Autoimmunerkrankungen bei Typ 1 Diabetes

CEBPA as a potential hub gene for cutaneous inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND

The role of inflammation in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related skin complications necessitates further investigation. This study aims to explore the correlation between inflammation and cutaneous alterations in T2DM, enhancing comprehension of underlying mechanism involved.

METHODS

Utilizing bioinformatics, the GSE38396 and GSE92724 datasets were employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and potential hub genes in T2DM-related skin inflammation. Subsequently, gene functional enrichment analysis was employed for functional annotation. Finally, we validated the regulatory impact of hub gene on inflammation during high glucose incubation using the in vitro model.

RESULTS

A comprehensive analysis identified 742 DEGs, including 9 hub genes and 4 potential biomarkers. Compared to the CON group, the expression of M2 macrophages was significantly upregulated in the T2DM group, while resting dendritic cells and eosinophils showed notable decreases, indicating a significant correlation with CEBPA. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in pathways linked to immunity and diabetes pathogenesis. Interestingly, overexpression of CEBPA demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects under hyperglycemic conditions, while silencing CEBPA expression appeared to worsen inflammation.

CONCLUSION

CEBPA emerges as a potential hub gene for skin inflammation in T2DM, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of this condition.

Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Diabetes mellitus is a widespread endocrine disease with severe impact on health systems worldwide. Increased serum glucose causes damage to a wide range of cell types, including endothelial cells, neurons, and renal cells, but also keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Skin disorders can be found in about one third of all people with diabetes and frequently occur before the diagnosis, thus playing an important role in the initial recognition of underlying disease. Noninfectious as well as infectious diseases have been described as dermatologic manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, diabetic neuropathy and angiopathy may also affect the skin. Pruritus, necrobiosis lipoidica, scleredema adultorum of Buschke, and granuloma annulare are examples of frequent noninfectious skin diseases. Bacterial and fungal skin infections are more frequent in people with diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy and angiopathy are responsible for diabetic foot syndrome and diabetic dermopathy. Furthermore, antidiabetic therapies may provoke dermatologic adverse events. Treatment with insulin may evoke local reactions like lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy and both instant and delayed type allergy. Erythema multiforme, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, drug eruptions, and photosensitivity have been described as adverse reactions to oral antidiabetics. The identification of lesions may be crucial for the first diagnosis and for proper therapy of diabetes.