Ríos-Barnés M, Fortuny C, Alarcón A, Noguera-Julian A. Renal Involvement in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Systematic Review.
Microorganisms 2021;
9:1304. [PMID:
34203932 PMCID:
PMC8232607 DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms9061304]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most frequent mother-to-child transmitted infection worldwide and a prevalent cause of neonatal disease and long-term morbidity. The kidney is a target organ for CMV, which replicates in renal tubules and is excreted in large quantities in urine for years in children with cCMV infection. Nonetheless, kidney disease has rarely been reported in cCMV-infected patients.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to describe the available data on renal involvement in patients with cCMV infection at the pathologic, functional, anatomical, and/or clinical levels.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases. Studies describing any renal involvement in fetuses or neonates aged ≤3 weeks at diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed cCMV infection were eligible.
RESULTS
Twenty-four articles were included, with a very low level of evidence. Pathologic findings in autopsy studies universally described CMV typical inclusion bodies in tubular cells. No functional studies were identified. cCMV infection was not associated with an increased risk of kidney malformations. Congenital nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical condition associated with cCMV, but a causal relationship cannot be established.
CONCLUSIONS
Typical pathological features of cCMV infection are very common in renal tissue, but they do not seem to entail significant consequences at the anatomical or clinical levels.
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