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Tang Y, Liu X, Zhou W, Qin X. Interpretable Machine Learning Model Based on Superb Microvascular Imaging for Non-Invasive Determination of Crescent Status of IgAN. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5943-5955. [PMID: 39247842 PMCID: PMC11378797 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s476716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the crescentic status of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) non-invasively using a superb microvascular imaging (SMI)-based radiomics machine learning (ML) model. Patients and Methods IgAN patients who underwent renal biopsy from June 2022 to October 2023, with two-dimensional ultrasound (US) and SMI examinations conducted one day prior to the renal biopsy. The patients selected were divided randomly into a training group and a test group in a 7:3 ratio. Radiomic features were extracted from US and SMI images, then radiomic features were constructed and ML models were further established using logistic regression (LR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)XGBoost to determine the crescentic status. The utility of the proposed model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics, calibration, and decision curve analysis. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was utilized to explain the best-performing ML model. Results A total of 147 IgAN patients were included in the study, with 103 in the training group and 44 in the test group .Among them, the US-SMI based XGBoost model achieved the best results, with an the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839 (95% CI,0.756-0.910) and an accuracy of 78.6% in the training group.In the test group, the AUC was 0.859 (95% CI,0.721-0.964), and the accuracy was 81.8%, significantly surpassing the ML model of a single modality and the clinical model established based on occult blood. Additionally, the decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the XGBoost model provided a higher overall net benefit in the both groups. Conclusion The SMI radiomics ML model has the capability to accurately predict the crescentic status of IgAN patients, providing effective assistance for clinical treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Nanchong Hospital, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nan Chong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Nanchong Hospital, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nan Chong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated hospital of Anhui medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiachuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, People's Republic of China
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Bi X, Yu Y, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Xiong J. Immunosuppressant Agents as Add-On Therapy Failed to Improve the Outcome of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy with Crescent Score C1. Nephron Clin Pract 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38723614 DOI: 10.1159/000534788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renoprotective benefits of adding immunosuppressant therapy to corticosteroid (CS) treatment for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients with less than 25% crescent formation (C1) remain uncertain, warranting further research. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on IgAN patients with crescent C1 lesions confirmed by renal biopsy at Xinqiao Hospital between May 1, 2017, and May 1, 2020. Patients were stratified into either the CS treatment group or the CS combined with an additional immunosuppressant therapy group. Follow-up assessments were conducted within 24 months. Propensity score analysis was used to match patients receiving CS and CS + immunosuppressant drug treatment in a 1:1 ratio. Primary outcomes included changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the benefits of different populations. Composite endpoint outcomes comprised a 30% eGFR decrease, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) necessitating dialysis or transplant, or kidney disease-related mortality. Adverse events were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS 296 IgAN patients with C1 lesions were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics indicated that IgAN patients in the CS + immunosuppressant group exhibited poorer renal function and higher UACR levels. Propensity score analysis effectively minimized the influence of baseline clinical characteristics, including age, serum creatinine, initial eGFR, UACR, and 24-h proteinuria. Both treatment groups demonstrated continuous eGFR improvement and significant UACR reduction during follow-up, especially at 6 months. However, no significant differences in eGFR and UACR reduction rates were observed between the two groups throughout the entire follow-up period, both before and after matching. Subgroup analysis revealed improved eGFR in both treatment groups, notably among patients with an initial eGFR below 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conversely, IgAN patients with C1 lesions and a cellular crescent ratio exceeding 50% treated with CS and immunosuppressant therapy experienced a significant improvement in renal function and a decline in urinary protein creatinine ratio. Composite endpoint outcomes did not significantly differ between the two groups, while the incidence of adverse events was comparable. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the addition of immunosuppressant therapy to corticosteroid monotherapy did not confer significant therapeutic advantages in patients with C1 lesions compared to CS monotherapy, although some specific patient populations appeared to derive modest benefits from this combined approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiovasology, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 945th Hospital, Yaan, China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Siyan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Liu Y, Xu K, Xiang Y, Ma B, Li H, Li Y, Shi Y, Li S, Bai Y. Role of MCP-1 as an inflammatory biomarker in nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303076. [PMID: 38239353 PMCID: PMC10794684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), also referred to as chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), belongs to the extensive chemokine family and serves as a crucial mediator of innate immunity and tissue inflammation. It has a notable impact on inflammatory conditions affecting the kidneys. Upon binding to its receptor, MCP-1 can induce lymphocytes and NK cells' homing, migration, activation, differentiation, and development while promoting monocytes' and macrophages' infiltration, thereby facilitating kidney disease-related inflammation. As a biomarker for kidney disease, MCP-1 has made notable advancements in primary kidney diseases such as crescentic glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, primary glomerulopathy, idiopathic proteinuria glomerulopathy, acute kidney injury; secondary kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis; hereditary kidney diseases including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and sickle cell kidney disease. MCP-1 not only predicts the occurrence, progression, prognosis of the disease but is also closely associated with the severity and stage of nephropathy. When renal tissue is stimulated or experiences significant damage, the expression of MCP-1 increases, demonstrating a direct correlation with the severity of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhua Xiang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Boyan Ma
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin, China
| | - Shuju Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Huang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Hou G, Peng C, Jia M, Zhou L, Yamamoto T, Zheng J. Novel therapeutic perspectives for crescentic glomerulonephritis through targeting parietal epithelial cell activation and proliferation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:55-69. [PMID: 36738160 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney injury is clinically classified as crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) when ≥50% of the glomeruli in a biopsy sample contain crescentic lesions. However, current strategies, such as systemic immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis for CrGN, are partially effective, and these drugs have considerable systemic side effects. Hence, targeted therapy to prevent glomerular crescent formation and expansion remains an unmet clinical need. AREAS COVERED Hyperproliferative parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are the main constituent cells of the glomerular crescent with cell-tracing evidence. Crescents obstruct the flow of primary urine, pressure the capillaries, and degenerate the affected nephrons. We reviewed the markers of PEC activation and proliferation, potential therapeutic effects of thrombin and thrombin receptor inhibitors, and how podocytes cross-talk with PECs. These experiments may help identify potential early specific targets for the prevention and treatment of glomerular crescentic injury. EXPERT OPINION Inhibiting PEC activation and proliferation in CrGN can alleviate glomerular crescent progression, which has been supported by preclinical studies with evidence of genetic deletion. Clarifying the outcome of PEC transformation to the podocyte phenotype and suppressing thrombin, thrombin receptors, and PEC hyperproliferation in early therapeutic strategies will be the research goals in the next ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Huang
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueru Zhao
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gailing Hou
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqun Peng
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, 4-1-11 Surugadai, Fujieda, Japan
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Labes R, Dong L, Mrowka R, Bachmann S, von Vietinghoff S, Paliege A. Annexin A1 exerts renoprotective effects in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:984362. [PMID: 36311242 PMCID: PMC9605209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.984362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammation plays a critical role during the transition from renal injury towards end-stage renal disease. The glucocorticoid-inducible protein annexin A1 has been shown to function as key regulator in the resolution phase of inflammation, but its role in immune-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis has not been studied so far. Methods: Acute crescentic glomerulonephritis was induced in annexin A1-deficient and wildtype mice using a sheep serum against rat glomerular basement membrane constituents. Animals were sacrificed at d5 and d10 after nephritis induction. Renal leukocyte abundance was studied by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Alterations in gene expression were determined by RNA-Seq and gene ontology analysis. Renal levels of eicosanoids and related lipid products were measured using lipid mass spectrometry. Results: Histological analysis revealed an increased number of sclerotic glomeruli and aggravated tubulointerstitial damage in the kidneys of annexin A1-deficient mice compared to the wildtype controls. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed an increased number of CD45+ leukocytes and neutrophil granulocytes in the absence of annexin A1. Lipid mass spectrometry showed elevated levels of prostaglandins PGE2 and PGD2 and reduced levels of antiinflammatory epoxydocosapentaenoic acid regioisomers. RNA-Seq with subsequent gene ontology analysis revealed induction of gene products related to leukocyte activation and chemotaxis as well as regulation of cytokine production and secretion. Conclusion: Intrinsic annexin A1 reduces proinflammatory signals and infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes and thereby protects the kidney during crescentic glomerulonephritis. The annexin A1 signaling cascade may therefore provide novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Labes
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Dong
- Nephrology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, AG Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Nephrology Section, First Medical Clinic, University Clinic and Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Paliege,
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Add-On Cyclic Angiotensin-(1-7) with Cyclophosphamide Arrests Progressive Kidney Disease in Rats with ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152434. [PMID: 35954280 PMCID: PMC9368583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA-GN) is a major cause of renal failure. Current immunosuppressive therapies are associated with severe side effects, intensifying the need for new therapeutic strategies. The activation of Mas receptor/Angiotensin-(1-7) axis exerted renoprotection in chronic kidney disease. Here, we investigated the effect of adding the lanthionine-stabilized cyclic form of angiotensin-1-7 [cAng-(1-7)] to cyclophosphamide in a rat model of ANCA-GN. At the onset of proteinuria, Wistar Kyoto rats with ANCA-GN received vehicle or a single bolus of cyclophosphamide, with or without daily cAng-(1-7). Treatment with cAng-(1-7) plus cyclophosphamide reduced proteinuria by 85% vs. vehicle, and by 60% vs. cyclophosphamide, and dramatically limited glomerular crescents to less than 10%. The addition of cAng-(1-7) to cyclophosphamide protected against glomerular inflammation and endothelial rarefaction and restored the normal distribution of parietal epithelial cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a preserved GBM, glomerular endothelium and podocyte structure, demonstrating that combination therapy provided an additional layer of renoprotection. This study demonstrates that adding cAng-(1-7) to a partially effective dose of cyclophosphamide arrests the progression of renal disease in rats with ANCA-GN, suggesting that cAng-(1-7) could be a novel clinical approach for sparing immunosuppressants.
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Trimarchi H, Haas M, Coppo R. Crescents and IgA Nephropathy: A Delicate Marriage. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133569. [PMID: 35806856 PMCID: PMC9267724 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a progressive disease with great variability in the clinical course. Among the clinical and pathologic features contributing to variable outcomes, the presence of crescents has attracted particular interest as a distinct pathological feature associated with severity. Several uncontrolled observations have led to the general thought that the presence and extent of crescents was a prognostic indicator associated with poor outcomes. However, KDIGO 2021 guidelines concluded that either the presence or the relative number of crescents should not be used to determine the progression of IgAN nor should they suggest the choice of immunosuppression. Our aim is to report and discuss recent data on the debated issue of the value of active (cellular and fibrocellular) crescents in the pathogenesis and clinical progression of IgAN, their predictive value, and the impact of immunosuppression on renal function. We conclude that the value of crescents should not be disregarded, although this feature does not have an independent predictive value for progression in IgAN, particularly when considering immunosuppressed patients. An integrated overall evaluation of crescents with other active MEST scores, clinical data, and novel biomarkers must be considered in achieving a personalized therapeutic approach to IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Trimarchi
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1280 AEB, Argentina;
| | - Mark Haas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-248-6695; Fax: +1-310-423-5881
| | - Rosanna Coppo
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Regina Margherita Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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