|
1
|
Butnariu LI, Florea L, Badescu MC, Țarcă E, Costache II, Gorduza EV. Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060865. [PMID: 35743896 PMCID: PMC9225091 DOI: 10.3390/life12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the complex etiology, multifactorial (caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors) but also monogenic. The purpose of this review is to present the genetic factors involved in the etiology of CAD and their relationship to the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Method: we analyzed data from the literature, starting with candidate gene-based association studies, then continuing with extensive association studies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The results of these studies revealed that the number of genetic factors involved in CAD etiology is impressive. The identification of new genetic factors through GWASs offers new perspectives on understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that determine CAD. In conclusion, deciphering the genetic architecture of CAD by extended genomic analysis (GWAS/WES) will establish new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of new treatments. The identification of individuals at high risk for CAD using polygenic risk scores (PRS) will allow early prophylactic measures and personalized therapy to improve their prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Laura Florea
- Department of Nefrology—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Li X, Fu Z, Xu H, Zou J, Zhu H, Li Z, Su K, Huai D, Yi H, Guan J, Yin S. Influence of multiple apolipoprotein A-I and B genetic variations on insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:83. [PMID: 33005209 PMCID: PMC7523361 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships between apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), apolipoprotein B (APOB) with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS) are unclear in OSA. We aimed to evaluate whether the multiple single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of APOA-I and APOB exert a collaborative effect on insulin resistance and MetS in OSA. Methods Initially, 12 APOA-I SNPs and 30 APOB SNPs in 5259 subjects were examined. After strict screening, four APOA-I SNPs and five APOB SNPs in 4007 participants were included. For each participant, the genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on the cumulative effect of multiple genetic variants of APOA-I and APOB. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between APOA-I/APOB genetic polymorphisms, insulin resistance, and MetS in OSA. Results Serum APOB levels increased the risk of insulin resistance and MetS adjusting for age, gender and BMI [odds ratio (OR = 3.168, P < 0.001; OR = 6.098, P < 0.001, respectively]. APOA-I GRS decreased the risk of insulin resistance and MetS after adjustments (OR = 0.917, P = 0.001; OR = 0.870, P < 0.001, respectively). APOB GRS had no association with insulin resistance (OR = 1.364, P = 0.610), and had weak association with MetS after adjustments (OR = 1.072, P = 0.042). In addition, individuals in the top quintile of the APOA-I genetic score distribution had a lower risk of insulin resistance and MetS after adjustments (OR = 0.761, P = 0.007; OR = 0.637, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions In patients with OSA, cumulative effects of APOA-I genetic variations decreased the risk of insulin resistance and MetS, whereas multiple APOB genetic variations had no associations with insulin resistance and weak association with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Road 1954, Shanghai, 200030 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - De Huai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huai'an, 223002 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|