1
|
Glomerulonefritis aguda postinfecciosa por Streptococcus equi en paciente pediátrico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 39:50-51. [PMID: 32534744 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
2
|
Abstract
Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis or infection-related glomerulonephritis has been associated with several viral or bacterial infections. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection is the prototypical cause of postinfectious glomerulonephritis and the main focus of this discussion. The clinical spectrum can vary widely, from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria incidentally detected on routine urinalysis to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with acute kidney injury requiring emergent dialysis. Other important causes include glomerulonephritis associated with endocarditis and ventriculoatrial shunt infections. Multiple renal pathologic conditions have been associated with hepatitis B and C infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A K Hunt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Vermont Children's Hospital, Larner College of Medicine, UVM Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue, Smith 5, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Michael J G Somers
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veldeman L, De Wilde K, Vogelaers D, Lerut E, Vonck A, Mertens D, Koch A, Beckers J. Acute renal failure with need for renal replacement therapy as a complication of zoonotic S. zooepidemicus infection: case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 2018; 73:144-150. [PMID: 28508721 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1326547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus zooepidemicus is an animal commensal with the potential of zoonotic transmission through ingestion of contaminated dairy products, leading to outbreaks of Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN). We report for the first time acute renal failure with need for renal replacement therapy, as a complication of S. zooepidemicus bacteremia resulting from direct horse to human transmission in a young adult. Both clinical disease course and immunohistochemical staining patterns on renal biopsy had some atypical features of PSGN suggesting persistent activation of the alternative complement pathway but no known complement factor dysregulations could be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Veldeman
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, az St.-Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vogelaers
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Pathology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Vonck
- Department of Nephrology, az St.-Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Dien Mertens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Koch
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, az St.-Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Jan Beckers
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, az St.-Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Le-Berre N, Filipozzi P, Martin L, Frimat L, Girerd S. Glomérulonéphrite aiguë post-infectieuse à Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus : premier cas décrit en France. Nephrol Ther 2017; 13:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.07.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Kudirkiene E, Welker M, Knudsen NR, Bojesen AM. Rapid and accurate identification of Streptococcus equi subspecies by MALDI-TOF MS. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 38:315-22. [PMID: 25944783 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi includes very important animal and human pathogens. S. equi subsp. equi (SEE) is a highly pathogenic equine specific subspecies, while S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) and S. equi subsp. ruminatorum are opportunistic pathogens of various animal species and humans. Due to great phenotypic and sequence similarity between three subspecies their discrimination remains difficult. In this study, we aimed to design and validate a novel, Superspectra based, MALDI-TOF MS approach for reliable, rapid and cost-effective identification of SEE and SEZ, the most frequent S. equi subspecies in horses. Superspectra created in this study enabled correct identification of 86 strains belonging to different subspecies of S. equi, isolated from various hosts, infection sites and years. In general, higher average identification accuracy was achieved for SEE (99.0±3.0%) than for SEZ (93.3±7.5%). This result may be attributed to the highly clonal population structure of SEE, as opposed to the diversity of SEZ seen in horses. Importantly strains with atypical colony appearance both within SEE and SEZ did not affect correct identification of the strains by MALDI-TOF MS. Atypical colony variants are often associated with a higher persistence or virulence of S. equi, thus their correct identification using the current method strengthens its potential use in routine clinical diagnostics. In conclusion, reliable identification of S. equi subspecies was achieved by combining a MALDI-TOF MS method with spectra analyses using the SARAMIS database. Additionally, first results on subtyping of SEZ indicated that a more refined discrimination, for example for epidemiological surveys, may be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Martin Welker
- BioMérieux SA, Unit Microbiology, R&D Microbiology, La Balme Les Grottes 38390, France
| | - Nanna R Knudsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anders M Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, traditionally classified under Group C Streptococci, is primarily a veterinary pathogen. Rarely, it may cause infections such as bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis and pneumonia in humans. Musculoskeletal infections secondary to this pathogen are very uncommon. The authors present the first case of osteomyelitis due to S. zooepidemicus in a farmer who had close contact with a dead horse. The authors review all cases of osteoarticular infections secondary to this microbe, in addition to providing an overview of clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of this infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nataneli N, Aguilera ZP, Rosenbaum PS, Goldstein T, Mayers M. Poststreptococcal keratouveitis associated with group C streptococcus pharyngitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:1257-9. [PMID: 21966196 PMCID: PMC3180493 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s19479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the first case of poststreptococcal syndrome uveitis (PSU) in association with group C streptococcus (GCS). Patients and methods Chart review of a 24-year-old man who presented with bilateral ocular redness, pain, and photophobia for 5 days and “white rings” around his eyes for a duration of 3 days. The patient further reported fever and sore throat in the preceding week. Slit-lamp examination showed bilateral keratouveitis. A thorough uveitis workup, antistreptolysin O (ASLO) titer, and throat culture were obtained. The patient was treated with frequent topical steroids and systemic doxycycline. The uveitis and keratitis subsided over the next few weeks, leaving extensive peripheral keratolysis. Results The results of laboratory diagnostic testing revealed an elevated ASLO, C-reactive protein, as well as HLA-B27 positivity. Throat cultures grew beta-hemolytic GCS; group A streptococcus was culture negative. Conclusion GCS pharyngitis may be a causative organism of PSU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Nataneli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Acke E, Abbott Y, Pinilla M, Markey BK, Leonard FC. Isolation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus from three dogs in close contact with horses. Vet Rec 2010; 167:102-3. [PMID: 20643889 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Acke
- University Veterinary Hospital, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abbott Y, Acke E, Khan S, Muldoon EG, Markey BK, Pinilla M, Leonard FC, Steward K, Waller A. Zoonotic transmission of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from a dog to a handler. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:120-123. [PMID: 19745031 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.012930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report to describe the apparent transmission of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from an infected dog to a handler who subsequently developed severe systemic infection. Characterization of the haemolytic streptococci isolated from both the patient and the dog, by phenotypic and molecular analysis, confirmed the canine and human isolates were identical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Abbott
- Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E Acke
- Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Khan
- Beacon Hospital, Sandyford, Dublin 18, Ireland
| | - E G Muldoon
- St James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - B K Markey
- Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Pinilla
- Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - F C Leonard
- Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - K Steward
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | - A Waller
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barroso V, Rohde M, Dinkla K, Chhatwal GS. Evaluation of the potential of animal streptococcal isolates belonging to serogroups C and G to elicit acute rheumatic fever. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1183-7. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.9.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Beres SB, Sesso R, Pinto SWL, Hoe NP, Porcella SF, DeLeo FR, Musser JM. Genome sequence of a Lancefield group C Streptococcus zooepidemicus strain causing epidemic nephritis: new information about an old disease. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3026. [PMID: 18716664 PMCID: PMC2516327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of disease attributable to human error or natural causes can provide unique opportunities to gain new information about host-pathogen interactions and new leads for pathogenesis research. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), a sequela of infection with pathogenic streptococci, is a common cause of preventable kidney disease worldwide. Although PSGN usually occurs after infection with group A streptococci, organisms of Lancefield group C and G also can be responsible. Despite decades of study, the molecular pathogenesis of PSGN is poorly understood. As a first step toward gaining new information about PSGN pathogenesis, we sequenced the genome of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain MGCS10565, a group C organism that caused a very large and unusually severe epidemic of nephritis in Brazil. The genome is a circular chromosome of 2,024,171 bp. The genome shares extensive gene content, including many virulence factors, with genetically related group A streptococci, but unexpectedly lacks prophages. The genome contains many apparently foreign genes interspersed around the chromosome, consistent with the presence of a full array of genes required for natural competence. An inordinately large family of genes encodes secreted extracellular collagen-like proteins with multiple integrin-binding motifs. The absence of a gene related to speB rules out the long-held belief that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B or antibodies reacting with it singularly cause PSGN. Many proteins previously implicated in GAS PSGN, such as streptokinase, are either highly divergent in strain MGCS10565 or are not more closely related between these species than to orthologs present in other streptococci that do not commonly cause PSGN. Our analysis provides a comparative genomics framework for renewed appraisal of molecular events underlying APSGN pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Beres
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pathology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Sesso
- Division of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nancy P. Hoe
- Division of Occupational Health and Safety, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Porcella
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Frank R. DeLeo
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - James M. Musser
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pathology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, the most common form of acute glomerulonephritis in children, continues to be a major concern worldwide. This review summarizes the recent advances in the pathogenesis, host susceptibility factors, diverse clinical presentations, and treatment of the condition. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent advances have been made in identifying streptococcal antigens that may play a pathogenic role in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Nephritis-associated streptococcal plasmin receptor and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B are currently considered major putative nephritogens. Host susceptibility factors including HLA-DRB1*03011 have been found at a higher frequency in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis patients than in healthy controls. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are newly reported clinical associations with the disease. Studies from developing countries question whether the outcome is always benign. Treatment remains mostly conservative; however, controversy exists over the use of aggressive therapy with poor prognostic factors. SUMMARY Severe group A streptococcal disease including acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and among impoverished populations. Various reports on the diverse clinical manifestations that can be associated with the condition will aid physicians in prompt diagnosis and intervention, while studies focusing on better understanding of immunopathogenesis may facilitate vaccine development and prevention.
Collapse
|