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Wu Y, Li T, Huang W, Zhang J, Wei Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ning J. Investigation of the quality of Lu'an Guapian tea during Grain Rain period by sensory evaluation, objective quantitative indexes and metabolomics. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101595. [PMID: 39071934 PMCID: PMC11283131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The harvest date is a crucial factor in determining tea quality. For Lu'an Guapian (LAGP) tea, Grain Rain period (GRP) represents a pivotal phase in the transformation of tea quality. The sensory evaluation, computer vision and E-tongue revealed that the liquor color score, B and G values of tea infusion were increased during GRP, while the astringency, bitterness intensities and the R value of the tea infusion were decreased. Consequently, the tea infusion exhibited a greener hue and the taste became appropriate during GRP. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the majority of amino acids and derivatives was reduced during GRP. Furthermore, flavonoids, in particular flavonol glycosides, exhibited considerable variation during GRP. Finally, nine metabolites were identified as markers for quality transformation during GRP by PLS and Random Forest. This study investigated the quality of LAGP teas during GRP and filled the gap in the variation of LAGP tea quality during GRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Tiehan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Luqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jingming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
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Rakocevic M, Maia ADHN, de Liz MV, Imoski R, Helm CV, Cardozo Junior EL, Wendling I. Stability of Leaf Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis) Metabolite Concentrations over the Time from the Prism of Secondary Sexual Dimorphism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112199. [PMID: 37299178 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The yerba mate leaf metabolic composition depends mainly on genetics, sex, plant and leaf age, light intensity, harvest time, climate, and fertilization. In yerba mate, the secondary sexual dimorphism (SSD), the leaf metabolic SSD association with the frequency of leaf harvests, and the stability of the metabolites in the two genders over the years is not known. It was hypothesized that (1) the SSD in the metabolite segregation would differ among the winter and summer growth pauses, (2) females would show lower metabolite concentrations, and (3) the metabolic concentrations would show stability over the years on the same plants, not obligatorily associated with the SSD stability expression. Variations in theobromine, caffeine, chlorogenic and caffeic acids were correlated to the increasing time since the previous harvest, especially in females. However, the frequency of the metabolic SSD were associated with the studied growth pauses, rejecting the first hypothesis. No regular gender superiority was expressed in the yerba mate leaf secondary metabolites, rejecting our second hypothesis, even though more cases of superior female metabolite accumulation were identified. The stability of the leaf protein was preserved over the four years, with no SSD cases observed. The leaf methylxanthines were time stable, while the decrease in the phenolic content occurred with tree aging, which was not associated with the SSD expression, partially proving our third hypothesis. The novelty was related to the time stability of the leaf metabolic SSD observed over the winter and summer growth pauses, and over the four consecutive years without a regular expression of the male- or female-biased concentrations in the studied metabolites. To demystify the random metabolic gender responses in yerba mate, gender-orientated experiments with a high number of tree repetitions must be conducted, including clonal plants grown in various environments, such as monoculture and agroforestry, or on plantations in different climates and altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Rakocevic
- Department of Research and Development, Embrapa Florestas, Colombo 83411-000, PR, Brazil
- Statistical Research Group, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinicius de Liz
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba 81280-340, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Imoski
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba 81280-340, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Vieira Helm
- Department of Research and Development, Embrapa Florestas, Colombo 83411-000, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ivar Wendling
- Department of Research and Development, Embrapa Florestas, Colombo 83411-000, PR, Brazil
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