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Abstract
Fungal spores make up a significant portion of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAPs) with large quantities of such particles noted in the air. Fungal particles are of interest because of their potential to affect the health of both plants and humans. They are omnipresent in the atmosphere year-round, with concentrations varying due to meteorological parameters and location. Equally, differences between indoor and outdoor fungal spore concentrations and dispersal play an important role in occupational health. This review attempts to summarise the different spore sampling methods, identify the most important spore types in terms of negative effects on crops and the public, the factors affecting their growth/dispersal, and different methods of predicting fungal spore concentrations currently in use.
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Vélez-Pereira AM, De Linares C, Belmonte J. Aerobiological modeling I: A review of predictive models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148783. [PMID: 34243002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work is the first of two reviews on applied modeling in the field of aerobiology. The aerobiological predictive models for pollen and fungal spores, usually defined as predictive statistical models, will, amongst other objectives, forecast airborne particles' concentration or dynamical behavior of the particles. These models can be classified into Observation Based Models (OBM), Phenological Based Models (PHM), or OTher Models (OTM). The aim of this review is to show, analyze and discuss the different predictive models used in pollen and spore aerobiological studies. The analysis was performed on published electronic scientific articles from 1998 to 2016 related to the type of model, the taxa and the modelled parameters. From a total of 503 studies, 55.5% used OBM (44.8% on pollen and 10.7% on fungal spores), 38.5% PHM (all on pollen) and 6% OTM (5.4% on pollen and 0.6% on fungal spores). OBM have been used with high frequency to forecast concentration. The most frequent model of OBM was linear regression (18.5% out of 503) on pollen and artificial neural networks (4.6%) on fungal spores. In the PHM, the principal use was to characterize the main pollen season (flowering season) based on the model of growth degree days. Finally, OTM have been used to estimate concentrations at unmonitored areas. Olea (14,5%) on pollen and Alternaria (4,8%) on fungal spores were the taxa most frequently modelled. Daily concentration was the most modelled parameter by OBM (25.2%) and season start day by PHM (35.6%). The PHM approaches include greater model diversity and use fewer independent variables than OBM. In addition, PHM show to be easier to apply than OBM; however, the wide range of criteria to define the parameters to use in PHM (e.g.: pollination start day) makes that each model is used with a lesser frequency than other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Vélez-Pereira
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), ECO-Climático, Coyahique, Chile; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Concepción De Linares
- Department of Botany, Universidad de Granada, Spain; Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordina Belmonte
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Grinn-Gofroń A, Bogawski P, Bosiacka B, Nowosad J, Camacho I, Sadyś M, Skjøth CA, Pashley CH, Rodinkova V, Çeter T, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Damialis A. Abundance of Ganoderma sp. in Europe and SW Asia: modelling the pathogen infection levels in local trees using the proxy of airborne fungal spore concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148509. [PMID: 34175598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma comprises a common bracket fungal genus that causes basal stem rot in deciduous and coniferous trees and palms, thus having a large economic impact on forestry production. We estimated pathogen abundance using long-term, daily spore concentration data collected in five biogeographic regions in Europe and SW Asia. We hypothesized that pathogen abundance in the air depends on the density of potential hosts (trees) in the surrounding area, and that its spores originate locally. We tested this hypothesis by (1) calculating tree cover density, (2) assessing the impact of local meteorological variables on spore concentration, (3) computing back trajectories, (4) developing random forest models predicting daily spore concentration. The area covered by trees was calculated based on Tree Density Datasets within a 30 km radius from sampling sites. Variations in daily and seasonal spore concentrations were cross-examined between sites using a selection of statistical tools including HYSPLIT and random forest models. Our results showed that spore concentrations were higher in Northern and Central Europe than in South Europe and SW Asia. High and unusually high spore concentrations (> 90th and > 98th percentile, respectively) were partially associated with long distance transported spores: at least 33% of Ganoderma spores recorded in Madeira during days with high concentrations originated from the Iberian Peninsula located >900 km away. Random forest models developed on local meteorological data performed better in sites where the contribution of long distance transported spores was lower. We found that high concentrations were recorded in sites with low host density (Leicester, Worcester), and low concentrations in Kastamonu with high host density. This suggests that south European and SW Asian forests may be less severely affected by Ganoderma. This study highlights the effectiveness of monitoring airborne Ganoderma spore concentrations as a tool for assessing local Ganoderma pathogen infection levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Bogawski
- Department of Systematic and Environmental Botany, Laboratory of Biological Spatial Information, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Bosiacka
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowosad
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, 10 Krygowskiego Street, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Irene Camacho
- Madeira University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Sadyś
- Hereford & Worcester Fire and Rescue Service, Headquarters, Performance & Information, Hindlip Park, Worcester WR3 8SP, United Kingdom; University of Worcester, School of Science and the Environment, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Ambelas Skjøth
- University of Worcester, School of Science and the Environment, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Helen Pashley
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Talip Çeter
- Kastamonu University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, 37100 Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich - Research Center for Environmental Health, Augbsurg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sadyś M, Kaczmarek J, Grinn-Gofron A, Rodinkova V, Prikhodko A, Bilous E, Strzelczak A, Herbert RJ, Jedryczka M. Dew point temperature affects ascospore release of allergenic genus Leptosphaeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:979-990. [PMID: 29417217 PMCID: PMC5966494 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Leptosphaeria contains numerous fungi that cause the symptoms of asthma and also parasitize wild and crop plants. In search of a robust and universal forecast model, the ascospore concentration in air was measured and weather data recorded from 1 March to 31 October between 2006 and 2012. The experiment was conducted in three European countries of the temperate climate, i.e., Ukraine, Poland, and the UK. Out of over 150 forecast models produced using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multivariate regression trees (MRTs), we selected the best model for each site, as well as for joint two-site combinations. The performance of all computed models was tested against records from 1 year which had not been used for model construction. The statistical analysis of the fungal spore data was supported by a comprehensive study of both climate and land cover within a 30-km radius from the air sampler location. High-performance forecasting models were obtained for individual sites, showing that the local micro-climate plays a decisive role in biology of the fungi. Based on the previous epidemiological studies, we hypothesized that dew point temperature (DPT) would be a critical factor in the models. The impact of DPT was confirmed only by one of the final best neural models, but the MRT analyses, similarly to the Spearman's rank test, indicated the importance of DPT in all but one of the studied cases and in half of them ranked it as a fundamental factor. This work applies artificial neural modeling to predict the Leptosphaeria airborne spore concentration in urban areas for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sadyś
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Joanna Kaczmarek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grinn-Gofron
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Phytogeography, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Victoria Rodinkova
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 56 Pirogov str., 21018 Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Alex Prikhodko
- Zaporizhia State Medical University, 26 Maiakovskij str., 69035 Zaporizhia, Ukraine
| | - Elena Bilous
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 56 Pirogov str., 21018 Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Agnieszka Strzelczak
- Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, Department of Food Process Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieza Pawla VI 3, 71-459, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert J Herbert
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Malgorzata Jedryczka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
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