Acute effects of hemodialysis on lung function in patients with end-stage renal disease

Changes in pulmonary restrictive parameters by intensive home hemodialysis: a case report

Background

Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk for restrictive lung disease due to accumulation of uremic toxins and volume overload. Hemodialysis is the preferred treatment for improving lung function in dialysis patients. However, the effects of fluid removal and solute clearance by hemodialysis on lung function remain unclear.

Case presentation

We report a case of restrictive lung disorder in a hemodialysis patient, who showed improvement in both clinical and spirometric lung function after initiation of intensive home hemodialysis (32 h per week).

Conclusion

Intensive hemodialysis augments fluid removal and solute clearance, which in turn may improve restrictive lung function.

A study of pulmonary function in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The aim here was to study acute effects of hemodialysis among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Prospective study in tertiary-level care center.

METHODS

Fifty ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis were studied. Spirometric pulmonary function tests were performed before and after four-hour hemodialysis sessions.

RESULTS

The patients' average age was 45.8 ± 10.0 years; 64% were males and 64% had normal body mass index. Anemia (94%) and hypoalbuminemia (72%) were common. Diabetes mellitus (68%), hypertension (34%) and coronary artery disease (18%) were major comorbidities. Forty-five patients (90%) had been on hemodialysis for six months to three years. The patients' pre-dialysis mean forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were below normal: 45.8 ± 24.9% and 43.5 ± 25.9% of predicted, respectively. After hemodialysis, these increased significantly, to 51.1 ± 23.4% and 49.3 ± 25.5% of predicted, respectively (P < 0.01). The increase in mean FEV1/FVC, from 97.8 ± 20.8% to 99.3 ± 20.1% of predicted, was not significant (P > 0.05). The pre-dialysis mean forced expiratory flow 25-75% was 50.1 ± 31% and increased significantly, to 56.3 ± 31.6% of predicted (P < 0.05). The mean peak expiratory flow was below normal (43.8 ± 30.7%) and increased significantly, to 49.1 ± 29.9% of predicted (P < 0.05). Males and females showed similar directions of change after hemodialysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Pulmonary function abnormalities are common among ESRD patients. Comparison of pre and post-hemodialysis parameters showed significant improvements, but normal predicted values were still not achieved.

Pulmonary Function in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: Effects of Hemodialysis and Fluid Overload

Background

Respiratory system disorders are one of the most prevalent complications in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. However, the pathogenesis of impaired pulmonary functions has not been completely elucidated in these patients. We designed a study to investigate acute effects of hemodialysis treatment on spirometry parameters, focusing on the relationship between pulmonary function and fluid status in hemodialysis patients.

Material/Methods

We enrolled 54 hemodialysis patients in this study. Multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess fluid status before and 30 min after the midweek of hemodialysis (HD). Overhydration (OH)/extracellular water (ECW)% ratio was used as an indicator of fluid status. Fluid overload was defined as OH/ECW ≥7%. Spirometry was performed before and after hemodialysis.

Results

Forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC%, and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) levels were significantly increased after hemodialysis. FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25–75), FEF25–75%, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and PEFR% were significantly lower in patients with fluid overload than in those without. OH/ECW ratio was negatively correlated with FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, FEF25–75, FEF25–75%, PEFR, and PEFR%. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that male sex and increased ultrafiltration volume were independently associated with higher FVC, whereas increased age and OH/ECW ratio were independently associated with lower FVC.

Conclusions

Fluid overload is closely associated with restrictive and obstructive respiratory abnormalities in HD patients. In addition, hemodialysis has a beneficial effect on pulmonary function tests, which may be due to reduction of volume overload.

Força muscular respiratória e capacidade funcional na insuficiência renal terminal

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação da força muscular respiratória com a capacidade funcional, força proximal de membros inferiores e variáveis bioquímicas em pacientes em hemodiálise (HD). MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 30 indivíduos (18 homens), com 53,4 ± 12,9 anos e tempo de HD de 41,1 ± 55,7 meses. Foram avaliados pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax), pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax), distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (6MWT), número de repetições no teste de sentar-e-levantar em 30 segundos (TSL) e registrados os exames bioquímicos de rotina no serviço. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição da PEmax em relação aos valores preditos (p = 0,015) e redução na distância percorrida no 6MWT quando comparados com equações de predição (p < 0,001). O logPImax e o logPEmax correlacionaram-se com o número de repetições no TSL (r = 0,476, p = 0,008; r = 0,540, p = 0,002, respectivamente), e com os níveis séricos de fósforo (r = 0,422, p = 0,020; r = 0,639, p < 0,001, respectivamente). A distância no 6MWT correlacionou-se com o logPEmax (r = 0,511; p = 0,004) e com o número de repetições no TSL (r = 0,561; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A redução da PEmax em pacientes com IRT em HD está associada à capacidade funcional, força proximal de membros inferiores e níveis de fósforo sérico, podendo representar, pelo menos em parte, o baixo desempenho físico-funcional desses pacientes.

Função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória em pacientes com doença renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função pulmonar e a força muscular respiratória de pacientes com doença renal crônica e correlacioná-las com a variação de peso ligada à realização de hemodiálise; estudar a correlação entre o tempo de hemodiálise e possíveis alterações respiratórias. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 17 pacientes (mediana de idade, 47 anos; intervalo interquartílico, 41-52 anos) submetidos a três sessões semanais de hemodiálise (mediana de tempo, 27 meses; intervalo interquartílico, 14-55). Doze eram do sexo masculino. Realizaram espirometria e mensuração das pressões máximas inspiratória (PImáx) e expiratória (PEmáx) antes e após a primeira sessão semanal de hemodiálise. O peso corporal foi quantificado antes e após as três sessões semanais. RESULTADOS: Oito pacientes apresentaram distúrbio restritivo leve antes da primeira sessão de hemodiálise. Desses, 2 normalizaram após a sessão. Houve aumento da capacidade vital forçada (p = 0,02) e diminuição de peso (p = 0,0001) ao final da primeira sessão semanal. A variação de peso durante três dias sem hemodiálise tendeu a se correlacionar com a variação da capacidade vital forçada na primeira sessão (r = 0,47; p = 0,055). O tempo de hemodiálise correlacionou-se com os valores da porcentagem do predito da PImáx (r = -0,53; p = 0,03) e com a PEmáx (r = -0,63; p = 0,006) pré-diálise. CONCLUSÕES: O maior ganho de peso no período interdialítico está associado com a piora da função pulmonar, que pode ser quase totalmente revertida com hemodiálise. Além disso, o maior tempo de hemodiálise está associado à diminuição da força muscular respiratória.

Shortness of breath during dialysis--a role of bicarbonate in dialysis fluid?

Occasionally dialysis patients show symptoms that indicate intolerance in the way dialysis is delivered. This paper describes two cases of transient shortness of breath during the initial treatments after starting online haemodiafiltration (HDF). Our actions to deal with these symptoms focused on reducing the bicarbonate gain during the first phase of the dialysis treatment. As the symptoms gradually disappeared we hypothesise that the bicarbonate concentration in the dialysis fluid may play an important role for the development of shortness of breath and hypoxemia during HDF treatments.

Acute effects of intermittent hemodialysis and sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis (SLED) on the pulmonary function of patients under mechanical ventilation

The effects of hemodialysis (HD) on pulmonary function are still controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) on the respiratory mechanics of ICU patients under invasive mechanical ventilation. We prospectively studied 31 patients. Laboratory and respiratory evaluation (static and dynamic compliance and resistance) was performed pre- and post-HD. Forty HD sessions were studied and grouped in: SLED (n = 17; Qa = 200-250 mL/min, Qd = 300 mL/min) and IHD (n = 23; Qa = 250-300 mL/min, Qd = 500 mL/min). There was no difference between the groups according to age, gender, comorbidities, APACHE II, and cause of mechanical ventilation, but pre-HD, patients in the IHD group had higher levels of plasma creatinine (5.4 +/- 2.0 vs. 4.2 +/- 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.048) and platelets (286 +/- 186 vs. 174 +/- 95 10(3)/mm(2), p = 0.032) and lower arterial pH (7.37 +/- 0.07 vs. 7.42 +/- 0.05, p = 0.02). The efficiency of the treatment was similar (p > 0.05) with both types of HD regarding fluid removal, urea reduction rate, and decrease in plasma creatinine. Pre-HD, the ventilatory conditions of both groups were similar (p > 0.05) except for pressure support ventilation and airflow resistance. There were no changes (pre- versus post-HD p > 0.05) induced either by IHD or SLED in the ratio PaO(2)/FiO(2) or in any measured ventilatory parameter. In conclusion, neither IHD nor SLED modifies the pulmonary function of patients under mechanical ventilation.