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Yang L, Zhang L, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Huang X, Yan Q, Tan Z, Tang S, Wan F. Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:350-358. [PMID: 36329682 PMCID: PMC9618971 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition, and blood biochemical indices of dairy cows under heat stress. Thirty Chinese Holstein cows (19.84 ± 2.42 kg milk/d, 192.36 ± 40.77 d in milk and 2 ± 0.93 parities) were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. The control group was fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet, while treatment 1 (LTA16) and treatment 2 (LTA32) groups were fed a basal TMR diet supplemented with L-theanine at 16 and 32 g/cow per day, respectively. The results showed that feeding the dairy cows with LTA16 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) their rectal temperature, whereas feeding with LTA32 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) their rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen content. In comparison to the control group, the supplementation of L-theanine had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid, milk yield, milk composition, feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows. The triglyceride (TG) content of the LTA32 group was significantly greater (P = 0.014) than that of the control group. With the increase in L-theanine dosage, the serum cholesterol (CHOL) content significantly increased (P = 0.013). The serum albumin (ALB; P = 0.067), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = 0.053), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P = 0.067) contents showed an upward trend as L-theanine dosage increased. Ultimately, the results of this study show that supplementing dairy cow diet with L-theanine could decrease dairy cow rectal temperature, affect lipid metabolism, and potentially relieve the heat stress of dairy cows to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lingmei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yuli Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Nohara M, Hisaeda K, Ono T, Inoue Y, Ogawa K, Hata A, Sibano K, Nagahata H, Fujitani N. The relationships between environmental parameters in livestock pen and physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:964-977. [PMID: 35650166 PMCID: PMC9353096 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in temperature and the incidence of extreme weather events, such as heat wave, due to global warming, which has promoted the incidence of livestock diseases.
Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of changes in environmental parameters on livestock performance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ambient
environmental conditions in livestock pen and the physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows. The results showed that there was a decrease in the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin
concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the cows with increasing pen temperature, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and temperature humidity index (THI).
Additionally, high daily variation in temperature caused a decrease in the serum albumin levels of the cows. Moreover, the lowest serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium
concentrations were observed in November, and were negatively correlated with the 24-hr temperature, WBGT, and THI range of the pen prior to sampling. Multiple regression analysis showed a
positive correlation between serum cortisol concentration and 24-hr WBGT range of the pen prior to samplings and packed cell volume. However, serum cortisol and total protein concentrations
were negatively correlated. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that large variation in temperature induced stress in the cows, which could be overcome by increased water consumption
and improved protein digestion and absorption by the animals, and the addition of minerals, such as calcium to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Nohara
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Keiichi Hisaeda
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Tetsushi Ono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Yoichi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Kouji Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Akihisa Hata
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Kenichi Sibano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Noboru Fujitani
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
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Wang Z, Song Y, Sun S, Zhao C, Fu S, Xia C, Bai Y. Metabolite Comparison between Serum and Follicular Fluid of Dairy Cows with Inactive Ovaries Postpartum. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030285. [PMID: 35158609 PMCID: PMC8833624 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the milk production of dairy cows has increased rapidly in recent decades, the reproductive performance of dairy cows has gradually declined. In modern intensive dairy farms, prevention and treatment of inactive ovaries has become an important challenge of reproduction disorders during early lactation. Our aim is to screen out metabolites and metabolic pathways related to inactive ovaries through serum and follicular fluid metabolomics. We found that the changes in serum and follicular fluid were mainly enriched in nine metabolic pathways. In serum, these included d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartic and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In follicular fluid, they were valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; arachidonic acid metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism; starch and sucrose metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism; and pentose and glucuronate interconversion. The common metabolic pathways of disease-related serum and follicular fluid were pentose and glucuronate interconversions and glycerophospholipid metabolism. This research will provide a theoretical basis for exploring the causes of inactive ovaries and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of inactive ovaries in the future. Abstract Inactive ovaries (IO) accounts for 50% of ovarian disease in postpartum dairy cows, which seriously affects their reproductive efficiency. To investigate the metabolic changes in the serum and follicular fluid of dairy cows with IO during lactation, six estrus (E) cows and six IO cows at 50 to 55 days in milk were selected based on B ultrasonic detection and clinical manifestations. The differential metabolites in serum and follicular fluid between the E cows and IO cows were identified by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with multidimensional statistical methods. The results showed that dairy cows with IO were in a subclinical ketosis status where beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exceeded 1.20 mmol/L, 14 differential metabolites in the serum of IO cows included 10 increased metabolites and 4 decreased metabolites, and 14 differential metabolites in the follicular fluid of IO cows included 8 increased metabolites and 6 decreased metabolites. These differential metabolites mainly involved nine metabolic pathways. The common enrichment pathway of different metabolites in serum and follicular fluid were glycerophospholipid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the differential metabolites and enrichment pathways between serum and follicular fluid of IO cows, implying that there were complex changes in blood metabolism and local follicular metabolism of IO cows, whose interactions need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Yuxi Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Shuhan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Shixin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Cheng Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yunlong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Y.B.)
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Saqib MN, Qureshi MS, Suhail SM, Ullah Khan R, Bozzo G, Ceci E, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Association among Metabolic Status, Oxidative Stress, Milk Yield, Body Condition Score and Reproductive Cyclicity in Dairy Buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:498-504. [PMID: 35066924 PMCID: PMC9306642 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic status, stress and ovarian activity through progesterone profile in dairy buffalo as influenced by post‐partum days, body condition score (BCS) and lactation number. A total of 45 dairy buffaloes were involved and divided into three factors based on their BCS (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5, respectively), lactation number (1, 2 and 3, respectively), and post‐partum intervals (14, 28, 42 and 56, respectively). Based on findings, from day 14 to day 56 after parturition, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased significantly (p < .01), while malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol levels decreased significantly (p < .05) on day 56 of the trial. With increased BCS levels, milk yield, blood metabolites and progesterone improved significantly (p < .05), whereas stress indicators decreased significantly (p < .01). Blood metabolites, progesterone and milk production were significantly (p < .01) higher and stress indicators (MDA and cortisol) were significantly (p < .01) lower in lactation stage. Buffaloes with a greater lactation stage and growing post‐partum stage had better blood metabolite and progesterone concentrations and less stress. It was concluded that better BCS and increased lactation stage have significant impact on milk yield, stress reduction and restoration of ovarian activity in buffaloes during post‐partum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Najmus Saqib
- Department of Livestock, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Subhan Qureshi
- Department of Livestock, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Suhail
- Department of Livestock, Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Edmondo Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Effect of Negative Energy Balance on Plasma Metabolites, Minerals, Hormones, Cytokines and Ovarian Follicular Growth Rate in Holstein Dairy Cows. J Vet Res 2021; 65:361-368. [PMID: 34917850 PMCID: PMC8643087 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of negative energy balance (NEB) on the final growth of the dominant ovarian follicle in Holstein cows. Material and Methods Cows at 14 to 21 d postpartum from an intensive dairy farm were randomly selected and allocated into a positive energy balance group (PEB, with β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level < 1.2 mmol/L, n = 15) and an NEB group (BHBA > 1.2 mmol/L, n = 15). Plasma samples were collected at 21, 50 and 55 d postpartum to assess the concentrations of energy metabolites, minerals, hormones and cytokines. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasound on days 50 and 55 (120 hours later) to evaluate the diameter of the largest follicle. Results Compared with PEB cows, there were a more severe body condition loss and a lower milk yield in NEB cows (P < 0.05) and these had greater concentrations of plasma BHBA, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, growth hormone, interleukin 6, and fibroblast growth factor 21 and lesser concentrations of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and angiopoietin-like protein 8 on d 21 (P < 0.05), while plasma minerals were not affected by energy status (P > 0.05). These changes persisted until the end of the study period (50–55 days postpartum) resulting in a lower follicular growth rate for cows in the NEB than the PEB group. Conclusion These observations indicate that follicular growth rate is associated with measurable changes in energy metabolite, hormone and cytokine concentrations caused by early postpartum NEB.
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Li H, Zhang Y, Li R, Wu Y, Zhang D, Xu H, Zhang Y, Qi Z. Effect of seasonal thermal stress on oxidative status, immune response and stress hormones of lactating dairy cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:216-223. [PMID: 33997350 PMCID: PMC8110863 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of seasonal thermal stress on oxidative stress, immune response, and stress hormones of lactating dairy cows in subtropical regions with different levels of temperature-humidity index (THI). A total of 32 healthy lactating Holstein dairy cows experienced 4 seasons (8 cows/season). The physiological parameters were categorized into low THI (LTHI, THI = 42.97 ± 0.95) in winter, moderate THI (MTHI, THI = 61.84 ± 0.42) in spring and autumn, and high THI period (HTHI, THI = 86.09 ± 0.23) in summer. The blood samples were collected twice in each season to measure oxidative stress, inflammatory and hormonal parameters. Our results showed THI had a positive correlation with the rectal temperature (R 2 = 0.821, P < 0.001) and respiratory rate (R 2 = 0.816, P < 0.001). Dry matter intake, milk yield and fat percentage also significantly differed among groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the MTHI group, the LTHI group exhibited a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.001), and the HTHI group displayed a significant increase in levels of cortisol, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001). Opposite changes in serum endotoxin and immunoglobulin G levels were observed with the increasing THI (P < 0.001). LTHI notably increased the triiodothyronine level, although the thyroxine level was reduced by LTHI and HTHI compared with the MTHI group. In conclusion, LTHI and HTHI conditions may induce different degrees of oxidative stress, inflammation response, and stress hormone imbalances on lactating dairy cows, therefore environmental management is necessary for the health of dairy cows in extreme weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dingran Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongrun Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhili Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Ullah H, Khan RU, Mobashar M, Ahmad S, Sajid A, Khan NU, Usman T, Khattak I, Khan H. Effect of yeast-based selenium on blood progesterone, metabolites and milk yield in Achai dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1683475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shakoor Ahmad
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sajid
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khattak
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Rehman ZU, Chand N, Khan RU. The effect of vitamin E, L-carnitine, and ginger on production traits, immune response, and antioxidant status in two broiler strains exposed to chronic heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26851-26857. [PMID: 28963619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to find the effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the performance of two broiler strains under high ambient temperature. A total of 320 day-old chicks of Hubbard and Cobb were reared for a period for 21 days under the same nutritional and management systems. On day 21 onward, one subgroup was kept as control while other subgroups were provided with vitamin E (250 mg/kg), ginger (2 g/kg), and L-carnitine (500 mg/kg) in basal diets. Body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) high in vitamin E-supplemented birds, while feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in L-carnitine supplemented birds irrespective of the strain. Antibody titer against infectious bursal disease (IBD) and paraoxonase (PON1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vitamin E-supplemented birds compared to the other treatments. The number of heterophils and toal oxidant status (TOS) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in vitamin E-supplemented birds. Blood glucose was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in vitamin E-supplemented birds, while total protein was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vitamin E-supplemented group. In conclusion, the supplementation of vitamin E at the rate of 250 mg/kg improved the antioxidant status and immune response in the two broiler strains. Further, the two strains perform similarly in terms of performance and other health status parameters with no significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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