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Schmidt FA, Werncke D, Kappes R, Fischer V, Gomes IPO, Cardozo LL, Reche NLM, Voges JG, Felipus NC, Filho RP, Vizzotto EF, de Abreu AS, Neto AT. Energy and protein levels in dairy cow diets to recover milk ethanol stability. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00923-8. [PMID: 38876211 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy and protein in the diet on the recovery of milk ethanol stability (MES) induced by feed restriction. Twelve Holstein and Holstein x Jersey crossbred cows with an average of 146 ± 50 d in milk, 575.4 ± 70 kg of body weight, and 18.93 ± 5.46 kg/d of milk yield were distributed in a 3x3 Latin square design with 3 treatments and 3 experimental periods. Each experimental period lasted 24 d, comprising 3 phases: a 13-d adaptation phase (100E+100P), a 4-d induction phase for milk ethanol instability (50E+50P), and a 7-d recovery phase for MES (3 treatments). The 3 treatments during the recovery phase consisted of 3 diets aiming to meet the requirements of energy and protein (100E+100P), only energy (100E+50P), or only protein (50E+100P). The diet during the adaptation and induction phases was common for all cows. The energy and protein levels to meet each cow's requirements were based on the group average. Restriction of energy and protein reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total digestive nutrient intake for cows fed 100E+50P and 50E+100P. The lowest body weight was observed for cows fed 50E+100P, with no difference for body condition score. During the induction phase, MES "was" reduced by 9 percentage units. Cows fed 100E+100P recovered MES in the first days of the recovery phase, while 100E+50P slightly improved MES, and 50E+100P had a constant decrease in MES. Cows fed 100E+50P and 50E+100P produced, respectively, 3.6 and 5.9 kg less milk than those fed 100E+100P. The 50E+100P treatment exhibited the highest milk fat content and somatic cell score, along with the lowest milk lactose content. Protein content was higher in the 100E+100P treatment. Cows fed 50E+100P showed higher serum albumin levels compared with those on the 100E+100P treatment, not differing from the 100E+50P treatment. We concluded that the complete recovery of MES in cows with feed restrictions is possible only by supplying both the energy and protein requirements in the cows' diet. However, restricting energy intake poses a greater limitation on MES recovery compared with restricting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Schmidt
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - D Werncke
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Agronomia, Avenida Paulo Gama, 110, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Kappes
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - V Fischer
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Agronomia, Avenida Paulo Gama, 110, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I P O Gomes
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L L Cardozo
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - N L M Reche
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - J G Voges
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - N C Felipus
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - R Parizotto Filho
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - E F Vizzotto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Agronomia, Avenida Paulo Gama, 110, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A S de Abreu
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Agronomia, Avenida Paulo Gama, 110, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Thaler Neto
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Avenida Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Tong J, Ji X, Zhang H, Xiong B, Cui D, Jiang L. The Analysis of the Ubiquitylomic Responses to Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Bovine Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4331-4343. [PMID: 35923910 PMCID: PMC9342659 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s368779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the primary pathogens responsible for subclinical mastitis, a significant economic burden for dairy farms. An essential component of the immune response to infection is ubiquitination, which plays important roles in the complex interactions between the pathogen and host. Materials and Methods In the present study, quantitative ubiquitylomics was performed to profile changes in the global ubiquitinome of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) infected with S. agalactiae. Results The most notable changes in the BMEC ubiquitinome were related to the adherens junction, ribosome, and tight junction pathways. Ubiquitination of CTNNB1, EGFR, ITGB1, CTNNA1, CTNNA2, CDH1, YES1, and SLC9A3R1 appears to be fundamental for regulating multiple cellular processes in BMECs in response to S. agalactiae infection. In addition, broad ubiquitination of various effectors and outer membrane proteins was observed. Ubiquitinated proteins in S. agalactiae-infected BMECs were associated with regulating cell junctions in the host, with potential implications for susceptibility to infection. Conclusion The preliminary findings suggest that extensive ubiquitination of CTNNB1, CDH1 and SLC9A3R1 and proteins closely related to cell junctions might play an important role in mastitis progression in dairy cows. The results provide evidence that ubiquitin modification of certain proteins in S. agalactiae-infected BMECs could be a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing mammary gland injury and mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xintong Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCVM, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Defeng Cui, Beijing Key Laboratory of TCVM, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 (10)-81798091, Email
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Linshu Jiang, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 (10)-81798091, Email
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Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111404. [PMID: 35681868 PMCID: PMC9179430 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How ovarian hormones affect goat lactation by regulating cell–cell junctions is still unclear. Through the in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that ovarian hormones could elevate cell–cell junction protein expression, which may affect the intercellular space and molecule transportation between the goat mammary epithelial cells. Our assessment suggests that ovarian hormones may affect goat milk production by regulating the cell–cell junction protein expression between mammary epithelial cells. Abstract The sex hormones of estrogen and progesterone (P4) play a vital role in mammary gland development and milk lactation in ruminants. The tight junction (TJ) between adjacent secretory epithelial cells is instrumental in establishing the mammary blood–milk barrier. However, whether estrogen and P4 exert their effect on mammary function via regulating TJ remain unclear. Here, to clarify the role of 17-β estradiol (E2) and P4 in the regulation of TJ in goat mammary gland, we first explored the relationships between the concentrations of E2, P4, and the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 during the mammary gland development in goat. Then, we further explored the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 in the goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) in vitro under different concentrations of E2 and P4. The results demonstrated that the protein expression of claudin-1 decreased, but occludin and ZO-1 increased with the decline in E2 and P4 during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. In the in vitro studies, E2 exerted a positive effect on the mRNA expression of claudin-1, and accelerated the proteins’ expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in GMECs; P4 upregulated the mRNA expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1, and also improved the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and ZO-1 in the GMECs. The results demonstrated that E2 and P4 play an important role in regulating the expression of the mammary TJ components, which may ultimately affect the mammary gland development and milk lactation.
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