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Schlatterer K, Maxeiner HG, Zouboulis CC, Daeschlein G. Methicillin-resistenter Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) – eine zentrale Hygiene-Herausforderung in der Dermatologie. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1703-1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Methicillin-resistente Staphylococcus aureus ist ein im täglichen Alltag insbesondere für den Bereich der Dermatologie relevanter multiresistenter gram-positiver bakterieller Erreger. Chronische Wunden und atopische Dermatitis sowie der Typ II-Diabetes mellitus spielen hier als Risikofaktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fokussiert sich neben Ausführungen zu Bedeutung und klinischem Vorkommen auf eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Hygieneaspekte bei der Behandlung von MRSA-besiedelten oder -infizierten Patienten. Ziel einer solchen Behandlung mit etablierten Hygienekonzepten ist es, eine mögliche Verbreitung des multiresistenten Erregers von einem Patienten auf andere Personen zu verhindern. Werden diese Hygiene-Maßnahmen umgesetzt und gleichzeitig bei einer Infektion eine evidenzbasierte, nach dem Antibiotic-Stewardship ausgerichtete antibiotische Therapie initiiert, sind dies zwei wesentliche Bausteine, um auch weiterhin, wie in den letzten Jahren schon in Nord- und Mitteleuropa beobachtet, rückläufige MRSA-Prävalenzen zu erzielen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schlatterer
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Sankt Gertrauden Krankenhaus, Berlin
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Deutschland
| | | | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Hochschulkliniklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Dessau, Deutschland
| | - Georg Daeschlein
- Hochschulkliniklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Dessau, Deutschland
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de With K, Allerberger F, Amann S, Apfalter P, Brodt HR, Eckmanns T, Fellhauer M, Geiss HK, Janata O, Krause R, Lemmen S, Meyer E, Mittermayer H, Porsche U, Presterl E, Reuter S, Sinha B, Strauß R, Wechsler-Fördös A, Wenisch C, Kern WV. Strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in hospital: a guideline by the German Society for Infectious Diseases. Infection 2017; 44:395-439. [PMID: 27066980 PMCID: PMC4889644 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In the time of increasing resistance and paucity of new drug development there is a growing need for strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in German and Austrian hospitals. An evidence-based guideline on recommendations for implementation of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes was developed by the German Society for Infectious Diseases in association with the following societies, associations and institutions: German Society of Hospital Pharmacists, German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, The Austrian Association of Hospital Pharmacists, Austrian Society for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Austrian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Robert Koch Institute. Materials and methods A structured literature research was performed in the databases EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library from January 2006 to November 2010 with an update to April 2012 (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library). The grading of recommendations in relation to their evidence is according to the AWMF Guidance Manual and Rules for Guideline Development. Conclusion The guideline provides the grounds for rational use of antibiotics in hospital to counteract antimicrobial resistance and to improve the quality of care of patients with infections by maximising clinical outcomes while minimising toxicity. Requirements for a successful implementation of ABS programmes as well as core and supplemental ABS strategies are outlined. The German version of the guideline was published by the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) in December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de With
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Allerberger
- Division Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Amann
- Hospital Pharmacy, Munich Municipal Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - P Apfalter
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - H-R Brodt
- Department of Infectious Disease Medical Clinic II, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Eckmanns
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fellhauer
- Hospital Pharmacy, Schwarzwald-Baar Hospital, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - H K Geiss
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infectiology, Sana Kliniken AG, Ismaning, Germany
| | - O Janata
- Department for Hygiene and Infection Control, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Lemmen
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Meyer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Mittermayer
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - U Porsche
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information, Landesapotheke, Landeskliniken Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Presterl
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Reuter
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology and Osteology, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Strauß
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wechsler-Fördös
- Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Wenisch
- Medical Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - W V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Kamenski G, Wagner G, Zehetmayer S, Fink W, Spiegel W, Hoffmann K. Antibacterial resistances in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: ECO·SENS II data from primary health care in Austria. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:222. [PMID: 22989349 PMCID: PMC3520812 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) are a frequent reason for consultation of women in primary health care. To avoid therapy failure and development of resistances, the choice of an antibiotic should be based on the knowledge of recent local resistance data but these data are scarce for the Austrian primary health care sector. Within the context of the ECO·SENS II study it was the aim to obtain appropriate and relevant local resistance data and describe the changes in the resistance pattern in comparison to the ECO·SENS study. Methods 23 GPs from different parts of Austria participated in the study between July 2007 and November 2008. According to the defined inclusion- and exclusion criteria female patients with symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI were included and a midstream urine sample was collected. In case of significant bacteriuria susceptibility testing of E. coli against 14 antibiotics was performed. Descriptive statistical methods were used. Results In 313 patients included in the study, a total of 147 E. coli isolates (47%) were detected and tested. The resistance rates were in %: Mecillinam (0.0), nitrofurantoin (0.7), fosfomycin trometamol (0.7), gentamycin (1.4), cefotaxime (2.7), ceftazidime (2.7), Cephadroxil (4.1) and ciprofloxacin (4.1). Higher resistance rates were found in amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (8.9), nalidixic acid (9.6), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (14.4), trimethoprim (15.8), sulphamethoxazole (21.2) and ampicillin (28.8). Additionally, the comparison of these results with the results of the ECO·SENS study demonstrated an increase in resistance rates of ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions The resistance data for E. coli in uncomplicated UTIs in women gained by this study are the most recent data for this disease in Austria at the moment. The increased resistance rates of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid should be respected when choosing an appropriate antibiotic for uncomplicated UTIs. The use of ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulphametoxazole in uncomplicated UTIs in women should be questioned at all. The findings of this study should result in a regular surveillance system of resistances emerging in the ambulatory sector designed after the model of the EARS-Net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Kamenski
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Systematic in General Practice, Ollersbachgasse 144, 2261, Angern, Austria
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Hoffmann K, Wagner G, Apfalter P, Maier M. Antibiotic resistance in primary care in Austria - a systematic review of scientific and grey literature. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:330. [PMID: 22123085 PMCID: PMC3245451 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is an increasing challenge for health care services worldwide. While up to 90% of antibiotics are being prescribed in the outpatient sector recommendations for the treatment of community-acquired infections are usually based on resistance findings from hospitalized patients. In context of the EU-project called "APRES - the appropriateness of prescribing antibiotic in primary health care in Europe with respect to antibiotic resistance" it was our aim to gain detailed information about the resistance data from Austria in both the scientific and the grey literature. Methods A systematic review was performed including scientific and grey literature published between 2000 and 2010. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and the review process followed published recommendations. Results Seventeen scientific articles and 23 grey literature documents could be found. In contrast to the grey literature, the scientific publications describe only a small part of the resistance situation in the primary health care sector in Austria. Merely half of these publications contain data from the ambulatory sector exclusively but these data are older than ten years, are very heterogeneous concerning the observed time period, the number and origin of the isolates and the kind of bacteria analysed. The grey literature yields more comprehensive and up-to-date information of the content of interest. These sources are available in German only and are not easily accessible. The resistance situation described in the grey literature can be summarized as rather stable over the last two years. For Escherichia coli e.g. the highest antibiotic resistance rates can be seen with fluorochiniolones (19%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (27%). Conclusion Comprehensive and up-to-date antibiotic resistance data of different pathogens isolated from the community level in Austria are presented. They could be found mainly in the grey literature, only few are published in peer-reviewed journals. The grey literature, therefore, is a very valuable source of relevant information. It could be speculated that the situation of published literature is similar in other countries as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hoffmann
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str, 13a/3rd floor, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Analysis of Slovenian MRSA strains with susceptibility patterns suggestive of CA-MRSA. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010; 121:552-7. [PMID: 19890744 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-009-1178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) differs from healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) in its molecular and microbiological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six Slovenian regional public health institutes and the National Institute of Public Health took part in monitoring CA-MRSA infections. S. aureus isolates resistant to oxacillin and susceptible to > or = two of the four antibiotics ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin or gentamicin were defined as CA-MRSA and further analyzed. The presence of the gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was confirmed using PCR, the type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) using multiplex PCR, and macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS A total of 31 strains from 31 patients were analyzed during a period of 21 months: 23 specimens were sent from hospitals, six from primary care, two from a long-term care facility. All 31 isolates contained the gene mecA. Sixteen (51.6%) isolates were identified as SCCmec type IV, three isolates were PVL positive. Using PFGE, the CA-MRSA strains were classified into 15 similarity groups. Results of antibiotic susceptibility showed there were five resistance types among the 31 strains. Simultaneous resistance against ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was often associated with the presence of SCCmec type I, strongly resembling HA-MRSA. CONCLUSIONS PVL-positive strains of CA-MRSA have been isolated in Slovenia only rarely. We will continue to monitor strains of MRSA in order to obtain the complete microbiological and epidemiological features.
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Allerberger F, Gareis R, Jindrák V, Struelens MJ. Antibiotic stewardship implementation in the EU: the way forward. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 7:1175-83. [PMID: 19968511 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for an agreement on the principles and key components of antibiotic stewardship to support the EU member states in developing their national or regional programs. A proposal for a conceptual framework was drafted during an international expert workshop on hospital antibiotic stewardship organized under the Czech presidency in Prague on 15 April 2009. This document aims at defining structural and organizational requirements to optimize antibiotic use for hospitalized patients. Optimization should aim at improving patient outcomes, ensuring cost-effective therapy, and reducing the adverse health and ecological effects of antimicrobial use, including drug resistance. Antibiotic stewardship is of relevance to hospital as well as community care. To progress on antibiotic stewardship implementation in the EU, we suggest that three issues need to be addressed: the need for further research on the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship strategies and interventions in different healthcare settings, the development of expert consensus on key elements of evidence-based best practice in hospital and community antibiotic stewardship, and strengthening the legal basis and core funding of antibiotic stewardship programs as integral components of quality and efficiency of care promotion initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Allerberger
- Osterreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit,Spargelfeldstrasse 191, A-1220 Wien, Austria.
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