1
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Mari W, Younes S, Sheehan E, Oroszi TL, Cool DR, Suliman R, Simman R. Wound Fluid Extracellular Microvesicles: A Potential Innovative Biomarker for Wound Healing. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5781. [PMID: 38706469 PMCID: PMC11068147 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles, or microvesicles, are a large family of membrane-bound fluid-filled sacs that cells release into the extracellular environment. Extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) are essential for cell-to-cell communications that promote wound healing. We hypothesize a correlation between the concentration of EMVs in wound fluid and the percentage of wound healing in treated chronic, nonhealing, wounds. A prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate EMV concentration in relation to wound healing percentages. Methods Wound fluid samples were obtained from 16 patients with stage IV trunk pressure ulcers. Patients were divided equally into two groups: (1) control group on negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) alone and (2) study group with NPWT plus porcine extracellular matrix dressing. NPWT was replaced two times a week, and porcine extracellular matrix applied once weekly for all subjects. An NPWT canister device, called a wound vacuum-assisted closure, containing wound fluid was collected from each patient every 4 weeks. EMVs were isolated and the concentration measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results The study group's total healing percentage was around 89% after 12 weeks compared with the control group's percentage of about 52% (P ≤ 0.05). Using R programming software, simple linear regression was carried out to investigate the hypothesis. Data demonstrated significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.70; P = 0.05) between EMV concentrations and the healing percentage. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between EMV concentration and wound healing percentages. Results propose that the EMVs in wound fluid could serve as a biomarker for healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Sara Younes
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Erin Sheehan
- College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Terry L Oroszi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - David R Cool
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Rajab Suliman
- Department of Information, Operation and Technology Management, John B. and Lillian E. Neff College of Business and Innovation, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Richard Simman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
- Wound Care Program, ProMedica Health Network, Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, Ohio
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2
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Panagiotou N, McGuinness D, Jaminon AMG, Mees B, Selman C, Schurgers L, Shiels PG. Microvesicle-Mediated Tissue Regeneration Mitigates the Effects of Cellular Ageing. Cells 2023; 12:1707. [PMID: 37443741 PMCID: PMC10340655 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos), are membranous vesicles secreted by cells which mediate the repair of cellular and tissue damage via paracrine mechanisms. The action of EVs under normative and morbid conditions in the context of ageing remains largely unexplored. We demonstrate that MVs, but not Exos, from Pathfinder cells (PCs), a putative stem cell regulatory cell type, enhance the repair of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) co-cultures, following both mechanical and genotoxic stress. Critically, this effect was found to be both cellular age and stress specific. Notably, MV treatment was unable to repair mechanical injury in older co-cultures but remained therapeutic following genotoxic stress. These observations were further confirmed in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) co-cultures of increasing cellular age. In a model of comorbidity comprising co-cultures of HDFs and highly senescent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) VSMCs, MV administration appeared to be senotherapeutic, following both mechanical and genotoxic stress. Our data provide insights into EVs and the specific roles they play during tissue repair and ageing. These data will potentiate the development of novel cell-free therapeutic interventions capable of attenuating age-associated morbidities and avoiding undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Davidson Building, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.P.)
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (D.M.)
| | - Armand M. G. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, 6229 ER Maastricht, NetherlandsThe Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC),
Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Colin Selman
- Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Leon Schurgers
- School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (D.M.)
- Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Davidson Building, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.P.)
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3
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are anuclear particles composed of lipid bilayers that contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and organelles. EVs act as an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication by transmitting biological signals or components, including lipids, proteins, messenger RNAs, DNA, microRNAs, organelles, etc, to nearby or distant target cells to activate and regulate the function and phenotype of target cells. Under physiological conditions, EVs play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the pulmonary milieu but they can also be involved in promoting the pathogenesis and progression of various respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary artery hypertension. In addition, in multiple preclinical studies, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects on reducing and repairing lung injuries. Furthermore, in recent years, researchers have explored different methods for modifying EVs or enhancing EVs-mediated drug delivery to produce more targeted and beneficial effects. This article will review the characteristics and biogenesis of EVs and their role in lung homeostasis and various acute and chronic lung diseases and the potential therapeutic application of EVs in the field of clinical medicine.
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4
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Xue J, Du R, Ling S, Song J, Yuan X, Liu C, Sun W, Li Y, Zhong G, Wang Y, Yuan G, Jin X, Liu Z, Zhao D, Li Y, Xing W, Fan Y, Liu Z, Pan J, Zhen Z, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Li J, Chang YZ, Li Y. Osteoblast Derived Exosomes Alleviate Radiation- Induced Hematopoietic Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850303. [PMID: 35528209 PMCID: PMC9070646 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages, mitigating the damage to hematopoietic stem cells is important for recovery from overdose radiation injury. Cells in bone marrow microenvironment are essential for hematopoietic stem cells maintenance and protection, and many of the paracrine mediators have been discovered in shaping hematopoietic function. Several recent reports support exosomes as effective regulators of hematopoietic stem cells, but the role of osteoblast derived exosomes in hematopoietic stem cells protection is less understood. Here, we investigated that osteoblast derived exosomes could alleviate radiation damage to hematopoietic stem cells. We show that intravenous injection of osteoblast derived exosomes promoted WBC, lymphocyte, monocyte and hematopoietic stem cells recovery after irradiation significantly. By sequencing osteoblast derived exosomes derived miRNAs and verified in vitro, we identified miR-21 is involved in hematopoietic stem cells protection via targeting PDCD4. Collectively, our data demonstrate that osteoblast derived exosomes derived miR-21 is a resultful regulator to radio-protection of hematopoietic stem cells and provide a new strategy for reducing radiation induced hematopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Xue
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Youyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinna Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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5
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Li S, Shao L, Xu T, Jiang X, Yang G, Dong L. An indispensable tool: Exosomes play a role in therapy for radiation damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111401. [PMID: 33761615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the three main treatments for tumors. Almost 70% of tumor patients undergo radiotherapy at different periods. Although radiotherapy can enhance the local control rate of tumors and patients' quality of life, normal tissues often show radiation damage following radiotherapy. In recent years, several studies have shown that exosomes could be biomarkers for diseases and be involved in the treatment of radiation damage. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles containing complex miRNAs and proteins. They can regulate the inflammatory response, enhance the regeneration effect of damaged tissue, and promote the repair of damaged tissues and cells, extending their survival time. In addition, their functions are achieved by paracrine signaling. In this review, we discuss the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and introduce the impact of exosomes on radiation damage in different organs and the hematopoietic system in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lihong Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Guozi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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6
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Sun B, Zhai S, Zhang L, Sun G. The role of extracellular vesicles in podocyte autophagy in kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:299-316. [PMID: 33619681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key cells involved in protein filtration in the glomerulus. Once proteins appear in the urine when podocytes fail, patients will end with renal failure due to the progression of glomerular damage if no proper treatment is applied. The injury and loss of podocytes can be attributed to diverse factors, such as genetic, immunologic, toxic, or metabolic disorders. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate the unwanted cytoplasmic materials and to prolong the lifespan of podocytes by alleviating cell damage and stress. Typically, the fundamental function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is to mediate the intercellular communication. Recent studies have suggested that, EVs, especially exosomes, play a certain role in information transfer by communicating proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs with recipient cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs assist in the bioinformation interchange between kidneys and other organs. It is suggested that EVs are related to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. However, the role of EVs in podocyte autophagy remains unclear so far. Here, this study integrated the existing information about the relevancy, diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of EVs in a variety of podocytes-related diseases. The accumulating evidence highlighted that autophagy played a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubo Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Abreu SC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:600711. [PMID: 33659247 PMCID: PMC7917181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential therapy for several diseases. These plasma membrane-derived fragments are released constitutively by virtually all cell types-including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-under stimulation or following cell-to-cell interaction, which leads to activation or inhibition of distinct signaling pathways. Based on their size, intracellular origin, and secretion pathway, EVs have been grouped into three main populations: exosomes, microvesicles (or microparticles), and apoptotic bodies. Several molecules can be found inside MSC-derived EVs, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, microRNAs, DNAs, as well as organelles that can be transferred to damaged recipient cells, thus contributing to the reparative process and promoting relevant anti-inflammatory/resolutive actions. Indeed, the paracrine/endocrine actions induced by MSC-derived EVs have demonstrated therapeutic potential to mitigate or even reverse tissue damage, thus raising interest in the regenerative medicine field, particularly for lung diseases. In this review, we summarize the main features of EVs and the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs in several lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary infections [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)], asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cystic fibrosis (CF), among others. Finally, we list a number of limitations associated with this therapeutic strategy that must be overcome in order to translate effective EV-based therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Klyachko NL, Arzt CJ, Li SM, Gololobova OA, Batrakova EV. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics: Preclinical and Clinical Investigations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1171. [PMID: 33271883 PMCID: PMC7760239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanoformulations hold remarkable promise for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to a disease site. Unfortunately, artificial nanocarriers, mostly liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, show limited applications due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and rapid clearance from the blood circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Besides, many of them have high cytotoxicity, low biodegradability, and the inability to cross biological barriers, including the blood brain barrier. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel candidates for drug delivery systems with high bioavailability, exceptional biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. They provide a means for intercellular communication and the transmission of bioactive compounds to targeted tissues, cells, and organs. These features have made them increasingly attractive as a therapeutic platform in recent years. However, there are many obstacles to designing EV-based therapeutics. In this review, we will outline the main hurdles and limitations for therapeutic and clinical applications of drug loaded EV formulations and describe various attempts to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Klyachko
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.L.K.); (O.A.G.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Camryn J. Arzt
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Samuel M. Li
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Olesia A. Gololobova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.L.K.); (O.A.G.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.L.K.); (O.A.G.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
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9
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Noori L, Arabzadeh S, Mohamadi Y, Mojaverrostami S, Mokhtari T, Akbari M, Hassanzadeh G. Intrathecal administration of the extracellular vesicles derived from human Wharton's jelly stem cells inhibit inflammation and attenuate the activity of inflammasome complexes after spinal cord injury in rats. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:87-98. [PMID: 32717259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of inflammasome complexes during spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to conversion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) to their active form to initiates the neuroinflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed anti-inflammatory properties through their extracellular vehicles (EVs). We investigated immunomodulatory potential of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles (hWJ-MSC-EVs) on inflammasome activity one week after SCI in rats. The gene expression and protein level of IL-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and caspase1, were assessed by QPCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done to measure the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Nestin expression. Cell death, histological evaluation and hind limb locomotion was studied by TUNEL assay, Nissl staining and Basso, Beattie, Bresnaham (BBB), respectively. Our finding represented that intrathecally administrated of hWJ-MSC-EVs significantly attenuated expression of the examined factors in both mRNA (P < 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01) and protein levels (P < 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01), decreased GFAP and increased Nestin expression (P < 0.05), reduced cell death and revealed the higher number of typical neurons in ventral horn of spinal cord. Consequently, progress in locomotion. We came to the conclusion that hWJ-MSC-EVs has the potential to control the inflammasome activity after SCI in rats. Moreover, EVs stimulated the neural progenitor cells and modulate the astrocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Noori
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Arabzadeh
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Ale Taha Institute of Higher Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sina Mojaverrostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience and addiction studies, School of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Cheng Y, Cao X, Qin L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32373121 PMCID: PMC7186296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a serious and life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. Due to the unique immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and reparative properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for diverse diseases and have shown great therapeutic potential in sepsis. However, concerns remain regarding whether MSCs can become tumorigenic or have other side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed particles released from almost any cell and perform an important role in intercellular communication. Recently, it has emerged that EVs derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs) appear to exert a therapeutic benefit similar to MSCs in protecting against sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by delivering a cargo that includes RNAs and proteins to target cells. More importantly, compared to their parent cells, MSC-EVs have a superior safety profile, can be safely stored without losing function, and possess other advantages. Hence, MSC-EVs may be used as a novel alternative to MSC-based therapy in sepsis. Here, we summarize the properties and applications of MSC-EVs in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Zhou H, Li X, Yin Y, He XT, An Y, Tian BM, Hong YL, Wu LA, Chen FM. The proangiogenic effects of extracellular vesicles secreted by dental pulp stem cells derived from periodontally compromised teeth. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32143712 PMCID: PMC7060605 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from periodontally compromised teeth (P-DPSCs) have been demonstrated to retain pluripotency and regenerative potential, their use as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the proangiogenic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by P-DPSCs using in vitro and in vivo testing models. Methods Patient-matched DPSCs derived from periodontally healthy teeth (H-DPSCs) were used as the control for P-DPSCs. Conditioned media (CMs) derived from H-DPSCs and P-DPSCs (H-CM and P-CM), CMs derived from both cell types pretreated with the EV secretion blocker GW4869 (H-GW and P-GW), and EVs secreted by H-DPSCs and P-DPSCs (H-EVs and P-EVs) were prepared to test their proangiogenic effects on endothelial cells (ECs). Cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell/scratch wound healing, and Matrigel assays, respectively. Specifically, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes/proteins in ECs in response to EV-based incubation. Finally, a full-thickness skin defect model was applied to test the effects of EVs on wound healing and new vessel formation. Results Both H-CM and P-CM promoted EC angiogenesis, but the proangiogenic effects were compromised when ECs were incubated in H-GW and P-GW, wherein the EV secretion was blocked by pretreatment with GW4869. In EV-based incubations, although both H-EVs and P-EVs were found to enhance the angiogenesis-related activities of ECs, P-EVs exerted a more robust potential to stimulate EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In addition, P-EVs led to higher expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes/proteins in ECs than H-EVs. Similarly, both P-EVs and H-EVs were found to accelerate wound healing and promote vascularization across skin defects in mice, but wounds treated with P-EVs resulted in a quicker healing outcome and enhanced new vessel formation. Conclusions The findings of the present study provide additional evidence that P-DPSCs derived from periodontally diseased teeth represent a potential source of cells for research and therapeutic use. Particularly, the proangiogenic effects of P-EVs suggest that P-DPSCs may be used to promote new vessel formation in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Long Hong
- Stomatology Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-An Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Lin SC, Liou YM, Ling TY, Chuang YH, Chiang BL. Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce the Interleukin-5 Level Experimentally in Children with Asthma. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1430-1438. [PMID: 31673233 PMCID: PMC6818200 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.33590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated as a new treatment option for various diseases in recent years. However, the role of placenta-derived MSCs in children with asthma remains unclear. We assessed the effect of placenta-derived MSCs on T cell immune responses and cytokine IL-5 levels according to cultures in children with and without asthma. Study design: We enrolled children with and without asthma and recorded asthma symptom scores in the asthma group. Blood samples from children were collected to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and determine the total IgE level. The PBMCs were cultured in vitro with or without MSCs after stimulation with human anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies (0.5 μg/mL) to evaluate the effect of placenta-derived MSCs. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Pre- and post-culture IL-5 levels were measured in all samples. Results: The percentages of activation and proliferation among CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after coculture with MSCs were significantly lower in the asthma group (P < 0.05). IL-5 levels differed significantly between the PBMC culture and PBMC + MSC (P+S) coculture in the asthma group (P < 0.05). IL-5 levels differed significantly between the PBMC culture and P+S coculture in both the lower (P < 0.05) and higher (P < 0.0005) IgE asthma subgroups. IL-5 levels were also decreased in children with all severities of asthma (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Placenta-derived MSCs exerted an anti-IL-5 effect and reduced the IL-5 level in culture in different subgroups of children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Mei Liou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improve the molecular phenotype of isolated rat lungs during ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019; 38:1306-1316. [PMID: 31530458 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury contributes to the development of severe complications in patients undergoing transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) exert beneficial actions comparable to those of MSCs without the risks of the cell-based strategy. This research investigated EV effects during IR injury in isolated rat lungs. METHODS An established model of 180-minutes ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) was used. At 60 minutes EVs (n = 5) or saline (n = 5) were administered. Parallel experiments used labeled EVs to determine EV biodistribution (n = 4). Perfusate samples were collected to perform gas analysis and to assess the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), hyaluronan (HA), inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes. Lung biopsies were taken at 180 minutes to evaluate HA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), gene expression, and histology. RESULTS Compared with untreated lungs, EV-treated organs showed decreased vascular resistance and a rise of perfusate NO metabolites. EVs prevented the reduction in pulmonary ATP caused by IR. Increased medium-high-molecular-weight HA was detected in the perfusate and in the lung tissue of the IR + EV group. Significant differences in cell count on perfusate and tissue samples, together with induction of transcription and synthesis of chemokines, suggested EV-dependent modulation of leukocyte recruitment. EVs upregulated genes involved in the resolution of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biodistribution analysis showed that EVs were retained in the lung tissue and internalized within pulmonary cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows multiple novel EV influences on pulmonary energetics, tissue integrity, and gene expression during IR. The use of cell-free therapies during EVLP could constitute a valuable strategy for reconditioning and repair of injured lungs before transplantation.
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Cai YT, Xiong CL, Shen SL, Rao JP, Liu TS, Qiu F. Mesenchymal stem cell-secreted factors delayed spermatogenesis injuries induced by busulfan involving intercellular adhesion molecule regulation. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13285. [PMID: 31006889 DOI: 10.1111/and.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of bone marrow MSC-derived factors on gonadotropic toxicity induced by busulfan in vivo. The conditioned media (CM) was obtained from MSCs in serum-free incubation for 48 hr and concentrated ~25-fold by ultrafiltration. The CM of HEK 293 cells was treated as control (293-CM). MSC-CM was injected into busulfan mice via caudal veins after 1 day of busulfan treatment for 2 weeks (200 μl per dose/twice weekly). Compared to the 293-CM group, testicular injury was delayed in MSC-CM group, including reduced vacuolations of cells in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium and detachment of cells from basement membrane. Apoptotic spermatogenic cells were significantly decreased in MSC-CM group (p < 0.05). Interesting N-cadherin,ICAM-1 and P-cadherin expressions significantly increased in MSC-CM group, while occludin, ZO-1 and connexin 43 expressions showed no difference among MSC-CM, 293-CM and busulfan groups. Present results suggest MSC-secreted factors protect spermatogenesis impairment after busulfan treatment by reducing the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and enhancing intercellular adhesion molecule expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Cai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Xiong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Peng Rao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Shu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Reis M, Mavin E, Nicholson L, Green K, Dickinson AM, Wang XN. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2538. [PMID: 30473695 PMCID: PMC6237916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are potent regulators of immune responses largely through paracrine signaling. MSC secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are increasingly recognized as the key paracrine factors responsible for the biological and therapeutic function of MSCs. We report the first comprehensive study demonstrating the immunomodulatory effect of MSC-EVs on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function. MSC-EVs were isolated from MSC conditioned media using differential ultracentrifugation. Human monocyte-derived DCs were generated in the absence or presence of MSC-EVs (20 ug/ml) then subjected to phenotypic and functional analysis in vitro. MSC-EV treatment impaired antigen uptake by immature DCs and halted DC maturation resulting in reduced expression of the maturation and activation markers CD83, CD38, and CD80, decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p70 and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. MSC-EV treated DCs also demonstrated a diminished CCR 7 expression after LPS stimulation, coupled with a significantly reduced ability to migrate toward the CCR7-ligand CCL21, although they were still able to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation in vitro. Through microRNA profiling we have identified 49 microRNAs, which were significantly enriched in MSC-EVs compared to their parent MSCs. MicroRNAs with known effect on DC maturation and functions, including miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-126-3p, were detected within the top 10 most enriched miRNAs in MSC-EVs, with MiR-21-5p as the third highest expressed miRNA in MSC-EVs. In silico analysis revealed that miR-21-5p targets the CCR7 gene for degradation. To verify these observations, DCs were transfected with miR-21-5p mimics and analyzed for their ability to migrate toward the CCR7-ligand CCL21 in vitro. MiR-21-5p mimic transfected DCs showed a clear trend of reduced CCR7 expression and a significantly decreased migratory ability toward the CCL21. Our findings suggest that MSC-EVs are able to recapitulate MSC mediated DC modulation and MSC-EV enclosed microRNAs may represent a novel mechanism through which MSCs modulate DC functions. As MSCs are currently used in clinical trials to treat numerous diseases associated with immune dysregulation, such as graft-versus-host disease and inflammatory bowel disease, our data provide novel evidence to inform potential future application of MSC-EVs as a cell-free therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reis
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mavin
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Nicholson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Dickinson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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16
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Pelizzo G, Avanzini MA, Icaro Cornaglia A, De Silvestri A, Mantelli M, Travaglino P, Croce S, Romano P, Avolio L, Iacob G, Dominici M, Calcaterra V. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal cells: perspective treatment for cutaneous wound healing in pediatrics. Regen Med 2018; 13:385-394. [PMID: 29985749 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the effects of the intradermal injection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose stem cells (ASC-EVs) and bone marrow cells (BM-EVs) in an experimental cutaneous wound repair model. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were in vitro expanded from adipose (ASC) or BM tissues (BM-MSC) of rabbits. EVs were separated from the supernatants of confluent ASC and BM-MSCs. Two skin wounds were induced in each animal and treated with MSC or EV injections. Histological examination was performed postinoculation. RESULTS EV-treated wounds exhibited a better restoration compared with the counterpart MSC treatment. ASC-EV-treated wounds were significantly better than BM-EVs (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION EV topical inoculation provides restored architecture during cutaneous wound healing and represents a promising solution for regenerative medicine in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Children's Hospital, Istituto Mediterraneo di Eccellenza Pediatrica, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic, Histology & Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Melissa Mantelli
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Travaglino
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Romano
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Avolio
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Iacob
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults University Hospital of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia & Department of Maternal & Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Luo J, Zhao S, Wang J, Luo L, Li E, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Kang R, Zhao Z. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce ureteral stricture formation in a rat model via the paracrine effect of extracellular vesicles. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4449-4459. [PMID: 29993184 PMCID: PMC6111875 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With no effective therapy to prevent or treat ureteral stricture (US), a multifactorial fibrotic disease after iatrogenic injury of the ureter, the need for new therapies is urgent. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied for treating tissue defects and excessive fibrosis, and recent studies established that one of the main therapeutic vectors of MSCs is comprised in their secretome and represented by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Thus, we have determined to explore the specific role of MSCs‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) treatment in a pre‐clinical model of US. The results firstly showed that either a bolus dose of MSCs or a bolus dose of MSC‐EVs (administration via renal‐arterial) significantly ameliorated ureteral fibrosis and recuperated ureter morphological development in a US rat model. We confirmed our observations through MSCs or MSC‐EVs treatment alleviated hydronephrosis, less renal dysfunction and blunted transforming growth factor‐β1 induced fibration. Due to MSC‐EVs are the equivalent dose of MSCs, and similar curative effects of transplantation of MSCs and MSC‐EVs were observed, we speculated the curative effect of MSCs in treating US might on account of the release of EVs through paracrine mechanisms. Our study demonstrated an innovative strategy to counteract ureteral stricture formation in a rat model of US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintai Luo
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ermao Li
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhou Liu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bucan V, Vaslaitis D, Peck CT, Strauß S, Vogt PM, Radtke C. Effect of Exosomes from Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Neurite Outgrowth and Sciatic Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1812-1824. [PMID: 29931510 PMCID: PMC6394792 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury requires optimal conditions in both macro-environment and microenvironment for promotion of axonal regeneration. However, most repair strategies of traumatic peripheral nerve injury often lead to dissatisfying results in clinical outcome. Though various strategies have been carried out to improve the macro-environment, the underlying molecular mechanism of axon regeneration in the microenvironment provided by nerve conduit remains unclear. In this study, we evaluate the effects of from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs) originating exosomes with respect to sciatic nerve regeneration and neurite growth. Molecular and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the presence of characteristic exosome markers. A co-culture system was established to determine the effect of exosomes on neurite elongation in vitro. The in vivo walking behaviour of rats was evaluated by footprint analysis, and the nerve regeneration was assessed by immunocytochemistry. adMSCs secrete nano-vesicles known as exosomes, which increase neurite outgrowth in vitro and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in vivo. Furthermore, we showed the presence of neural growth factors transcripts in adMSC exosomes for the first time. Our results demonstrate that exosomes, constitutively produced by adMSCs, are involved in peripheral nerve regeneration and have the potential to be utilised as a therapeutic tool for effective tissue-engineered nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen Str. 21, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Desiree Vaslaitis
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen Str. 21, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claas-Tido Peck
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen Str. 21, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Strauß
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen Str. 21, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen Str. 21, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Treatment of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tendon Tear Using Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Polydeoxyribonucleotides in a Rabbit Model. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7146384. [PMID: 29861743 PMCID: PMC5976913 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7146384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate regenerative effects of ultrasound- (US-) guided injection with human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and/or polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injection in a chronic traumatic full-thickness rotator cuff tendon tear (FTRCTT) in a rabbit model. Methods Rabbits (n = 32) were allocated into 4 groups. After a 5 mm sized FTRCTT just proximal to the insertion site on the subscapularis tendon was created by excision, the wound was immediately covered by a silicone tube to prevent natural healing. After 6 weeks, 4 injectants (0.2 mL normal saline, G1-SAL; 0.2 mL PDRN, G2-PDRN; 0.2 mL UCB-MSCs, G3-MSC; and 0.2 mL UCB-MSCs with 0.2 ml PDRN, G4-MSC + PDRN) were injected into the FTRCTT under US guidance. We evaluated gross morphologic changes on all rabbits after sacrifice. Masson's trichrome, anti-type 1 collagen antibody, bromodeoxyuridine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule stain were performed to evaluate histological changes. Motion analysis was also performed. Results The gross morphologic mean tendon tear size in G3-MSC and G4-MSC + PDRN was significantly smaller than that in G1-SAL and G2-PDRN (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the tendon tear size between G3-MSC and G4-MSC + PDRN. In G4-MSC + PDRN, newly regenerated collagen type 1 fibers, proliferating cell activity, angiogenesis, walking distance, fast walking time, and mean walking speed were greater than those in the other three groups on histological examination and motion analysis. Conclusions Coinjection of UCB-MSCs and PDRN was more effective than UCB-MSC injection alone in histological and motion analysis in a rabbit model of chronic traumatic FTRCTT. However, there was no significant difference in gross morphologic change of tendon tear between UCB-MSCs with/without PDRN injection. The results of this study regarding the combination of UCB-MSCs and PDRN are worth additional investigations.
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20
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Ruppert KA, Nguyen TT, Prabhakara KS, Toledano Furman NE, Srivastava AK, Harting MT, Cox CS, Olson SD. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modify Microglial Response and Improve Clinical Outcomes in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:480. [PMID: 29323194 PMCID: PMC5764957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
No current clinical intervention can alter the course of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), or appreciably improve neurological outcome. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the injury sequelae of SCI largely via paracrine effects, although the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. One potential modality is through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we investigate whether systemic administration of EVs isolated from human MSCs (MSCEv) has the potential to be efficacious as an alternative to cell-based therapy for SCI. Additionally, we investigate whether EVs isolated from human MSCs stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines have enhanced anti-inflammatory effects when administered after SCI. Immunohistochemistry supported the quantitative analysis, demonstrating a diminished inflammatory response with apparent astrocyte and microglia disorganization in cord tissue up to 10 mm caudal to the injury site. Locomotor recovery scores showed significant improvement among animals treated with MSCEv. Significant increases in mechanical sensitivity threshold were observed in animals treated with EVs from either naïve MSC (MSCEvwt) or stimulated MSC (MSCEv+), with a statistically significant increase in threshold for MSCEv+-treated animals when compared to those that received MSCEvwt. In conclusion, these data show that treatment of acute SCI with extracellular vesicles derived from human MSCs attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Ruppert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tin T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karthik S Prabhakara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naama E Toledano Furman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew T Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Erten E, Arslan YE. The Great Harmony in Translational Medicine: Biomaterials and Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:21-39. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Vallabhaneni KC, Penfornis P, Xing F, Hassler Y, Adams KV, Mo YY, Watabe K, Pochampally R. Stromal cell extracellular vesicular cargo mediated regulation of breast cancer cell metastasis via ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109861-109876. [PMID: 29299114 PMCID: PMC5746349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have been used to understand the stromal cell properties in solid tumors because of their ablity to differentiate into most cell types. We investigated the role of EVs from hMSCs (hMSC-EVs) in breast cancer metastasis using MDA-MB-231 parental cell line and organotropic sub-lines. We demonstrated that hMSC-EVs significantly suppressed the metastatic potential of the parental cell line when compared to their organotropic sublines. hMSC-EVs induce dormancy in the parental cell line but not in their organotropic sub-lines and miR-205 and miR-31 from EV cargo played a role. Further, Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 N (UBE2N/Ubc13) - metastasis-regulating gene, is a target of these miRNAs and silencing of UBE2N/Ubc13 expression significantly suppressed migration, invasion, and proliferation of breast cancer cells. To summarize, hMSC-EVs support primary breast tumor progression but suppress the metastasis of breast cancer cells that are not organ-committed through the UBE2N/Ubc13 pathway and play a role in premetastic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C. Vallabhaneni
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Patrice Penfornis
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yoni Hassler
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kristen V. Adams
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Radhika Pochampally
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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23
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Minuth WW. Concepts for a therapeutic prolongation of nephrogenesis in preterm and low-birth-weight babies must correspond to structural-functional properties in the nephrogenic zone. Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 29218481 PMCID: PMC5721096 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous investigations are dealing with anlage of the mammalian kidney and primary development of nephrons. However, only few information is available about the last steps in kidney development leading at birth to a downregulation of morphogen activity in the nephrogenic zone and to a loss of stem cell niches aligned beyond the organ capsule. Surprisingly, these natural changes in the developmental program display similarities to processes occurring in the kidneys of preterm and low-birth-weight babies. Although those babies are born at a time with a principally intact nephrogenic zone and active niches, a high proportion of them suffers on impairment of nephrogenesis resulting in oligonephropathy, formation of atypical glomeruli, and immaturity of parenchyma. The setting points out that up to date not identified noxae in the nephrogenic zone hamper primary steps of parenchyma development. In this situation, a possible therapeutic aim is to prolong nephrogenesis by medications. However, actual data provide information that administration of drugs is problematic due to an unexpectedly complex microanatomy of the nephrogenic zone, in niches so far not considered textured extracellular matrix and peculiar contacts between mesenchymal cell projections and epithelial stem cells via tunneling nanotubes. Thus, it remains to be figured out whether disturbance of morphogen signaling altered synthesis of extracellular matrix, disturbed cell-to-cell contacts, or modified interstitial fluid impair nephrogenic activity. Due to most unanswered questions, search for eligible drugs prolonging nephrogenesis and their reliable administration is a special challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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24
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Trohatou O, Roubelakis MG. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Past, Present, and Future. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:217-224. [PMID: 28520465 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of Regenerative Medicine combined with Cell based Therapy and Tissue Engineering represents the fourth pillar of healthcare and provides a promising approach for the treatment of serious diseases. Recently, cell based therapies are focused on the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Human MSCs, that represent a mesoderm derived population of progenitors, are easily expanded in culture. They are capable to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes and exhibit the potential to repair or regenerate damaged tissues. The best characterized source of human MSCs to date is the bone marrow; recently, fetal sources, such as amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, amniotic membranes, or placenta, have also attracted increased attention. Thus, MSCs may represent a valuable tool for tissue repair and cell therapeutic applications. To this end, the main focus of this review is to summarize and evaluate the key characteristics, the sources, and the potential use of MSCs in therapeutic approaches and modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Trohatou
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Roubelakis
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
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25
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Roles in Tumor Growth, Progression, and Drug Resistance. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1758139. [PMID: 28377788 PMCID: PMC5362713 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1758139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ubiquitously present in many tissues. Due to their unique advantages, MSCs have been widely employed in clinical studies. Emerging evidences indicate that MSCs can also migrate to the tumor surrounding stroma and exert complex effects on tumor growth and progression. However, the effect of MSCs on tumor growth is still a matter of debate. Several studies have shown that MSCs could favor tumor growth. On the contrary, other groups have demonstrated that MSCs suppressed tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication in the development of tumor diseases. MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) could mimic the effects of the mesenchymal stem cells from which they originate. Different studies have reported that MSC-EVs may exert various effects on the growth, metastasis, and drug response of different tumor cells by transferring proteins, messenger RNA, and microRNA to recipient cells. In the present review, we summarize the components of MSC-EVs and discuss the roles of MSC-EVs in different malignant diseases, including the related mechanisms that may account for their therapeutic potential. MSC-EVs open up a promising opportunity in the treatment of cancer with increased efficacy.
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26
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Ranghino A, Bruno S, Bussolati B, Moggio A, Dimuccio V, Tapparo M, Biancone L, Gontero P, Frea B, Camussi G. The effects of glomerular and tubular renal progenitors and derived extracellular vesicles on recovery from acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:24. [PMID: 28173878 PMCID: PMC5297206 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and renal stem/progenitors improve the recovery of acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly through the release of paracrine mediators including the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several studies have reported the existence of a resident population of MSCs within the glomeruli (Gl-MSCs). However, their contribution towards kidney repair still remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Gl-MSCs and Gl-MSC-EVs promote the recovery of AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in SCID mice. Moreover, the effects of Gl-MSCs and Gl-MSC-EVs were compared with those of CD133+ progenitor cells isolated from human tubules of the renal cortical tissue (T-CD133+ cells) and their EVs (T-CD133+-EVs). Methods IRI was performed in mice by clamping the left renal pedicle for 35 minutes together with a right nephrectomy. Immediately after reperfusion, the animals were divided in different groups to be treated with: Gl-MSCs, T-CD133+ cells, Gl-MSC-EVs, T-CD133+-EVs or vehicle. To assess the role of vesicular RNA, EVs were either isolated by floating to avoid contamination of non-vesicles-associated RNA or treated with a high dose of RNase. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours after surgery. Results Gl-MSCs, and Gl-MSC-EVs both ameliorate kidney function and reduce the ischemic damage post IRI by activating tubular epithelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, T-CD133+ cells, but not their EVs, also significantly contributed to the renal recovery after IRI compared to the controls. Floating EVs were effective while RNase-inactivated EVs were ineffective. Analysis of the EV miRnome revealed that Gl-MSC-EVs selectively expressed a group of miRNAs, compared to EVs derived from fibroblasts, which were biologically ineffective in IRI. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that Gl-MSCs may contribute in the recovery of mice with AKI induced by IRI primarily through the release of EVs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0478-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ranghino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy.
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Bruno Frea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
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27
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Song Y, Dou H, Li X, Zhao X, Li Y, Liu D, Ji J, Liu F, Ding L, Ni Y, Hou Y. Exosomal miR-146a Contributes to the Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Interleukin-1β-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Sepsis. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1208-1221. [PMID: 28090688 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Improving the immunomodulatory efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through pretreatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines is an evolving field of investigation. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Here, we pretreated human umbilical cord-derived MSCs with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and evaluated their therapeutic effects in a cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model. We found that systemic administration of IL-1β-pretreated MSCs (βMSCs) ameliorated the symptoms of murine sepsis more effectively and increased the survival rate compared with naïve MSCs. Furthermore, βMSCs could more effectively induce macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype through the paracrine activity. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that βMSC-derived exosomes contributed to the enhanced immunomodulatory properties of βMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we found that miR-146a, a well-known anti-inflammatory microRNA, was strongly upregulated by IL-1β stimulation and selectively packaged into exosomes. This exosomal miR-146a was transferred to macrophages, resulted in M2 polarization, and finally led to increased survival in septic mice. In contrast, inhibition of miR-146a through transfection with miR-146a inhibitors partially negated the immunomodulatory properties of βMSC-derived exosomes. Taken together, IL-1β pretreatment effectively enhanced the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs partially through exosome-mediated transfer of miR-146a. Therefore, we believe that IL-1β pretreatment may provide a new modality for better therapeutic application of MSCs in inflammatory disorders. Stem Cells 2017;35:1208-1221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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28
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De Luca L, Trino S, Laurenzana I, Simeon V, Calice G, Raimondo S, Podestà M, Santodirocco M, Di Mauro L, La Rocca F, Caivano A, Morano A, Frassoni F, Cilloni D, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. MiRNAs and piRNAs from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles induce cell survival and inhibit cell differentiation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells: a new insight in transplantation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6676-92. [PMID: 26760763 PMCID: PMC4872742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), including umbilical cord blood CD34+ stem cells (UCB-CD34+), are used for the treatment of several diseases. Although different studies suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) support hematopoiesis, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as a novel avenue of cell communication, which may mediate BM-MSC effect on HSC. In this work, we studied the interaction between UCB-CD34+ cells and BM-MSC derived EVs. First, by sequencing EV derived miRNAs and piRNAs we found that EVs contain RNAs able to influence UCB-CD34+ cell fate. Accordingly, a gene expression profile of UCB-CD34+ cells treated with EVs, identified about 100 down-regulated genes among those targeted by EV-derived miRNAs and piRNAs (e.g. miR-27b/MPL, miR-21/ANXA1, miR-181/EGR2), indicating that EV content was able to modify gene expression profile of receiving cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that UCB-CD34+ cells, exposed to EVs, significantly changed different biological functions, becoming more viable and less differentiated. UCB-CD34+ gene expression profile also identified 103 up-regulated genes, most of them codifying for chemokines, cytokines and their receptors, involved in chemotaxis of different BM cells, an essential function of hematopoietic reconstitution. Finally, the exposure of UCB-CD34+ cells to EVs caused an increased expression CXCR4, paralleled by an in vivo augmented migration from peripheral blood to BM niche in NSG mice. This study demonstrates the existence of a powerful cross talk between BM-MSC and UCB-CD34+ cells, mediated by EVs, providing new insight in the biology of cord blood transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Center, S. Martino Hospital, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Michele Santodirocco
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Puglia Cord Blood Bank, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 (FG), Italy
| | - Lazzaro Di Mauro
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Puglia Cord Blood Bank, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 (FG), Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Annalisa Morano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, 80145, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
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Abstract
The ability of cells to transmit bioactive molecules to recipient cells and the extracellular environment is a fundamental requirement for both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. It has traditionally been thought that soluble factors released from cells were responsible for this cellular signaling but recent research has revealed a fundamental role for microvesicles in this process. Microvesicles are heterogeneous membrane-bound sacs that are shed from the surface of cells into the extracellular environment in a highly regulated process. They are shed following the selective incorporation of a host of molecular cargo including multiple types of proteins and nucleic acids. In addition to providing new insight into the etiology of complex human diseases, microvesicles also show great promise as a tool for advanced diagnosis and therapy as we move forward into a new age of personalized medicine. Here we review current status of the rapidly evolving field of microvesicle biology, highlighting critical regulatory roles for several small GTPases in the biology and biogenesis of shed microvesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tricarico
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN , USA
| | - James Clancy
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN , USA
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30
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Nassar W, El-Ansary M, Sabry D, Mostafa MA, Fayad T, Kotb E, Temraz M, Saad AN, Essa W, Adel H. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles can safely ameliorate the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Biomater Res 2016; 20:21. [PMID: 27499886 PMCID: PMC4974791 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bio-products from stem/progenitor cells, such as extracellular vesicles, are likely a new promising approach for reprogramming resident cells in both acute and chronic kidney disease. Forty CKD patients stage III and IV (eGFR 15–60 mg/ml) have been divided into two groups; twenty patients as treatment group “A” and twenty patients as a matching placebo group “B”. Two doses of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles had been administered to patients of group “A”. Blood urea, serum creatinine, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been used to assess kidney functions and TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IL-10 have been used to assess the amelioration of the inflammatory immune activity. Results Participants in group A exhibited significant improvement of eGFR, serum creatinine level, blood urea and UACR. Patients of the treatment group “A” also exhibited significant increase in plasma levels of TGF-β1, and IL-10 and significant decrease in plasma levels of TNF-α. Participants of the control group B did not show significant improvement in any of the previously mentioned parameters at any time point of the study period. Conclusion Administration of cell-free cord-blood mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles (CF-CB-MSCs-EVs) is safe and can ameliorate the inflammatory immune reaction and improve the overall kidney function in grade III-IV CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Section, Sahel Teaching Hospital, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Internal medicine, Nephrology Section, Faculty of Medicine, October Six University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat El-Ansary
- Department of clinical pathology, stem cells Section, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Mostafa
- Department of Internal medicine, Nephrology Section, Faculty of Medicine, October Six University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Fayad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Section, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esam Kotb
- Department of Internal medicine, Nephrology Section, Faculty of Medicine, October Six University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Section, Sahel Teaching Hospital, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Section, Sahel Teaching Hospital, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Essa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Section, Sahel Teaching Hospital, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Adel
- Department of clinical pathology, stem cells Section, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Li XJ, Oh JM, Lee HW, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. In Vivo therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with optical imaging reporter in tumor mice model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30418. [PMID: 27452924 PMCID: PMC4958922 DOI: 10.1038/srep30418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as a therapeutic armor for cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs have been evaluated for anticancer effects. In vivo targeting of EVs to the tumor is an essential requirement for successful therapy. Therefore, non-invasive methods of monitoring EVs in animal models are crucial for developing EV-based cancer therapies. The present study to develop bioluminescent EVs using Renilla luciferase (Rluc)-expressing MSCs. The EVs from MSC/Rluc cells (EV-MSC/Rluc) were visualized in a murine lung cancer model. The anticancer effects of EVs on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and other cancer cells were assessed. EV-MSC/Rluc were visualized in vivo in the LLC-efffuc tumor model using optical imaging. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed with Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. EV-MSC/Rluc and EV-MSCs showed a significant cytotoxic effect against LLC-effluc cells and 4T1; however, no significant effect on CT26, B16F10, TC1 cells. Moreover, EV-MSC/Rluc inhibited LLC tumor growth in vivo. EV-MSC/Rluc-mediated LLC tumor inhibitory mechanism revealed the decreased pERK and increased cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. We successfully developed luminescent EV-MSC/Rluc that have a therapeutic effect on LLC cells in both in vitro and in vivo. This bioluminescent EV system can be used to optimize EV-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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Extracellular vesicles in renal tissue damage and regeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:83-91. [PMID: 27375075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) appear as important actors in cell-to-cell communication. EV content is characterized by proteins and RNA species that dynamically reflect cell and tissue state. Urinary EVs in particular may act in inter-nephron communication with possible beneficial or detrimental effects. Increasing interest is addressed to the pharmacological properties of EVs as a cell-free therapy, since several of the effects crAQ/tgqcedited to stem cells have been recapitulated by administration of their EVs. Preclinical data in models of renal damage indicate a general regenerative potential of EVs derived from mesenchymal stromal cells of different sources, including bone marrow, fetal tissues, urine and kidney. In this review we will discuss the results on the effect of EVs in repair of acute and chronic renal injury, and the mechanisms involved. In addition, we will analyse the strategies for EV pharmacological applications in renal regenerative medicine and limits and benefits involved.
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Wen S, Dooner M, Cheng Y, Papa E, Del Tatto M, Pereira M, Deng Y, Goldberg L, Aliotta J, Chatterjee D, Stewart C, Carpanetto A, Collino F, Bruno S, Camussi G, Quesenberry P. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles rescue radiation damage to murine marrow hematopoietic cells. Leukemia 2016; 30:2221-2231. [PMID: 27150009 PMCID: PMC5093052 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to reverse radiation damage to marrow stem cells. We have evaluated the capacity of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) to mitigate radiation injury to marrow stem cells at 4 h to 7 days after irradiation. Significant restoration of marrow stem cell engraftment at 4, 24 and 168 h post irradiation by exposure to MSC-EVs was observed at 3 weeks to 9 months after transplant and further confirmed by secondary engraftment. Intravenous injection of MSC-EVs to 500cGy exposed mice led to partial recovery of peripheral blood counts and restoration of the engraftment of marrow. The murine hematopoietic cell line, FDC-P1 exposed to 500cGy, showed reversal of growth inhibition, DNA damage and apoptosis on exposure to murine or human MSC-EVs. Both murine and human MSC-EVs reverse radiation damage to murine marrow cells and stimulate normal murine marrow stem cell/progenitors to proliferate. A preparation with both exosomes and microvesicles was found to be superior to either microvesicles or exosomes alone. Biologic activity was seen in freshly isolated vesicles and in vesicles stored for up to 6 months in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide at -80 °C. These studies indicate that MSC-EVs can reverse radiation damage to bone marrow stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Dooner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Y Cheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - E Papa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Del Tatto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Pereira
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Y Deng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - L Goldberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Aliotta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - D Chatterjee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C Stewart
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Carpanetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Collino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - G Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Wu YW, Goubran H, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T. Smart blood cell and microvesicle-based Trojan horse drug delivery: Merging expertise in blood transfusion and biomedical engineering in the field of nanomedicine. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:309-18. [PMID: 27179926 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of nanomedicine are playing increasingly important roles in human health. Various types of synthetic nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, and other nanotherapeutic platforms and conjugates, are being engineered to encapsulate or carry drugs for treating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and inflammations. Nanocarriers are designed to increase the half-life of drugs, decrease their toxicity and, ideally, target pathological sites. Developing smart carriers with the capacity to deliver drugs specifically to the microenvironment of diseased cells with minimum systemic toxicity is the goal. Blood cells, and potentially also the liposome-like micro- and nano-vesicles they generate, may be regarded as ideally suited to perform such specific targeting with minimum immunogenic risks. Blood cell membranes are "decorated" with complex physiological receptors capable of targeting and communicating with other cells and tissues and delivering their content to the surrounding pathological microenvironment. Blood cells, such as erythrocytes, have been developed as permeable carriers to release drugs to diseased tissues or act as biofactory allowing enzymatic degradation of a pathological substrate. Interestingly, attempts are also being made to improve the targeting capacity of synthetic nanoparticles by "decorating" their surface with blood cell membrane receptor-like biochemical structures. Research is needed to further explore the benefits that blood cell-derived microvesicles, as a Trojan horse delivery systems, can bring to the arsenal of therapeutic micro- and nanotechnologies. This short review focuses on the therapeutic roles that red blood cells and platelets can play as smart drug-delivery systems, and highlights the benefits that blood transfusion expertise can bring to this exciting and novel biomedical engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK.
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abreu SC, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: a therapeutic option in respiratory diseases? Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 27075363 PMCID: PMC4831172 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound fragments released from several cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), constitutively or under stimulation. EVs derived from MSCs and other cell types transfer molecules (such as DNA, proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA, and lipids) and/or organelles with reparative and anti-inflammatory properties to recipient cells. The paracrine anti-inflammatory effects promoted by MSC-derived EVs have attracted significant interest in the regenerative medicine field, including for potential use in lung injuries. In the present review, we describe the characteristics, biological activities, and mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs. We also review the therapeutic potential of EVs as reported in relevant preclinical models of acute and chronic respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, we discuss possible approaches for potentiating the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived EVs so as to enable use of this therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave Given, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Monsel A, Zhu YG, Gudapati V, Lim H, Lee JW. Mesenchymal stem cell derived secretome and extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:859-71. [PMID: 27011289 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1170804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, mortality remains high. No effective pharmacotherapy exists. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem or stromal cell (MSC) as a therapeutic for acute lung injury holds great promise, and clinical trials are currently underway. However, concern for the use of stem cells, specifically the risk of iatrogenic tumor formation, remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence now suggest that novel cell-free therapies including MSC-derived conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles released from MSCs might constitute compelling alternatives. AREAS COVERED The current review summarizes the preclinical studies testing MSC conditioned medium and/or MSC extracellular vesicles as treatment for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases. EXPERT OPINION While certain logistical obstacles limit the clinical applications of MSC conditioned medium such as the volume required for treatment, the therapeutic application of MSC extracellular vesicles remains promising, primarily due to ability of extracellular vesicles to maintain the functional phenotype of the parent cell. However, utilization of MSC extracellular vesicles will require large-scale production and standardization concerning identification, characterization and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Monsel
- a Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care , La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- b Department of Pulmonary Disease , Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Varun Gudapati
- c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Hyungsun Lim
- c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jae W Lee
- c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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Vituret C, Gallay K, Confort MP, Ftaich N, Matei CI, Archer F, Ronfort C, Mornex JF, Chanson M, Di Pietro A, Boulanger P, Hong SS. Transfer of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator to Human Cystic Fibrosis Cells Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:166-83. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Vituret
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Unité BMSSI, UMR 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Kathy Gallay
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Confort
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Najate Ftaich
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Constantin I. Matei
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Université Claude Bernard—Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Archer
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Corinne Ronfort
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Marc Chanson
- Département de Physiologie Cellulaire & Métabolisme, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Unité BMSSI, UMR 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Saw See Hong
- Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, UMR-754 UCBL-INRA-EPHE, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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Lui PPY. Stem cell technology for tendon regeneration: current status, challenges, and future research directions. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:163-74. [PMID: 26715856 PMCID: PMC4685888 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s60832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a common cause of physical disability. They present a clinical challenge to orthopedic surgeons because injured tendons respond poorly to current treatments without tissue regeneration and the time required for rehabilitation is long. New treatment options are required. Stem cell-based therapies offer great potential to promote tendon regeneration due to their high proliferative, synthetic, and immunomodulatory activities as well as their potential to differentiate to the target cell types and undergo genetic modification. In this review, I first recapped the challenges of tendon repair by reviewing the anatomy of tendon. Next, I discussed the advantages and limitations of using different types of stem cells compared to terminally differentiated cells for tendon tissue engineering. The safety and efficacy of application of stem cells and their modified counterparts for tendon tissue engineering were then summarized after a systematic literature search in PubMed. The challenges and future research directions to enhance, optimize, and standardize stem cell-based therapies for augmenting tendon repair were then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Po Yee Lui
- Headquarter, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Bruno S, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. The secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells: Role of extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:154-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hattori Y, Kim H, Tsuboi N, Yamamoto A, Akiyama S, Shi Y, Katsuno T, Kosugi T, Ueda M, Matsuo S, Maruyama S. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth in Models of Acute Kidney Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140121. [PMID: 26509261 PMCID: PMC4625005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition associated with high mortality. However, the available treatments for AKI are limited. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have recently gained attention as a novel source of stem cells. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether SHED have a therapeutic effect on AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods The left renal artery and vein of the mice were clamped for 20 min to induce ischemia. SHED, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) were administered into the subrenal capsule. To confirm the potency of SHED in vitro, H2O2 stimulation assays and scratch assays were performed. Results The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of the SHED group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while BMMSC showed no therapeutic effect. Infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the kidney was significantly attenuated in mice treated with SHED. Cytokine levels (MIP-2, IL-1β, and MCP-1) in mice kidneys were significantly reduced in the SHED group. In in vitro experiments, SHED significantly decreased MCP-1 secretion in tubular epithelial cells (TEC) stimulated with H2O2. In addition, SHED promoted wound healing in the scratch assays, which was blunted by anti-HGF antibodies. Discussion SHED attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved kidney function in AKI induced by IRI. SHED secreted factors reduced MCP-1 and increased HGF expression, which promoted wound healing. These results suggest that SHED might provide a novel stem cell resource, which can be applied for the treatment of ischemic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hattori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hangsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Akiyama
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosugi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiichi Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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The Role of Microvesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lung Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:985814. [PMID: 26064975 PMCID: PMC4443645 DOI: 10.1155/2015/985814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane vesicles that are released by many types of cells and have recently been considered important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. MVs serve as a vehicle to transfer proteins and messenger RNA and microRNA (miRNA) to distant cells, which alters the gene expression, proliferation, and differentiation of the recipient cells. Several studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to reverse acute and chronic lung injury in different experimental models through paracrine mechanisms. This paracrine action may be partially accounted for by MVs that are derived from MSCs. MSC-derived MVs may confer a stem cell-like phenotype to injured cells with the consequent activation of self-regenerative programmers. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and biological activities of MSC-derived MVs, and we describe their potential in novel therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. Additionally, we provide an overview of studies that have assessed the role of MSC-derived MVs in lung diseases, including the mechanisms that may account for their therapeutic potential. Finally, we discuss the clinical use of MSC-derived MVs with several suggestions for enhancing their therapeutic efficiency.
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Pais V, Pais ES. Intercellular communication by extracellular vesicles with emphasis on the roles of cordocytes in the human brain. An ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2015; 39:177-86. [PMID: 25569160 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2014.981327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe in this work the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) along different cell types, especially cordocytes, in various clinical conditions of the human brain (atherothrombotic disease, cerebral tumors, hygroma durae matris, intracerebral cysts, Moyamoya disease and parenchymatous hematoma) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EVs, illustrated as exosomes and microvesicles, were causally related to cell-to-cell communication, and other vital functions of resident cells around the brain parenchyma, either around the cortical vessels or into the subarachnoid space and the reticular arachnoid. Our direct demonstration by TEM of these information transporters in all locations and situations where the cordocytes play coordinating and regulating roles, producing and delivering a significant number of EVs to their targets, remains to be better documented in future studies. This first study on this topic showed clearly that EVs can be important modulators of cell functions with roles in cell activation, differentiation, phenotypic change, cancer progression, from precursor/stem cells to tumoral phenotypes, because EVs are released en masse during key interactions and certain moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Pais
- Independent Researcher , Bucharest , Romania and
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Beltramo E, Lopatina T, Berrone E, Mazzeo A, Iavello A, Camussi G, Porta M. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells induce features of diabetic retinopathy in vitro. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:1055-64. [PMID: 25374383 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Loss of pericytes in the early phases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) may disrupt their stable association with endothelial cells (EC), leading to EC proliferation and, eventually, angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small membrane particles derived from different cells which contain biologically active proteins and RNA and are known to promote phenotypic changes in target cells. In diabetic-like conditions, EV derived from MSC may play a role in vessel destabilization by interfering with the strict interactions between EC/pericytes and pericyte/extracellular matrix. METHODS We examined the behaviour of retinal pericytes exposed to EV derived from MSC cultured in physiological and diabetic-like conditions (high glucose and/or hypoxia). RESULTS MSC-derived EV are able to enter the pericytes, cause their detachment and migration from the substrate, and increase blood-barrier permeability. Moreover, EV added to EC/pericytes co-cultures in Matrigel promote in vitro angiogenesis. These effects may be mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-2, expressed by both EV and EV-stimulated pericytes, and are exacerbated if MSC are previously cultured in conditions (high glucose and/or hypoxia) mimicking the diabetic microvascular milieu. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that MSC-derived EV contribute to angiogenesis, showing that they may not only exert a direct stimulus to EC proliferation, but also induce pericyte detachment, thus leaving EC free to proliferate. In addition, we demonstrate a possible link between EV and the early stages of the pathogenesis of DR. Diabetic-like conditions may influence vessel remodelling during angiogenesis through EV paracrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beltramo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy,
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Morhayim J, Baroncelli M, van Leeuwen JP. Extracellular vesicles: Specialized bone messengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bruno S, Collino F, Iavello A, Camussi G. Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles on tumor growth. Front Immunol 2014; 5:382. [PMID: 25157253 PMCID: PMC4127796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles, which are secreted by a variety of cells that have a relevant role in intercellular communication. EVs derived from various cell types exert different effects on target cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are stem cells that are ubiquitously present in different tissues of the human body, and MSC-derived EVs take part in a wide range of biological processes. Of particular relevance is the effect of MSCs on tumor growth and progression. MSCs have opposing effects on tumor growth, being able either to favor angiogenesis and tumor initiation, or to inhibit progression of established tumors, according to the conditions. Different studies have reported that EVs from MSCs may exert either an anti- or a pro-tumor growth effect depending on tumor type and stage of development. In this review, we will discuss the data presented in the literature on EV-mediated interactions between MSCs and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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Conforti A, Scarsella M, Starc N, Giorda E, Biagini S, Proia A, Carsetti R, Locatelli F, Bernardo ME. Microvescicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells are not as effective as their cellular counterpart in the ability to modulate immune responses in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2591-9. [PMID: 24937591 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that possess broad immunomodulatory properties; the mechanisms underlying these properties have not been completely clarified. Aim of this study was to compare in vitro immunomodulatory effects of MSCs with those of microvesicles (MVs) released in supernatants from the same MSCs. MSCs were generated from bone marrow of 12 healthy donors (HDs) and MVs were isolated from their supernatant by serial ultracentrifugation according to two different procedures. Both MSCs and MVs were characterized by flow cytometry and incubated in vitro with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 12 HDs after stimulation with PHA and CpG. Growth factors and cytokines were quantified by ELISA. MVs were identified as 0.1-1 μm particles positive for CMFDA, CD107, and CD13. MSCs were significantly more capable to inhibit in vitro PHA-induced T-cell proliferation as compared with the corresponding MVs (P<0.01 and P<0.05 for MSC:PBMC ratio 1:2 and 1:10, respectively). While MVs displayed similar inhibitory activity on B-cell proliferation (P=0.43 as compared with PBMCs/CpG/MSCs; MSC:PBMC ratio 1:10) they induced lower inhibitory effect on plasmacell differentiation and antibody secretion (P<0.05 as compared with PBMCs/CpG/MSCs). For both T and B cells, MSC co-colture induced a statistically significant increase in IL-10 and TGFβ and decrease of GM-CSF and IFNγ, as compared with MV incubation. Our data indicate a lower in vitro immunomodulatory effect of MVs on T-cell proliferation and antibody formation, as compared with their cellular counterpart. The relative clinical benefit of either MSCs or MVs needs to be compared in proper prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Conforti
- 1 Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating new strategies to halt the progression of renal damage in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Unfortunately, none of them have considered that the lack of response to new therapies may be due to the pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics profile of the patient. The recent impact of high-throughput technologies used in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics may open a new way for discovering biomarkers that can provide us information about the mechanisms on the progression of renal damage. However, they can also be used for diagnosis and for selecting drugs, leading to personalized tailored therapy. The uses of classifiers formed by a list of genes, proteins and metabolites have been introduced into oncology and organ transplantation. These new approaches have recently also been used in the care of human glomerulonephritis. Integrating the large omic data sets with drug and disease databases could give the prediction of drug efficacy and side effects in CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Schena
- University of Bari and CARSO Consortium , Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari , Italy +39 080 5478869 ; +39 080 5575710 ;
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Lopatina T, Bruno S, Tetta C, Kalinina N, Porta M, Camussi G. Platelet-derived growth factor regulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles by adipose mesenchymal stem cells and enhances their angiogenic potential. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:26. [PMID: 24725987 PMCID: PMC4022079 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies demonstrate the role of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in angiogenesis. The angiogenic mechanism has been ascribed to paracrine factors since these cells secrete a plenty of signal molecules and growth factors. Recently it has been suggested that besides soluble factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) that include exosomes and microvesicles may play a major role in cell-to-cell communication. It has been shown that EVs are implicated in the angiogenic process. RESULTS Herein we studied whether EVs released by ASCs may mediate the angiogenic activity of these cells. Our results demonstrated that ASC-derived EVs induced in vitro vessel-like structure formation by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). EV-stimulated HMEC when injected subcutaneously within Matrigel in SCID mice formed vessels. Treatment of ASCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated the secretion of EVs, changed their protein composition and enhanced the angiogenic potential. At variance of EVs released in basal conditions, PDGF-EVs carried c-kit and SCF that played a role in angiogenesis as specific blocking antibodies inhibited in vitro vessel-like structure formation. The enhanced content of matrix metalloproteinases in PDGF-EVs may also account for their angiogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EVs released by ASCs may contribute to the ASC-induced angiogenesis and suggest that PDGF may trigger the release of EVs with an enhanced angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Sabin K, Kikyo N. Microvesicles as mediators of tissue regeneration. Transl Res 2014; 163:286-95. [PMID: 24231336 PMCID: PMC3976717 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of stem cells in the treatment of various diseases and injuries has received increasing interest during the past decade. Injected stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, stimulate tissue repair largely through the secretion of soluble factors that regulate various processes of tissue regeneration, including inflammatory responses, apoptosis, host cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Recently, it has become apparent that stem cells also use membranous small vesicles, collectively called microvesicles, to repair damaged tissues. Microvesicles are released by many types of cells and exist in almost all types of body fluids. They serve as a vehicle to transfer protein, messenger RNA, and micro RNA to distant cells, altering the gene expression, proliferation, and differentiation of the recipient cells. Although animal models and in vitro studies have suggested promising applications for microvesicles-based regeneration therapy, its effectiveness and feasibility in clinical medicine remain to be established. Further studies of the basic mechanisms responsible for microvesicle-mediated tissue regeneration could lead to novel approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Sabin
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
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Giordano R, Canesi M, Isalberti M, Isaias IU, Montemurro T, Viganò M, Montelatici E, Boldrin V, Benti R, Cortelezzi A, Fracchiolla N, Lazzari L, Pezzoli G. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for progressive supranuclear palsy: translation into a phase I controlled, randomized clinical study. J Transl Med 2014; 12:14. [PMID: 24438512 PMCID: PMC3912501 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a sporadic and progressive neurodegenerative disease which belongs to the family of tauopathies and involves both cortical and subcortical structures. No effective therapy is to date available. Methods/design Autologous bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from patients affected by different type of parkinsonisms have shown their ability to improve the dopaminergic function in preclinical and clinical models. It is also possible to isolate and expand MSC from the BM of PSP patients with the same proliferation rate and immuphenotypic profile as MSC from healthy donors. BM MSC can be efficiently delivered to the affected brain regions of PSP patients where they can exert their beneficial effects through different mechanisms including the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Here we propose a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase I clinical trial in patients affected by PSP with MSC delivered via intra-arterial injection. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial to be applied in a no-option parkinsonism that aims to test the safety and to exploit the properties of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in reducing disease progression. The study has been designed to test the safety of this “first-in-man” approach and to preliminarily explore its efficacy by excluding the placebo effect. Trial registration NCT01824121
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Giordano
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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