Duration of Nil Per Os is causal in hospital length of stay following laparoscopic bariatric surgery

Perioperative efficiency of sugammadex following minimally invasive gastric sleeve surgery: A superiority trial

BACKGROUND

Studies have proposed that the routine use of sugammadex could provide perioperative time savings and a reduction in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of sugammadex on perioperative times and on the incidences of adverse events when compared with the active control, neostigmine, for minimally invasive gastric sleeve surgery.

METHODS

Following institutional review board approval, patient characteristics, type of primary neuromuscular blocking reversal agents, operating room discharge times, post-anaesthesia care unit recovery times, and incidences of and treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting and orotracheal reintubation were the measures of interest. Superiority testing determined the between-group means differences of the reversal agents on the two perioperative time periods of interest.

RESULTS

Superiority testing demonstrated no improvement of the two perioperative times with sugammadex. There was no clinical difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting or in the number of antiemetic doses received in the post-anaesthesia care unit between the two groups. Finally, the two orotracheal reintubations in the post-anaesthesia care unit were in the sugammadex administered group.

CONCLUSION

These results with sugammadex provide no perioperative time savings or reduce the incidence and treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting in the post-anaesthesia care unit when compared with neostigmine.

Is Elective Nighttime Operation Associated With Adverse Outcomes? Analysis in Immediate Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction

BACKGROUND

Despite the long-standing presumption that nighttime surgery could affect adverse outcomes, its association independent of patient's general condition and disease severity remains unclear. We hypothesized that conducting elective surgery for subjects with good physical status at nighttime was not associated with increased risks of postoperative complications and aimed to examine it in tissue-expander-insertion (TEI) operation for breast reconstruction.

METHOD

Patients who underwent immediate unilateral TEI-based breast reconstruction between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled. They were categorized into 3 groups based on the starting time of the TEI operation: 8 am to 6 pm (group 1), 6 pm to 8 pm (group 2), and after 8 pm (group 3). The postoperative complication rates were compared among the groups. The independent associations of each variable, including the operation starting time and adverse outcomes, were analyzed.

RESULTS

In total, 1458 patients were analyzed, including 970 in group 1, 358 in group 2, and 130 in group 3. The groups showed similar baseline characteristics regarding comorbidities and the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. Compared with group 1, group 3 was associated with significantly increased rates of overall complications including infection, reoperation, and premature removal of the tissue expander. These differences retained influences in the multivariable analyses. Group 3 showed a significantly longer hospitalization period than the other 2 groups. The complication rates did not differ between groups 1 and 2.

CONCLUSIONS

Conducting TEI operation at nighttime seems to be associated with increased risks of adverse postoperative outcomes compared with conducting it during regular working hours.

Nulla Per Os (NPO) guidelines: time to revisit?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Preoperative fasting guidelines are generalized to elective procedures and usually do not distinguish between the ambulatory and inpatient setting. Prevalence of aspiration is low while prolonged preoperative fasting is common clinical reality. Recently, changes in preoperative fasting guidelines have been widely discussed.

RECENT FINDINGS

Rates of prolonged clear fluid fasting (>4 h) prior to surgery are reported in up to 80% of patients with mean fasting duration of up to 16 h and beyond. Prolonged fasting may result in adverse effects such as intraoperative hemodynamic instability, postoperative delirium, patient discomfort, and extended hospital length of stay. Liberal approaches allowing clear fluids up to 1 h prior to anesthesia or until premedication/call to the operating room have shown no increase in adverse events among children. Various anesthesia societies now encourage clear fluid intake up to 1 h prior to pediatric elective anesthesia. Similar reports in the adult cohort are scarce.

SUMMARY

Allowing sips of water until call to the operating room may help reducing prolonged preoperative fasting and improving patient comfort while keeping a flexibility in operating room schedule. The feasibility and safety of a liberal clear fluid fasting regimen among adults undergoing elective anesthesia needs to be evaluated in future studies.

A Dose-Response Analysis of Crystalloid Administration during Esophageal Resection

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the role of intraoperative crystalloid administration on postoperative hospital length of stay (phLOS) and on the incidence of previously reported adverse events in 100 consecutive patients who underwent esophageal resection.

METHODS

The role of previously reported patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and intraoperative crystalloid administration on the duration of phLOS underwent statistical screening criteria for multivariable analysis, including the use of an instrumental variable to measure the role of unmeasured confounders on phLOS. Tests to assess the likelihood of causality also were performed.

RESULTS

When the volumes of intraoperative crystalloids were expressed as dose-response relationships to outcomes, progressive decreases in phLOS, variances in phLOS, and the incidences of unplanned surgical intensive care unit admission, postoperative pneumonia, respiratory failure requiring orotracheal intubation, nonsinus cardiac dysrhythmias, and anastomotic leak were observed. Intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells greatly increased the duration of phLOS, which was not associated with estimated blood loss, length of surgical operation, or unplanned surgical intensive care unit admission. Instrumental variable analysis revealed no significant influence on phLOS. Causality tests supported the role of intraoperative crystalloid administration in reducing the duration and variance of phLOS.

CONCLUSIONS

A dose-response relationship was clinically observed between intraoperative crystalloid administration and the duration and variance of phLOS and with commonly reported postoperative adverse events. Intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells greatly increased phLOS that was not associated with the severity of the surgical operation. Instrumental variables and tests for causality further supported the role of intraoperative crystalloid administration in reducing the duration and variance of phLOS.

Survey of nil per os duration of patients admitted to the emergency department due to vomiting

During the acute phase of vomiting, even a small amount of water may not be tolerated by mouth. Early refeeding may cause re-vomiting in patients, whereas late refeeding may result in dehydration and hypoglycemia. Nil per os (NPO) may be generally recommended by primary physicians, but the appropriate NPO duration for these patients is still unclear.The study aimed to identify the ideal NPO duration for patients with acute vomiting.We prospectively recruited patients with vomiting who underwent NPO management and were administered antiemetic agents in the emergency department (ED) and the pediatric ED. The demographics, final diagnosis, clinical manifestations, medical management, NPO duration, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed to identify the ideal NPO durationA total of 304 patients with vomiting who were admitted in the ED were enrolled. The major diagnosis was acute gastroenteritis (AGE) (82.9%), followed by acute gastritis and colitis. Most patients were younger than 6 years (43.8%). Apart from abdominal pain and vomiting, nausea was the most common symptom (93.1%). NPO duration of 4 to 6 hours had the lowest rate of refeeding failure (3.7%) compared to the other NPO durations.For patients with acute vomiting who are admitted to the ED, NPO duration of 4 to 6 hours may be necessary and should be recommended by primary ED physicians.