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Gao L, Wang X, Guo L, Zhang W, Wang G, Han S, Zhang Y. Sex differences in diabetes‑induced hepatic and renal damage. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:148. [PMID: 38476888 PMCID: PMC10928993 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide and is characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism that can induce severe damage to numerous organs throughout the body. Sex differences have been demonstrated in a number of factors associated with diabetes and its complications, such as diabetic kidney disease and diabetic liver disease. To investigate the sex differences in DM further, the changes in the weight, food and water intake, and blood sugar of mice were recorded for 8 weeks in the present study. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues. There is no significant difference in the water intake and blood glucose concentration between db/db female and male mice was observed. However, sex differences in liver and kidney damage including glomerular injury and hepatic fibrosis were found. In conclusion, the present study characterized the features of liver and kidney damage in db/db mice and indicated that sex differences should be taken into account in experiments using female and male experimental animals. Furthermore, sex differences should be taken into account in the selection of drug interventions in experiments and in clinical drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghuan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Xindi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Comprehensive Testing and Analytical Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Gengyin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- School of Nursing and Health, Caofeidian College of Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
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Li Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Research on the changes and predictions of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pacific Island countries from 1990 to 2019. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293681. [PMID: 38127863 PMCID: PMC10735006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the burden of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island countries and predict future trends. METHODS We analyzed and processed data using R and Excel software, performed Joinpoint 4.7.0 software analysis to investigate changing trends in disease burden, and used an autoregressive integrated moving average model to forecast future trends. RESULTS Our study showed that from 1990 to 2019, the burden of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island countries continues to increase, with the standardized incidence rate showing the most significant growth. Moreover, there were significant differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes between regions. In 2019, American Samoa had the highest standardized incidence rate, while Fiji had the highest standardized death rate and disability-adjusted life year rate. The standardized incidence rate peaked at ages 65-69 years, while the standardized death rate and disability-adjusted life year rate peaked at ages 95 years and 70-74 years respectively. Type 2 diabetes burden was higher among males than females. Based on our forecasting, from 2020 to 2030, the standardized incidence rate is expected to continue to rise, while the standardized death rate and disability-adjusted life year rate will slowly decline. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that the burden of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island countries has been increasing from 1990 to 2019. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen disease prevention and control measures in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medical and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medical and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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KITTNAR O. Selected Sex Related Differences in Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular System. Physiol Res 2020; 69:21-31. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual incidence of cardiovascular diseases is age-dependently increasing both in men and women, however, the prevalence is higher in men until midlife. The higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women of similar age, and the menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, has led to speculation that gender-related differences in sex hormones might have a key role in the development and evolution of cardiovascular disease. There are several suggested pathways in which gender and sex hormones can affect human cardiovascular system to produce original sexually different pathophysiology between women and men. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are critical determinants of cardiovascular gender differences. Also arterial blood pressure is typically lower in women than in men what could be explained particularly by greater synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in women. Female cardiomyocytes have a greater survival advantage when challenged with oxidative stress, suggesting that female hormones may play an important role in antioxidative protection of myocardium. It was also demonstrated in animal models that combination of XX chromosomes versus an XY chromosomes enhances sex differences in higher HDL cholesterol. Women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity (reflected by lower total peripheral resistance) and pulmonary artery pressure and enhanced parasympathetic activity relative to men. Similarly, men were found to have higher plasma norepinephrine levels than women. Regarding differences between the sexes in electrophysiology of the heart, two principle mechanisms have been proposed to explain them: hormonal effects on the expression or function of ion channels or, conversely, differences in autonomic tone. To improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, greater focus on understanding the molecular and cellular physiology of the sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the cardiovascular system will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. KITTNAR
- Institute of Physiology of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Relationship between psychological stress and metabolism in morbidly obese individuals. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 132:139-149. [PMID: 31820100 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-01583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence for a bidirectional relationship between obesity and stress-related mental disorders, the general relationship between psychological stress and metabolism is still controversial. Only few studies have addressed this relationship in morbidly obese individuals. METHODS The present study investigated the relationship between psychological distress, health-related quality of life (HRQL), eating behavior, negative emotions and body mass index (BMI), body composition and biomedical parameters of metabolism in an adult sample of 123 (94 females) morbidly obese individuals. RESULTS No significant relationship was found between psychological distress and BMI, body composition or any of the parameters of metabolism; however, there was a strong and robust association between HRQL in the physical domain and BMI, body composition and several biomedical parameters of sugar and fat metabolism. The results also showed an interesting dissociation in the relationship between BMI and HRQL in the physical and psychology domains. Only little evidence was found for a relationship between eating behavior (e.g. restraint) or negative emotions (e.g. anger) and BMI, body composition and parameters of metabolism. There was, however, a significant gender difference in restraint eating. Other commonly reported gender differences in BMI, body composition, fat metabolism and liver values were also observed in this sample of morbidly obese individuals. CONCLUSION Results from the present study highlight the relationship between HRQL in the physical domain and metabolism. Implications of these findings for weight loss treatment are discussed, emphasizing HRQL as an important treatment goal and the need for long-term psychological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Abtlg. für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Univ.-Klink für Innere Medizin III, Med. Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Universitätsklink für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090, Wien, Österreich.
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