside-stent) as a bridging therapy for perihilar biliary malignancy: an initial experience. Surg Today 2021; 51:1795-1804. [PMID: 33835263 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although endoscopic naso-biliary drainage (ENBD) is a popular preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) method for patients with perihilar biliary malignancy (PHBM), patient discomfort caused by the nasal tube remains a problem. This study aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of PBD with the placement of a plastic stent above the papilla [inside-stent (IS)] as a bridging therapy. METHODS The outcomes of 78 patients with potentially resectable PHBM, of whom 29 underwent IS placement and 49 underwent ENBD were evaluated. RESULTS The stent-associated complication rates were not different between the two groups (7% in the IS group and 10% in the ENBD group, P = 0.621). Catheter dislocation occurred less frequently (0% vs. 22%, P = 0.016), and the median time to recurrent biliary obstruction was longer (not reached vs. 32 days, P = 0.039) in the IS group than in the ENBD group. Among the patients who underwent resection, their postoperative severe complication rates were not substantially different (26% vs. 25%, P = 0.923). CONCLUSION IS placement is a possible alternative to ENBD as a bridge to a definitive operation for patients with resectable PHBM and a prospective trial to prove its feasibility and safety is therefore warranted.
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Dondossola D, Ghidini M, Grossi F, Rossi G, Foschi D. Practical review for diagnosis and clinical management of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3542-3561. [PMID: 32742125 PMCID: PMC7366054 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the biliary tract. Perihilar CCC (pCCC) is the most common CCC and is burdened by a complicated diagnostic iter and its anatomical location makes surgical approach burden by poor results. Besides its clinical presentation, a multimodal diagnostic approach should be carried on by a tertiary specialized center to avoid miss-diagnosis. Preoperative staging must consider the extent of liver resection to avoid post-surgical hepatic failure. During staging iter, magnetic resonance can obtain satisfactory cholangiographic images, while invasive techniques should be used if bile duct samples are needed. Consistently, to improve diagnostic potential, bile duct drainage is not necessary in jaundice, while it is indicated in refractory cholangitis or when liver hypertrophy is needed. Once resecability criteria are identified, the extent of liver resection is secondary to the longitudinal spread of CCC. While in the past type IV pCCC was not considered resectable, some authors reported good results after their treatment. Conversely, in selected unresectable cases, liver transplantation could be a valuable option. Adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for resected patients, while neoadjuvant approach has growing evidences. If curative resection is not achieved, radiotherapy can be added to chemotherapy. This multistep curative iter must be carried on in specialized centers. Hence, the aim of this review is to highlight the main steps and pitfalls of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pCCC with a peculiar attention to type IV pCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Dondossola
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giorgio Rossi
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Diego Foschi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", L. Sacco Hospital, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
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15
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Sugiura R, Kuwatani M, Kato S, Kawakubo K, Kamachi H, Taketomi A, Noji T, Okamura K, Hirano S, Sakamoto N. Risk factors for dysfunction of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary obstruction. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 27:851-859. [PMID: 32506844 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the risk factors for dysfunction of endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) in preoperative patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). METHODS We searched the database between February 2011 and December 2018 and identified patients with MHBO who underwent radical operation. The rate of dysfunction of the initial EBD, risk factors for dysfunction of the initial EBD and survival after surgery were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 131 patients [95 males (72.5%); mean age, 69.5 (±7.3) years; Bismuth-Corlette classification (BC) I/II/IIIa/IIIb/IV, 50/26/22/17/16; hilar cholangiocarcinoma/gall bladder cancer, 115/16]. Dysfunction of the initial EBD occurred in 28 patients (21.4%). The cumulative incidences of dysfunction of the initial EBD in all patients were 18.4%, 38.2% and 47.0% at 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively (Kaplan-Meier method). The rate of dysfunction of the initial EBD increased in patients with BC-IV (P = .03). Multivariate analysis showed that BC-IV and pre-EBD cholangitis were significantly associated with the occurrence of dysfunction of the initial EBD. Survival rates were not significantly different according to the initial biliary drainage methods and presence/absence of the initial EBD dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunction of the initial EBD frequently occurs in patients with the BC-IV and those with pre-EBD cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sugiura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kawakubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamachi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Preoperative Biliary Drainage for Patients with Perihilar Bile Duct Malignancy. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:1630-1638. [PMID: 31197684 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) is known to increase preoperative biliary drainage (PBD)-related complications including postoperative surgical site infection (SSI), EBS is still commonly placed before referral to tertiary centers. Whether exchanging EBS with external drainage methods mitigate the risk of SSI is unknown. This study sought to identify EBS-associated risk of recurrent biliary obstruction and postoperative SSI, with particular attention whether it was replaced with external drainage methods before surgery. METHODS From January 2005 to December 2014, 102 consecutive patients with perihilar biliary cancer who underwent PBD followed by hepatobiliary resection were analyzed. RESULTS Among the enrolled patients, 49 (48.0%) underwent total 76 re-interventions due to recurrent biliary obstruction with a median number of 1 (range, 1 to 6). Cholangitis occurred more frequently in patients with EBS (26.9%) than in other methods (P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative SSI was marginally higher among the patients with EBS at the time of surgery than those with previously placed EBS replaced by the external drainage (72.2% vs 38.5%, P = 0.060). In the multivariate analysis, presence of EBS at the time of surgery remained as an only independent predictor of SSI (95% CI, 1.46-17.32; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The use of EBS increased recurrent biliary obstruction and postoperative SSI particularly when it is present at a time of definitive operation. Our findings support using external drainage such as by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage because of the lower associated incidence of these complications.
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Gringeri E, Gambato M, Sapisochin G, Ivanics T, Lynch EN, Mescoli C, Burra P, Cillo U, Russo FP. Cholangiocarcinoma as an Indication for Liver Transplantation in the Era of Transplant Oncology. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1353. [PMID: 32380750 PMCID: PMC7290472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) arises from the biliary tract epithelium and accounts for 10-15% of all hepatobiliary malignancies. Depending on anatomic location, CCA is classified as intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA). The best treatment option for pCCA is liver resection and when a radical oncological surgery is obtained, 5-year survival rate are around 20-40%. In unresectable patients, following a specific protocol, liver transplantation (LT) for pCCA showed excellent long-term disease-free survival rates. Fewer data are available for iCCA in LT setting. Nevertheless, patients with very early unresectable iCCA appear to achieve excellent outcomes after LT. This review aims to evaluate existing evidence to define the current role of LT in the management of patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy; (E.G.); (U.C.)
| | - Martina Gambato
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy; (E.N.L.); (P.B.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- Multi-Organ Transplant and HPB Surgical Oncology, Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; (G.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Tommy Ivanics
- Multi-Organ Transplant and HPB Surgical Oncology, Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; (G.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Erica Nicola Lynch
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy; (E.N.L.); (P.B.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy; (E.N.L.); (P.B.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy; (E.G.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35100 Padua, Italy; (E.N.L.); (P.B.); (F.P.R.)
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Zhang W, Che X. Comparison of effect between nasobiliary drainage and biliary stenting in malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:71. [PMID: 32276634 PMCID: PMC7149920 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the efficacy of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) in preoperative biliary drainage (PBD). Methods ENBD and EBS related literature of patients with malignant biliary obstruction published before September 2019 were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for comparison analysis. Revman 5.3 statistical software was used for analysis. Results Nine studies were used for our comparative study. A total of 1435 patients were included, which consisted of 813 in the ENBD group and 622 in the EBS group. Meta-analysis showed that patients with malignant biliary obstruction who received ENBD had reductions in the rates of preoperative cholangitis (RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.34–0.62, P < 0.00001), preoperative pancreatitis (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50–0.95, P = 0.02), stent dysfunction (RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.80, P = 0.0008), morbidity (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64–0.93, P = 0.007), and postoperative pancreatic fistula (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45–0.92, P = 0.02) compared with patients who received EBS. Conclusions The rates of preoperative cholangitis, preoperative pancreatitis, post-operative pancreatic fistula, stent dysfunction, and morbidity of ENBD patients were lower than those of EBS patients. In clinical practice, the physical condition of each patient and their tolerance should be fully considered. ENBD should be given priority. EBS should be replaced if stent dysfunction or intolerance occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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19
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Tian X, Zhang Z, Li W. Internal drainage versus external drainage in palliation of malignant biliary obstruction: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:752-763. [PMID: 32542075 PMCID: PMC7286326 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preoperative biliary drainage has been widely used to treat patients with malignant biliary obstruction. However, it is still unclear which method is more effective: internal drainage or external drainage. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of the two drainage methods in treatment of malignant biliary obstruction in terms of preoperative and postoperative complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid journals and the Cochrane Library, and compared internal drainage and external drainage in malignant biliary obstruction patients. The pre- and postoperative complications, stent dysfunction rate and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS Ten published studies (n = 1464 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. We found that patients with malignant biliary obstruction who received external drainage showed reductions in the preoperative cholangitis rate (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.24-0.44, p < 0.00001), the incidence of stent dysfunction (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.57, p < 0.00001), and total morbidity (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.50, p < 0.00001) compared with patients who received internal drainage. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis indicates that external drainage is better than internal drainage for malignant biliary obstruction in terms of the preoperative cholangitis rate, the incidence of stent dysfunction and total morbidity, etc. However, the findings need to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | | | - Wen Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Satyadas T. Endoscopic Versus Percutaneous Preoperative Biliary Drainage in Patients With Klatskin Tumor Undergoing Curative Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes. Surg Innov 2020; 27:279-290. [PMID: 32172684 DOI: 10.1177/1553350620911291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims. To compare short-term and long-term outcomes of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with Klatskin tumor undergoing curative surgery. Methods. We conducted a search of electronic information sources to identify all studies comparing EBD and PBD in patients with Klatskin tumor undergoing curative surgery. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias observational studies. Random-effects or fixed-effects modeling was applied as appropriate to calculate pooled outcome data. Results. We identified 9 observational studies, enrolling a total of 1436 patients. The patients in the PBD group had more advanced disease than those in EBD group in terms of Bismuth-Corlette classification and tumor classification. EBD was associated with higher risks of postprocedural complications (odds ratio [OR] =2.24, P = .001), conversion to another drainage method (OR =11.16, P < .00001), cholangitis (OR = 4.58, P < .0001), and pancreatitis (OR = 8.90, P = .009) than PBD; there was no difference between the 2 methods in terms of technical success (OR = 0.79, P = .50) and tube dislocation (OR = 0.81, P = .54). Regarding the postoperative outcomes, there was no difference in terms of 30-day mortality (OR = 0.61, P = .16) and major postoperative complications (OR = 0.60, P = .06). Regarding the long-term outcomes, EBD was associated with lower risks of seeding metastasis (OR = 0.46, P = .0004) and 5-year recurrence (OR = 0.72, P = .010), and better 5-year survival (OR = 1.62, P = .001). Conclusions. EBD may be associated with higher procedure-related complications compared with PBD as a preoperative biliary drainage method in patients with Klatskin tumor undergoing curative surgery. The available evidence on long-term oncological and survival outcomes are subject to confounding by indication, and high-quality randomized controlled trials are required for definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Hajibandeh
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Hu QL, Liu JB, Ellis RJ, Liu JY, Yang AD, D’Angelica MI, Ko CY, Merkow RP. Association of preoperative biliary drainage technique with postoperative outcomes among patients with resectable hepatobiliary malignancy. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:249-257. [PMID: 31350104 PMCID: PMC8319720 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are two techniques used for preoperative biliary drainage prior to hepatobiliary resection. The objectives of this study were to determine predictors of the drainage technique selection and to evaluate the association between drainage technique and postoperative outcomes. METHODS Using ACS NSQIP data (2014-2017), patients who underwent preoperative biliary drainage prior to hepatobiliary resection for malignancy were identified. Separate multivariable-adjusted, propensity score (PS) adjusted, and PS matched logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between drainage technique and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Of 527 patients identified, 431 (81.8%) received EBS and 96 (18.2%) received PTBD. Patients who underwent PTBD had more preoperative co-morbidities, including higher ASA class, recent weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia (all p < 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, PTBD was significantly associated with 30-day DSM (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.24-2.97, p = 0.004), overall SSI (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.10-2.76, p = 0.019), and superficial SSI (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20-3.60, p = 0.010). These findings remained significant for both PS-adjusted and PS-matched models. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing hepatobiliary resection selected for PTBD had significantly more preoperative co-morbidities and nutritional deficits. Compared to EBS, PTBD was associated with significantly higher odds of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Lina Hu
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL,Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason B. Liu
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan J. Ellis
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jessica Y. Liu
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anthony D. Yang
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Clifford Y. Ko
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL,Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryan P. Merkow
- Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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22
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Maeda T, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Mizuno T, Yamaguchi J, Onoe S, Watanabe N, Kawashima H, Nagino M. Preoperative course of patients undergoing endoscopic nasobiliary drainage during the management of resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2019; 26:341-347. [PMID: 31155841 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are many studies on technical outcomes of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), no authors reported on preoperative course of patients undergoing ENBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of patients with ENBD during the waiting period. METHODS Patients who underwent resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) between January 2013 and September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS During the study period, 191 consecutive patients underwent surgical resection of PHCC after ENBD. Of the study patients, 154 (80.6%) patients were discharged, returned to their home, then re-admitted for surgery. The remaining 37 patients were continuously hospitalized. The number of cholangitis events during the waiting period was 0 in 120 patients, 1 in 59 patients, 2 ≤ in 12 patients. Endoscopic re-intervention was needed in 52 patients. The median length between the first admission and surgery was 37 days (range 12-197 days) in the entire cohort; it was longer in patients with portal vein embolization than in those without (43 vs. 27 days, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing resection of PHCC, ENBD is widely tolerable with relatively low incidence of cholangitis and thus recommended for preoperative biliary drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maeda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Onoe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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23
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Cillo U, Fondevila C, Donadon M, Gringeri E, Mocchegiani F, Schlitt HJ, Ijzermans JNM, Vivarelli M, Zieniewicz K, Olde Damink SWM, Groot Koerkamp B. Surgery for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:143-155. [PMID: 30843343 PMCID: PMC6563077 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. For both perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), 5-year overall survival of about 30% has been reported in large series. This review addresses several challenges in surgical management of cholangiocarcinoma. The first challenge is diagnosis: a biopsy is typically avoided because of the risk of seeding metastases and the low yield of a brush of the bile duct. However, about 15% of patients with suspected pCCA are found to have a benign diagnosis after resection. The second challenge is staging; even with the best preoperative imaging, a substantial percentage of patients has occult metastatic disease detected at staging laparoscopy or early recurrence after resection. The third challenge is an adequate volume and function of the future liver remnant, which may require preoperative biliary drainage and portal vein embolization. The fourth challenge is a complete resection: a positive bile duct margin is not uncommon because the microscopic biliary extent of disease may be more extensive than perceived on imaging. The fifth challenge is the high post-operative mortality that has decreased in very high volume Asian centres, but remains about 10% in many Western referral centres. The sixth challenge is that even after a complete resection most patients develop recurrent disease. Recent randomized controlled trials found conflicting results regarding the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. The final challenge is to determine which patients with cholangiocarcinoma should undergo liver transplantation rather than resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation UnitPadova University HospitalPadovaItaly
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Department of General & Digestive Surgery, Institut de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques (IMDiM)Hospital Clínic, University of BarcelonaSpain
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and General SurgeryHumanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas UniversityRozzanoItaly
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation UnitPadova University HospitalPadovaItaly
| | - Federico Mocchegiani
- Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicinePolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Jan N. M. Ijzermans
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Vivarelli
- Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicinePolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Krzysztof Zieniewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of SurgeryMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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24
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Hocquelet A, Sotiriadis C, Duran R, Guiu B, Yamaguchi T, Halkic N, Melloul E, Demartines N, Denys A. Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization Alone with Biliary Drainage Compared to a Combination of Simultaneous Portal Vein, Right Hepatic Vein Embolization and Biliary Drainage in Klatskin Tumor. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018; 41:1885-1891. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-018-2075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Coelen RJS, Roos E, Wiggers JK, Besselink MG, Buis CI, Busch ORC, Dejong CHC, van Delden OM, van Eijck CHJ, Fockens P, Gouma DJ, Koerkamp BG, de Haan MW, van Hooft JE, IJzermans JNM, Kater GM, Koornstra JJ, van Lienden KP, Moelker A, Damink SWMO, Poley JW, Porte RJ, de Ridder RJ, Verheij J, van Woerden V, Rauws EAJ, Dijkgraaf MGW, van Gulik TM. Endoscopic versus percutaneous biliary drainage in patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:681-690. [PMID: 30122355 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, biliary drainage is recommended to treat obstructive jaundice and optimise the clinical condition before liver resection. Little evidence exists on the preferred initial method of biliary drainage. We therefore investigated the incidence of severe drainage-related complications of endoscopic biliary drainage or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with potentially resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS We did a multicentre, randomised controlled trial at four academic centres in the Netherlands. Patients who were aged at least 18 years with potentially resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma requiring major liver resection, and biliary obstruction of the future liver remnant (defined as a bilirubin concentration of >50 μmol/L [2·9 mg/dL]), were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive endoscopic biliary drainage or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage through the use of computer-generated allocation. Randomisation, done by the trial coordinator, was stratified for previous (attempted) biliary drainage, the extent of bile duct involvement, and enrolling centre. Patients were enrolled by clinicians of the participating centres. The primary outcome was the number of severe complications between randomisation and surgery in the intention-to-treat population. The trial was registered at the Netherlands National Trial Register, number NTR4243. FINDINGS From Sept 26, 2013, to April 29, 2016, 261 patients were screened for participation, and 54 eligible patients were randomly assigned to endoscopic biliary drainage (n=27) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (n=27). The study was prematurely closed because of higher mortality in the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage group (11 [41%] of 27 patients) than in the endoscopic biliary drainage group (three [11%] of 27 patients; relative risk 3·67, 95% CI 1·15-11·69; p=0·03). Three of the 11 deaths among patients in the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage group occurred before surgery. The proportion of patients with severe preoperative drainage-related complications was similar between the groups (17 [63%] patients in the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage group vs 18 [67%] in the endoscopic biliary drainage group; relative risk 0·94, 95% CI 0·64-1·40). 16 (59%) patients in the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage group and ten (37%) patients in the endoscopic biliary drainage group developed preoperative cholangitis (p=0·1). 15 (56%) patients required additional percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage after endoscopic biliary drainage, whereas only one (4%) patient required endoscopic biliary drainage after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. INTERPRETATION The study was prematurely stopped because of higher all-cause mortality in the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage group. Post-drainage complications were similar between groups, but the data should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size. The results call for further prospective studies and reconsideration of indications and strategy towards biliary drainage in this complex disease. FUNDING Dutch Cancer Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J S Coelen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jimme K Wiggers
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn I Buis
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Olivier R C Busch
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H C Dejong
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Otto M van Delden
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Gouma
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel W de Haan
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeanin E van Hooft
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Matthijs Kater
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan J Koornstra
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Krijn P van Lienden
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Moelker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Werner Poley
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert J Porte
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier J de Ridder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor van Woerden
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik A J Rauws
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel G W Dijkgraaf
- Clinical Research Unit and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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26
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Rassam F, Roos E, van Lienden KP, van Hooft JE, Klümpen HJ, van Tienhoven G, Bennink RJ, Engelbrecht MR, Schoorlemmer A, Beuers UHW, Verheij J, Besselink MG, Busch OR, van Gulik TM. Modern work-up and extended resection in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: the AMC experience. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2018; 403:289-307. [PMID: 29350267 PMCID: PMC5986829 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-018-1649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) is a challenging disease and requires aggressive surgical treatment in order to achieve curation. The assessment and work-up of patients with presumed PHC is multidisciplinary, complex and requires extensive experience. The aim of this paper is to review current aspects of diagnosis, preoperative work-up and extended resection in patients with PHC from the perspective of our own institutional experience with this complex tumor. METHODS We provided a review of applied modalities in the diagnosis and work-up of PHC according to current literature. All patients with presumed PHC in our center between 2000 and 2016 were identified and described. The types of resection, surgical techniques and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Upcoming diagnostic modalities such as Spyglass and combinations of serum biomarkers and molecular markers have potential to decrease the rate of misdiagnosis of benign, inflammatory disease. Assessment of liver function with hepatobiliary scintigraphy provides better information on the future remnant liver (FRL) than volume alone. The selective use of staging laparoscopy is advisable to avoid futile laparotomies. In patients requiring extended resection, selective preoperative biliary drainage is mandatory in cholangitis and when FRL is small (< 50%). Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is used when FRL volume is less than 40% and optionally includes the left portal vein branches to segment 4. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) as alternative to PVE is not recommended in PHC. N2 positive lymph nodes preclude long-term survival. The benefit of unconditional en bloc resection of the portal vein bifurcation is uncertain. Along these lines, an aggressive surgical approach encompassing extended liver resection including segment 1, regional lymphadenectomy and conditional portal venous resection translates into favorable long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rassam
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Roos
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K P van Lienden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J E van Hooft
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G van Tienhoven
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J Bennink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M R Engelbrecht
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Schoorlemmer
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U H W Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O R Busch
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T M van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu JG, Wu J, Wang J, Shu GM, Wang YJ, Lou C, Zhang J, Du Z. Endoscopic Biliary Drainage Versus Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage in Patients with Resectable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28:1053-1060. [PMID: 29641365 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2017.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is a rare tumor, usually associated with obstructive jaundice and unfavorable prognosis. Obstructive jaundice can affect the liver, kidney, heart, and the immune system of the patients. Currently, controversy exists in whether preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) is of any benefit to the patients, and the best way for PBD in patients with resectable HCCA of malignant biliary obstruction remains to be determined. OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) treatment with those of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) treatment in patients with malignant biliary obstruction caused by resectable HCCA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CBM (China Biological Medicine Database), and CNKI were employed to identify the clinic trials on EBD versus PTBD for malignant biliary obstruction associated with resectable HCCA from January 2008 to October 2017. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. RESULTS Six trials were identified and included in this study. Overall, the differences in technical success rate, R0 resection, incidence of total complication after resection, postoperative hospitalization time, resection time, and recurrence were not statistically significant between the EBD group and PTBD group (all P > .05). However, the incidence of total complications after EBD treatment is higher than that after PTBD treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSION For patients with obstructive jaundice associated with HCCA, current evidence indicate no superiority of PTBD over EBD regarding clinical feasibility and success rate, but data suggest a better clinical safety of PTBD compared with EBD in short-term postoperation. In long-term evaluation, the differences in clinical outcomes are not statistically significant between PTBD and EBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Guo Liu
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- 2 Department of Ultrasonography, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Gui-Ming Shu
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Lou
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinjuan Zhang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Du
- 1 Department of Surgery, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
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28
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Zhang XF, Beal EW, Merath K, Ethun CG, Salem A, Weber SM, Tran T, Poultsides G, Son AY, Hatzaras I, Jin L, Fields RC, Weiss M, Scoggins C, Martin RC, Isom CA, Idrees K, Mogal HD, Shen P, Maithel SK, Schmidt CR, Pawlik TM. Oncologic effects of preoperative biliary drainage in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Percutaneous biliary drainage has no adverse effects on survival. J Surg Oncol 2017; 117:1267-1277. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus Ohio
| | - Eliza W. Beal
- Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus Ohio
| | - Katiuscha Merath
- Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus Ohio
| | - Cecilia G. Ethun
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Ahmed Salem
- Department of Surgery; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison Wisconsin
| | - Sharon M. Weber
- Department of Surgery; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison Wisconsin
| | - Thuy Tran
- Department of Surgery; Stanford University Medical Center; Stanford California
| | - George Poultsides
- Department of Surgery; Stanford University Medical Center; Stanford California
| | - Andre Y. Son
- Department of Surgery; New York University; New York New York
| | | | - Linda Jin
- Department of Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis Missouri
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Department of Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis Missouri
| | - Matthew Weiss
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; The Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Charles Scoggins
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Robert C.G. Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Chelsea A. Isom
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville Tennessee
| | - Kamron Idrees
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville Tennessee
| | - Harveshp D. Mogal
- Department of Surgery; Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Perry Shen
- Department of Surgery; Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Shishir K. Maithel
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Carl R. Schmidt
- Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus Ohio
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus Ohio
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29
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Tang Z, Yang Y, Meng W, Li X. Best option for preoperative biliary drainage in Klatskin tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8372. [PMID: 29069029 PMCID: PMC5671862 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The operative treatment combined with preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) has been established as a safe Klatskin tumor (KT) treatment strategy. However, there has always been a dispute for the preferred technique for PBD technique. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the biliary drainage-related cholangitis, pancreatitis, hemorrhage, and the success rates of palliative relief of cholestasis between percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD), to identify the best technique in the management of KT.PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched systematically for prospective or retrospective studies reporting the biliary drainage-related cholangitis, pancreatitis, hemorrhage, and the success rates of palliative relief of cholestasis in patients with KT. A meta-analysis was performed, using the fixed or random-effect model, with Review Manager 5.3.PTBD was associated with lower risk of cholangitis (risk ratio [RR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36-0.67; P < .00001), particularly in patients with Bismuth-Corlette type II, III, IV KT (RR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33-0.77; P = .05). Compared with EBD, PTBD was also associated with a lower risk of pancreatitis (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69; P = 0.003) and with higher successful rates of palliative relief of cholestasis (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.31; P < .0001). The incidence of hemorrhage was similar in these 2 groups (RR 1.29, 95% CI: 0.51-3.27; P = .59). The risk of biliary drainage-related cholangitis (RR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.96-4.01; P = .06) and pancreatitis (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.76-3.47; P = .21) was similar between endoscopic nasobiliary drainage groups and biliary stenting.In patients with type II or type III or IV KT who need to have PBD, PTBD should be performed as an initial method of biliary drainage in terms of reducing the incidence of procedure related cholangitis, pancreatitis, and improving the rates of palliative relief of cholestasis. Well-conducted randomized controlled trials with a universial criterion for PBD are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Tang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
| | - Yuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
| | - Wenbo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
- Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University
- Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
- The second department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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30
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Heedman PA, Åstradsson E, Blomquist K, Sjödahl R. Palliation of Malignant Biliary Obstruction: Adverse Events are Common after Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage. Scand J Surg 2017; 107:48-53. [DOI: 10.1177/1457496917731192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim: Endoscopic stents in the common bile duct is the first treatment choice to alleviate symptoms of biliary obstruction due to malignant disease. When endoscopic stenting fails in palliative patients, one option is to use a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, but it is not clear whether and how it can reduce the symptom load. The aim of this study was to evaluate benefits and disadvantages of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in palliative care. Material and Methods: Inclusion criteria were malignant disease and bilirubin ≥26 µmol/L in plasma. A structured protocol for obtaining data from the medical records was used. Data were collected from the time of last computed tomography scan before the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was placed and during 14 days afterward. Results and Conclusion: Inclusion criteria were fulfilled in 140 patients. Median age was 70 years (33–91 years). Some 126 patients had a remaining external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Jaundice was the initial symptom in 62 patients (44%). Within the first week after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, the bilirubin decreased from 237 µmol/L (31–634) to 180 µmol/L (17–545). Only 25% reached a level below the double upper reference value. Pruritus occurred in 27% before the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, but the bilirubin value did not differ from patients without pruritus. However, the pruritus was relieved in 56% with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Antibiotic prophylaxis protected to some extent from infectious complications. Adverse events were common and early mortality was high (16% within 14 days). Jaundice should not by itself be an indication for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for palliation except when the aim is to prepare the patient for chemotherapy. It is mandatory that the patients are informed carefully about what can be expected regarding the positive effects and the risks of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Heedman
- Unit of Co-ordinated Cancer Investigation, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Palliative Education and Research Center, Linköping, Sweden
| | - E. Åstradsson
- Unit of Palliative Care, Department of Specialized Home Care, Region of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K. Blomquist
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - R. Sjödahl
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Al Mahjoub A, Menahem B, Fohlen A, Dupont B, Alves A, Launoy G, Lubrano J. Preoperative Biliary Drainage in Patients with Resectable Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Is Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Safer and More Effective than Endoscopic Biliary Drainage? A Meta-Analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:576-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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32
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Wybranski C, Pech M, Lux A, Ricke J, Fischbach F, Fischbach K. Hybrid Approach for Biliary Interventions Employing MRI-Guided Bile Duct Puncture with Near-Real-Time Imaging. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 40:884-893. [PMID: 28160096 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of a hybrid approach employing MRI-guided bile duct (BD) puncture for subsequent fluoroscopy-guided biliary interventions in patients with non-dilated (≤3 mm) or dilated BD (≥3 mm) but unfavorable conditions for ultrasonography (US)-guided BD puncture. METHODS A total of 23 hybrid interventions were performed in 21 patients. Visualization of BD and puncture needles (PN) in the interventional MR images was rated on a 5-point Likert scale by two radiologists. Technical success, planning time, BD puncture time and positioning adjustments of the PN as well as technical success of the biliary intervention and complication rate were recorded. RESULTS Visualization even of third-order non-dilated BD and PN was rated excellent by both radiologists with good to excellent interrater agreement. MRI-guided BD puncture was successful in all cases. Planning and BD puncture times were 1:36 ± 2.13 (0:16-11:07) min. and 3:58 ± 2:35 (1:11-9:32) min. Positioning adjustments of the PN was necessary in two patients. Repeated capsular puncture was not necessary in any case. All biliary interventions were completed successfully without major complications. CONCLUSION A hybrid approach which employs MRI-guided BD puncture for subsequent fluoroscopy-guided biliary intervention is feasible in clinical routine and yields high technical success in patients with non-dilated BD and/or unfavorable conditions for US-guided puncture. Excellent visualization of BD and PN in near-real-time interventional MRI allows successful cannulation of the BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wybranski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Maciej Pech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical School, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Lux
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical School, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical School, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Fischbach
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical School, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Fischbach
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical School, Magdeburg, Germany
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