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Romanello N, Barreto ADN, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Brandão FZ, de Andrade AFC, Zappaterra M, Garcia AR. Effect of access to natural shade on scrotal thermoregulatory capacity, integrity of the testicular parenchyma and sperm morphology of Nelore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) bulls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02759-6. [PMID: 39167210 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of using naturally shaded pastures on scrotal thermoregulatory capacity, testicular echotexture, and sperm morphology of Nelore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) bulls in a tropical climate region. Sixty-four adult Nelore and Canchim bulls were used, equally allocated in Full Sun (FS, n = 32) or Crop-Livestock-Forestry (CLF, n = 32) pasture systems. During five consecutive climate seasons, the bulls underwent monthly breeding soundness evaluations and the biometeorological variables in the systems were continuously monitored. Microclimate was significantly different between systems. CLF system had lower BGHI than FS throughout the experimental period. No triple interaction (Season x Breed x Treatment, P > 0.05) was observed for any of the variables. Animals in CLF showed lower body temperature in Summer (FS:39.41 ± 0.05 vs. CLF:39.30 ± 0.05 °C; P = 0.005) and in Autumn (FS:39.54 ± 0.05 vs. CLF:39.35 ± 0.05 °C; P = 0.005). Access to shading did not determine differences in the evolution of scrotal biometry, temperatures, and scrotal thermal gradients (P > 0.05). Regardless of breed, animals in CLF showed greater right testicular volume (FS:247.5 ± 5.7 vs. CLF:259.0 ± 5.7 cm³; P < 0.05), more suitable parenchyma echotexture, and fewer microlithiasis spots in the Spring and Summer. Testosterone concentration was higher in FS (FS:2.6 ± 0.2 vs. CLF:2.1 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P = 0.035). Canchim bulls presented higher total sperm defects during the Autumn and Winter (P = 0.010), but the total defects levels for Canchim and Nelore bulls were in normal range for adult bulls. Thus, the natural shade in CLF system was effective in improving the microclimate of pastures and minimizing adverse environmental effects on some reproductive features of interest in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narian Romanello
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa do Nascimento Barreto
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Zandonadi Brandão
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alexandre Rossetto Garcia
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
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do Nascimento Barreto A, Jacintho MAC, Barioni Junior W, Pereira AMF, Nanni Costa L, Zandonadi Brandão F, Romanello N, Novais Azevedo G, Rossetto Garcia A. Adaptive integumentary features of beef cattle raised on afforested or non-shaded tropical pastures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16951. [PMID: 39043710 PMCID: PMC11266545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the seasonal acclimatization process of Nelore and Canchim cattle raised on two production systems (non-shaded, NS, and integrated crop-livestock-forest, ICLF), based on the dynamics of the morphological and functional attributes of the hair coat and skin during winter and summer. The study was conducted in Brazil, in a low-altitude tropical climate region. A completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted as follows: two production systems (NS and ICLF), two breeds (Nelore and Canchim) in a longitudinal structure, with measurements repeated over time through two stations (winter and summer). The experimental animals consisted of 32 Nelore (Bos indicus) and 32 Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus × 3/8 Bos indicus) bulls. The animals were equally distributed between two intensive rotational grazing systems. In both breeds, the hair coat was significantly thicker in winter but longer in summer, which increased epidermal protection. The Nelore bulls had shorter, wider, and thicker hairs, which are attributes that promote heat loss via conduction. The Canchim bulls showed significantly lower hair density and higher epithelium distance to sweat glands, which resulted in higher core temperature and respiratory rate. In turn, Nelore bulls had higher serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and lower serum concentrations of cortisol. However, Canchim bulls more frequently and intensely activated their thermoregulatory system and markedly adjusted their hair coat and hair features to reduce heat gain, especially in summer. Therefore, the anatomical plasticity and functional integumentary characteristics of Nelore and Canchim bulls reflect their acclimatization to tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa do Nascimento Barreto
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil
| | - Manuel Antonio Chagas Jacintho
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Waldomiro Barioni Junior
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Manuel Franco Pereira
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Nanni Costa
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Narian Romanello
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Novais Azevedo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rossetto Garcia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Gebremedhin KG, Fonseca VDFC, Maia ASC. Methods, Thermodynamic Applications, and Habitat Implications of Physical and Spectral Properties of Hair and Haircoats in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3087. [PMID: 37835693 PMCID: PMC10571584 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties (hair diameter, hair length, haircoat depth and haircoat density) and spectral properties (absorptivity, reflectivity, transmissivity) of the hair and haircoat of cattle are inputs to heat and moisture exchange between the skin surface and the surrounding environment, and thus play a critical role in body temperature regulation. Physical and spectral properties of haircoats also play an important role in protecting the skin against penetration of ultraviolet radiation. The focus of this review is to identify accurate and consistent measurement procedures of these properties. Additionally, the paper shows the utilization of the properties on heat exchange models and their implications on voluntary thermoregulation of cattle. To highlight the effects and benefits of haircoat color vis-à-vis solar radiation and its implication on ecological habitation, a brief explanation is provided using polar bears (white haircoat in a cold environment) and black goats in a hot desert environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifle G. Gebremedhin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 2503, USA
| | - Vinicius D. F. C. Fonseca
- Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (V.D.F.C.F.); (A.S.C.M.)
| | - Alex S. C. Maia
- Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (V.D.F.C.F.); (A.S.C.M.)
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Maia ASC, Moura GAB, Fonsêca VFC, Gebremedhin KG, Milan HM, Chiquitelli Neto M, Simão BR, Campanelli VPC, Pacheco RDL. Economically sustainable shade design for feedlot cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1110671. [PMID: 36761885 PMCID: PMC9905632 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Provision of shade reduces radiant heat load on feedlot cattle, thus reducing demand of water and energy for thermoregulation. While the positive effects of shade on animal welfare are widely known, the literature lacks data on the magnitude of its economic impacts. In this study, we propose the concept of novel shade design to prove that a correctly oriented and dimensioned roof structure, which optimizes shade to be displaced within the pens, motivates cattle to seek shade, protect them from short-wave solar radiation, and is resilient to counteract weather adverse conditions. The beneficial outcome is improvement in animal welfare and productive performance, as well as increments on financial return and sustainability. To attest these benefits, eight hundred B. indicus × Bos taurus bulls were randomly assigned in pens with or without shade from a galvanized steel-roof structure. Performance data (e.g., dry matter intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and hot carcass weight) and heat stress indicators (e.g., subcutaneous temperature, body-surface temperature, respiratory rate and water intake) were assessed along the study period. The economic outcomes derived from shade implementation were determined using the net present value. Meteorological variables were also monitored every 1 min, and grouped in a thermal comfort index for feedlot cattle, the InComfort Index (InCI). The shade structure efficiently reduced radiant heat load on cattle in pens with shade. According to the classification of the InCI, during very hot days (InCI > 0.6; around noon with mean solar radiation above 800 W m-2 and mean air temperature above 33°C), greater proportion (80%) of animals in shaded pens were using shade. Under such circumstances, cattle in shade had water intake reduced by 3.4 L per animal, body temperature was lower by 5°C, subcutaneous temperature was lower by 1°C and respiration rate was lower by 10 breaths min-1 compared to animals in pens without shade (P = 0.0001). Although dry matter intake was similar (P = 0.6805), cattle in pens with shade had higher average daily gain reflected in a heavier hot carcass weight (8 kg animal-1; P = 0.0002). Considering an initial investment of $90 per animal to build a structure that lasts 15 years, the expected payback time is four finishing cycles (~110 days per cycle). In conclusion, this study confirms that the proposed novel shade design is economically profitable, improves performance, and enhances animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. C. Maia
- Innovation in Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (Inobio-Manera), Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: Alex S. C. Maia ✉
| | - Gustavo A. B. Moura
- Innovation in Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (Inobio-Manera), Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. C. Fonsêca
- Innovation in Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (Inobio-Manera), Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kifle G. Gebremedhin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hugo M. Milan
- Innovation in Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (Inobio-Manera), Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Chiquitelli Neto
- Innovation in Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (Inobio-Manera), Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno R. Simão
- Innovation in Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (Inobio-Manera), Animal Biometeorology Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Chacón L, Navarro O, Ladino C, Martins J, Perez J, Ardila A. Sexual behavior and seminal characteristics of Brahman bulls in the Colombian tropical flooded savanna: effects of reproductive management systems and climatic periods. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:81. [PMID: 35084600 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the seminal traits and sexual behaviors of mature Brahman bulls in a multi-sire system during mating or resting seasons and different climatic periods of the year at the Colombian flooded savannas. Thirty-two Brahman bulls, suitable for reproduction, were used, which were subjected to breeding soundness evaluation, as well as the libido and service capacity tests. Such evaluations were compared among different seasons of the year in relation to the rainfall. Libido and service capacity tests were carried out in paddock for 12 continuous hours. Scrotal circumference and all seminal traits were not influenced by the mating or rest seasons, neither by the different climatic periods. However, libido and service capacity were significantly affected by the climatic periods, decreasing their expression during the intense rainfall season, and increasing during the transition period from summer to the onset of rains, which could be considered the appropriate time to establish mating seasons in this region. Furthermore, a high positive correlation was observed between libido and service capacity confirmed by a logistic model that animals with low libido have low probability of having high service capacity. In conclusion, although Brahman bulls are physiologically adapted to tropical regions, their expression of sexual behavior is markedly influenced by the weather. Hence, the use of libido test may serve as a good predictor of the service capacity, and a useful tool to improve the selection of sires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Chacón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cesar Ladino
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Martins
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Rua Icaro de Sousa Moreira, 126, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Jair Perez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ariosto Ardila
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
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Façanha DAE, Ferreira J, Silveira RMF, Morais FX, de Medeiros CC, Facó O, de Sousa JER, de Paula VV. Thermoregulatory responses, and acid–base and electrolytic balance of indigenous ewes of different coat colour in an equatorial semi-arid region. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ContextAnimal husbandry in thermally stressful environments can be both complex and difficult, and the anticipated effects of climate change are expected to increase this condition.AimThermoregulatory responses, and acid–base and electrolytic balance were evaluated in indigenous ewes of different coat colour during different moments of natural heat stress.MethodsFifteen ewes of different colour (white, red and black; five of each) were used and data were collected for six consecutive weeks in the dry and rainy periods at three times of the day [(Moment 1) 0500 hours to 0600 hours; (Moment 2) 1200 hours to 1300 hours; and (Moment 3) 1700 hours to 1800 hours)]. Thermoregulatory (clinical measures), acid–base and electrolytic variables (blood examinations) were recorded. Air temperature and relative humidity were measured, and the radiant heat load was calculated.Key resultsBlack ewes showed higher averages of respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT). RT was different between before and after heat stress for all ewes, while the RR was not affected and cutaneous evaporation presented minor variations. Between 1200 hours and 1300 hours, there was an increase in the hydrogen potential, oxygen pressure, oxygen saturation and total carbon concentration averages, and a decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide for all ewes. The base excess was not significantly different for each time of the day between the periods, and were not affected by the time of the day or the season. White ewes were highly affected by the time of the day and the period regarding electrolytic parameters, followed by the red ewes and black ewes. The first two discriminant functions showed that ewes, regardless of coat colour, show similarity in the animal responses at Moments 1 and 3, compared with Moment 2. RT was the main variable that distinguished the three genetic groups.ConclusionsIndigenous ewes of different coat colour recover physiological equilibrium after heat challenges. These adjustments enable them to maintain thermoregulatory responses, and acid–base and electrolytic balance within the physiological equilibrium.ImplicationsThese variations indicated the ability of Brazilian indigenous ewes of different coat colour to recover thermoregulatory, and acid–base and electrolytic balance after an environmentally challenging condition in an equatorial semi-arid region, regardless of the period.
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Volpi D, Alves FV, da Silva Arguelho A, do Vale MM, Deniz M, Zopollatto M. Environmental variables responsible for Zebu cattle thermal comfort acquisition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1695-1705. [PMID: 33830324 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate, using data mining, which microclimate and behavioral variables affect the behavior of animals to seek shaded or sunny areas. The experiment was carried out between January and May 2016 in an integrated crop-livestock-forest system. In this system, we defined two different areas: shaded and sunny. Microclimatic variables (At, BGt, RH, and WS) were measured in each area on 4 consecutive days per month. With these variables, we determined the bioclimatic indicators (THI, BGHI, HLI, MRT, RTL, and ETI). In addition, we calculated the absolute difference (Δ) by subtracting the value recorded in shaded areas from the value recorded in sunny areas for all microclimatic variables and bioclimatic indicators, except for WS. The behaviors (grazing, ruminating, and other activities), posture (standing or lying), and use of areas (shaded or sunny) of 38 Zebu cattle were recorded on 2 consecutive days per month. The data mining technique was applied for analysis in a classification task. The model correctly classified 76% of the instances with a Kappa statistic of 0.51 after features selection from the database. The ΔBGt was the most important feature in the model to classify the decision of Zebu cattle to seek another area or remain in a determined area. The model was built with seven classification rules, being one simple rule, composed of the interaction between ΔBGt and rumination; and other more complex rules, composed of the interactions among the ΔBGt, WS, and rumination. The preference of Zebu cattle to seek or remain in shaded or sunny areas was influenced by eight features: rumination, drinking water, WS, ΔBGt, MRT in shade, BGHI in sun, ΔBGHI, and HLI in sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Volpi
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Parana, 540 Funcionarios St., Curitiba, Parana, 80035050, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Villa Alves
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan da Silva Arguelho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Martinez do Vale
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Parana, 540 Funcionarios St., Curitiba, Parana, 80035050, Brazil
| | - Matheus Deniz
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Parana, 540 Funcionarios St., Curitiba, Parana, 80035050, Brazil
| | - Maity Zopollatto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Parana, 540 Funcionarios St., Curitiba, Parana, 80035050, Brazil
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Dos Santos MM, Souza-Junior JBF, Dantas MRT, de Macedo Costa LL. An updated review on cattle thermoregulation: physiological responses, biophysical mechanisms, and heat stress alleviation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30471-30485. [PMID: 33895955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the main obstacles to achieving efficient cattle production systems, and it may have numerous adverse effects on cattle. As the planet undergoes climatic changes, which is predicted to raise the earth's average temperature by 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052, its impact may trigger several stressful factors for livestock. Among these, an increase in core body temperature would trigger physiological imbalance, consequently affecting reproduction, animal health, and dry matter intake adversely. Core body temperature increase is commonly observed and poses challenges to livestock farmers. In cattle farming, thermal stress severely affects milk production and weight gain, and can compromise food security in the coming years. This review presents an updated approach to the physiological and thermoregulatory responses of cattle under various environmental conditions. Strategies for mitigating the harmful effects of heat stress on livestock are suggested as viable alternatives for the betterment of production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Medeiros Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biometeorology and Environmental Biophysics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Maiko Roberto Tavares Dantas
- Laboratory of Biometeorology and Environmental Biophysics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil
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Moreira GM, Aguiar GL, Meneses JAM, Luz MHD, Monteiro MGBB, Lara L, Ladeira MM, Souza JCD, Duarte MDS, Gionbelli MP. The course of pregnancy changes general metabolism and affects ruminal epithelium activity pattern in Zebu beef heifers. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Anderson V, Leung ACW, Mehdipoor H, Jänicke B, Milošević D, Oliveira A, Manavvi S, Kabano P, Dzyuban Y, Aguilar R, Agan PN, Kunda JJ, Garcia-Chapeton G, de França Carvalho Fonsêca V, Nascimento ST, Zurita-Milla R. Technological opportunities for sensing of the health effects of weather and climate change: a state-of-the-art-review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:779-803. [PMID: 33427946 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sensing and measuring meteorological and physiological parameters of humans, animals, and plants are necessary to understand the complex interactions that occur between atmospheric processes and the health of the living organisms. Advanced sensing technologies have provided both meteorological and biological data across increasingly vast spatial, spectral, temporal, and thematic scales. Information and communication technologies have reduced barriers to data dissemination, enabling the circulation of information across different jurisdictions and disciplines. Due to the advancement and rapid dissemination of these technologies, a review of the opportunities for sensing the health effects of weather and climate change is necessary. This paper provides such an overview by focusing on existing and emerging technologies and their opportunities and challenges for studying the health effects of weather and climate change on humans, animals, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Anderson
- Climate Lab, Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrew C W Leung
- Climate Lab, Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Data & Services Section, Atmospheric Monitoring and Data Services, Meteorological Services of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Hamed Mehdipoor
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Dragan Milošević
- Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Ana Oliveira
- IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Manavvi
- Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Peter Kabano
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education & Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Yuliya Dzyuban
- Office of Core Curriculum, Singapore Management University, Administration Building, 81 Victoria Street, Singapore, 188065, Singapore
| | - Rosa Aguilar
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Nkashi Agan
- Department of General Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, Federal University Wukari, P.M.B 1020, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
| | - Jonah Joshua Kunda
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gustavo Garcia-Chapeton
- División de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Occidente - CUNOC, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala - USAC, Calle Rodolfo Robles 29-99 zona 1, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Vinicius de França Carvalho Fonsêca
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, 2193, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Innovation Group of Biometeorology, Behavior and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397 000, Brazil
| | - Sheila Tavares Nascimento
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Raul Zurita-Milla
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Shu H, Wang W, Guo L, Bindelle J. Recent Advances on Early Detection of Heat Strain in Dairy Cows Using Animal-Based Indicators: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:980. [PMID: 33915761 PMCID: PMC8066310 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of precision livestock farming, the real-time measurement for heat strain-related data has been more and more valued. Efforts have been made recently to use more sensitive physiological indicators with the hope to better inform decision-making in heat abatement in dairy farms. To get an insight into the early detection of heat strain in dairy cows, the present review focuses on the recent efforts developing early detection methods of heat strain in dairy cows based on body temperatures and respiratory dynamics. For every candidate animal-based indicator, state-of-the-art measurement methods and existing thresholds were summarized. Body surface temperature and respiration rate were concluded to be the best early indicators of heat strain due to their high feasibility of measurement and sensitivity to heat stress. Future studies should customize heat strain thresholds according to different internal and external factors that have an impact on the sensitivity to heat stress. Wearable devices are most promising to achieve real-time measurement in practical dairy farms. Combined with internet of things technologies, a comprehensive strategy based on both animal- and environment-based indicators is expected to increase the precision of early detection of heat strain in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shu
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;
- AgroBioChem/TERRA, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;
| | - Leifeng Guo
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- AgroBioChem/TERRA, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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Moura GAB, Costa CCDM, Fonsêca VDFC, Wijffels G, Castro PA, Neto MC, Maia ASC. Are crossbred cattle (F1, Bos indicus x Bos taurus) thermally different to the purebred Bos indicus cattle under moderate conditions? Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Freitas Silveira RM, Ferreira J, Busanello M, Maria de Vasconcelos A, Jannuzzi Valente FL, Evangelista Façanha DA. Relationship between thermal environment and morphophysiological, performance and carcass traits of Brahman bulls raised on tropical pasture: A canonical approach to a set of indicators. J Therm Biol 2020; 96:102814. [PMID: 33627260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand and discuss the relationships of the thermal environment, morphophysiological response, performance, and carcass traits of Brahman bulls from weaning at 18 months exposed to grazing conditions based on the physiological and evolutionary rationale behind the different proposals for the thermal adaptation of zebu cattle. Fifty-three uncastrated and clinically healthy bulls with birth and weaning weight of 34.0 ± 3.32 kg and 215.5 ± 44.75 kg, respectively, were evaluated. Fifteen canonical correlations were estimated, but only six were significant: thermal environment × thermoregulatory responses (rc = 0.4635; P = 0.0413); thermal environment × performance (rc = 0.4338; P = 0.0218); thermoregulatory responses × performance (rc = 0.5119; P = 0.0071); hair coat characteristics × performance (rc = 0.4939; P = 0.0273); hormone × carcass traits (rc = 0.5408; P = 0.0698); and performance × carcass traits (rc = 0.9644; P < 0.0001). Thermal environment, thermoregulatory responses and hair coat morphology influence of 18.81%, 21.49% and 24.40%, respectively, were found in the performance. We also concluded that (i) rectal temperature (RT) is a homoeothermic indicator; (ii) sweating rate (SR) is an important heat dissipation mechanism to explain the adaptation of zebu animals in the tropics and is related to weight at 550 days (W550); (iii) coat morphology, especially length (HL), diameter (HD) and hair density (ND) are related to animal performance; and (iv) hormonal profile, mainly T4, influences the carcass traits (yield, weight, subcutaneous fat and marble meat).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josiel Ferreira
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (UFERSA), Department of Animal Science, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcos Busanello
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" /University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Department of Animal Science and Pastures, 13418900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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15
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Evangelista Façanha DA, Leite JHGM, Rufino Sousa JE, Ferreira JB, Costa WP, Jannuzzi Valente FL, Bermejo Asensio LA. Phenotypic selection of Brahman bulls: Adaptive typification for breeding programs. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102736. [PMID: 33077147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adaptive and productive performance and determine which characteristics related to adaptation could be included as criteria for the selection of Brahman bulls managed in a tropical region. Fifty Brahman bulls were evaluated in relation to productive performance and adaptive capacity to a hot environment. The animals were grouped according to the following characteristics: Respiratory rate (RR), Sweating rate (SR) and coat traits. Three clusters were formed with these different characteristics related to thermoregulation after that these clusters were compared with productive performance that includes weighing of animals, carcass and scrotal circumference. The high adapted group corresponded to the animals with higher productive performance, with heavier animals in terms of weight at 550 days and carcass weight. The principal components analysis (PCA1) showed that carcass weight (0.95), weight at 550 days (0.92) and gain weight (0.71) were characteristics strongly correlated with the performance of the animals. These sets of characteristics were analyzed together (productive characteristics) in a multiple regression. The animals with better productive performance presented shorter hair, a greater capacity to heat dissipate by sweating and a lower rectal temperature. These characteristics were most suitable to inclusion in the breeding programs, resulting in higher economic gains. It is possible to simultaneously select resistant animals to thermal stress as well as to maintain the productivity of the flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Andrea Evangelista Façanha
- Laboratory of Adaptive Physiology and Genetic Resources, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais Leite
- Laboratory of Adaptive Physiology and Genetic Resources, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - José Ernandes Rufino Sousa
- Laboratory of Adaptive Physiology and Genetic Resources, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Josiel Borges Ferreira
- Laboratory of Adaptive Physiology and Genetic Resources, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Wirton Peixoto Costa
- Laboratory of Adaptive Physiology and Genetic Resources, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Alberto Bermejo Asensio
- Department of Science Universidad de La Laguna - Carretera General do Geneto, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Leite da Silva WA, Poehland R, Carvalho de Oliveira C, Ribeiro Ferreira MGC, Garcia de Almeida R, Cáceres MBS, Macedo GG, da Costa E Silva EV, Alves FV, Nogueira E, de Andrade Melo-Sterza F. Shading effect on physiological parameters and in vitro embryo production of tropical adapted Nellore heifers in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2273-2281. [PMID: 32144659 PMCID: PMC7426302 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of increased shadow supply in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems on in vitro embryonic development and physiological parameters related to stress response in Nellore heifers (Bos indicus). For the study, animals (n = 16) were randomly divided into two groups and kept in areas with different afforestation systems, the integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) and the integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system. The microclimate of the ICLF system provided better comfort conditions than ICL. No differences of respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, T3, T4, oocyte quality, and cleavage rate between the systems were verified. A higher blastocyst rate was observed in the ICLF (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that Nellore heifers managed in ICLF during summer in Midwest of Brazil showed higher production of in vitro embryos, without typical changes in its physiological parameters. The results observed in the present study indicate that zebu females are able to respond satisfactorily to the intense heat conditions; however, we believe that the long period to which these animals are exposed to these conditions interferes in the oocyte competence and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Poehland
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Ricardo Garcia de Almeida
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Guerino Macedo
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Villa Alves
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Eriklis Nogueira
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Pantanal, Corumbá, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Melo-Sterza
- Animal Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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de Vasconcelos AM, de Albuquerque CC, de Carvalho JF, Façanha DAE, Lima FRG, Silveira RMF, Ferreira J. Adaptive profile of dairy cows in a tropical region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:105-113. [PMID: 31485808 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the main variables which act in the adaptive profile and the dynamic of the thermoregulatory responses of Sindi and Girolando dairy cows in tropical conditions using multivariate analyses as the auxiliary method. Thirty dairy cows were evaluated, in which the data were collected monthly during 12 months. Rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) were measured twice a day (morning and afternoon), along with meteorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed), and later the Black Globe and Humidity Index and Radiant Heat Load were calculated. Blood samples were collected for estimating the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), hemoglobin concentration (HC), red blood cells (RBC), packet cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TRI), creatinine (CRE), total protein (TP), urea (URE), albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The more active variables in the adaptive profile for Sindi cows were T4, PCV, RBC, WBC, TRI, CRE, HC, T3, and URE, while PCV, RBC, ALB, TP, RT, RR, URE, ALT, and AST variables were more active for Girolando cows. All animals were classified according to their corresponding group when considering all variables under study. The classification error percentage was > 40% in the Sindi cows when the physiological responses were considered, whereas an 80% success rate was observed in Girolando cows in the winter and summer seasons. The physiological responses of the dairy cows are similar in winter and distinct in summer in tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fátima Révia Granja Lima
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), 62040370, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Josiel Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (UFERSA), 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Medeiros dos Santos M, de Souza-Junior JBF, dos Santos VJS, Castelo TDS, de Queiroz JPAF, de Costa LLM. Differences between times of day for the basic physiological traits of Nellore bulls exposed to solar radiation. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1594124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Medeiros dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biometeorology and Environmental Biophysics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thibério de Souza Castelo
- Laboratory of Biometeorology and Environmental Biophysics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil
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Paim TP, Goulart RDO, da Silva DAL, Sousa JDA, Gonçalves LF, Claudio FL, Calgaro Júnior G, Gléria AA, Santos LC, Alves EM. Relationship of weight gain with infrared temperatures in Nelore and F1 (Nelore × Angus) heifers reared in two forage production systems1. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4002-4011. [PMID: 29912338 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive production systems require high-yield genetics as obtained in Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbreeding. Generally, high-producing taurine cattle are more susceptible to parasites and heat stress. This study evaluated animal performance, heat-stress measurement (infrared temperatures), and internal parasite infection with daily weight gain in heifers from 2 genetic groups (Nelore and F1-Nelore × Angus) reared in 2 forage production systems (with or without crop-livestock system) during 1 yr. The main objectives were to determine the relationship between infrared measures and animal performance and whether it differs between genetic groups and environments. Thirty-six heifers were randomly assigned to 2 forage production systems, one considered as high-input system with crop-livestock system and other exclusive livestock system considered as low input. At each 28 d, infrared thermography (IR) temperatures, weight, and internal parasite infection (fecal egg count) were measured. The temperatures of the eye, snout, forehead, dewlap, body, ground and squeeze chute were determined. F1 heifers had higher weight gain than Nelore (P < 0.05) and both did not differ in internal parasite infection (P > 0.05). F1 heifers had higher IR than Nelore (P < 0.05). The main body points that differentiate between genetic groups were dewlap, forehead, and eye. Higher dewlap IR temperature (DW) was associated with higher average daily gain (ADG) during dry season (independently of genetic groups) (ADG = -0.755 + 0.032 × DW; R2 = 0.44). Otherwise, the IR temperatures had a negative relationship with ADG during rainy season and low forehead IR temperature was related to higher average daily gain (ADG = 1.81 - 0.033 × forehead; R2 = 0.12 for F1 animals and ADG = 1.46 - 0.025 × forehead; R2 = 0.07 for Nelore). The infrared temperatures were more related to animal performance during the dry season, which had high temperature and low humidity. The infrared temperatures were able to identify the animal response to the environment challenge. Animals with higher temperatures (dewlap and forehead) had higher daily gain during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Paim
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
| | | | - Diego A L da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas F Gonçalves
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
| | - Flavio L Claudio
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
| | - Guido Calgaro Júnior
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
| | - Alexandra A Gléria
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Polo de Inovação, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Estenio M Alves
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Iporá, Iporá, Brazil
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