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Dovey Z, Horowitz A, Waingankar N. The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review. BJUI COMPASS 2023; 4:385-416. [PMID: 37334023 PMCID: PMC10268595 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mostly indolent natural history of prostate cancer (PCa) provides an opportunity for men to explore the benefits of lifestyle interventions. Current evidence suggests appropriate changes in lifestyle including diet, physical activity (PA) and stress reduction with or without dietary supplements may improve both disease outcomes and patient's mental health. Objective This article aims to review the current evidence on the benefits of all lifestyle programmes for PCa patients including those aimed at reducing obesity and stress, explore their affect on tumour biology and highlight any biomarkers that have clinical utility. Evidence acquisition Evidence was obtained from PubMed and Web of Science using keywords for each section on the affects of lifestyle interventions on (a) mental health, (b) disease outcomes and (c) biomarkers in PCa patients. PRISMA guidelines were used to gather the evidence for these three sections (15, 44 and 16 publications, respectively). Evidence synthesis For lifestyle studies focused on mental health, 10/15 demonstrated a positive influence, although for those programmes focused on PA it was 7/8. Similarly for oncological outcomes, 26/44 studies demonstrated a positive influence, although when PA was included or the primary focus, it was 11/13. Complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers show promise, as do inflammatory cytokines; however, a deeper understanding of their molecular biology in relation to PCa oncogenesis is required (16 studies reviewed). Conclusions Making PCa-specific recommendations on lifestyle interventions is difficult on the current evidence. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the heterogeneity of patient populations and interventions, the evidence that dietary changes and PA may improve both mental health and oncological outcomes is compelling, especially for moderate to vigorous PA. The results for dietary supplements are inconsistent, and although some biomarkers show promise, significantly more research is required before they have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Dovey
- Mount Sinai Health System, Department of UrologyIcahn Medical SchoolNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Icahn School of MedicineThe Mount Sinai HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Reallocating sedentary time to physical activity: effects on fatigue and quality of life in patients with breast cancer in the Phys-Can project. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:151. [PMID: 36738358 PMCID: PMC9899175 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the effects of reallocating sedentary time to an equal amount of light (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) on cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with breast cancer. We also aimed to determine the daily amount of sedentary time needed to be reallocated to LPA or MVPA to produce minimal clinically important changes in these outcomes. METHODS Pooled baseline data from three studies were used, including women with breast cancer who participated in the Phys-Can project. Fatigue was assessed with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory questionnaire (MFI; five dimensions, 4-20 scale) and HRQoL with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30; 0-100 scale). Sedentary time and physical activity were measured with accelerometry. Isotemporal substitution modelling was used for the analyses. RESULTS Overall, 436 participants (mean age 56 years, fatigue 11 [MFI], HRQoL 66 [EORTC QLQ-C30], LPA 254 min/day, MVPA 71 min/day) were included. Fatigue significantly decreased in two MFI dimensions when reallocating 30 min/day of sedentary time to LPA: reduced motivation and reduced activity (β = - 0.21). Fatigue significantly decreased in three MFI dimensions when reallocating 30 min/day of sedentary time to MVPA: general fatigue (β = - 0.34), physical fatigue (β = - 0.47) and reduced activity (β = - 0.48). To produce minimal clinically important changes in fatigue (- 2 points on MFI), the amount of sedentary time needed to be reallocated to LPA was ≈290 min/day and to MVPA was ≥ 125 min/day. No significant effects were observed on HRQoL when reallocating sedentary time to LPA or MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that reallocating sedentary time to LPA or MVPA has beneficial effects on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer, with MVPA having the greatest impact. In relatively healthy and physically active breast cancer populations, a large amount of time reallocation is needed to produce clinically important changes. Future studies are warranted to evaluate such effects in broader cancer populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02473003 (10/10/2014) and NCT04586517 (14/10/2020).
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Kendrick D, Hughes M, Coutts R, Ardzejewska K. Older gay men's engagement with physical activity: A scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:e457-e466. [PMID: 34260772 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Older gay men experience an elevated prevalence of adverse health conditions that may be compounded by age-related deterioration. Some of these conditions may be ameliorated by regular adherence to physical activity (PA). However, many gay men participate in less PA than their age-matched heterosexual counterparts. With a focus on gay men aged 60 and over, the aims of this review were to examine the evidence for older gay men's engagement with PA and the research approaches used to describe this group. A systematic search of six academic databases (Academic Search Premier, Cinahl, PubMed, Sport Discus, APA PsychInfo and APA PsychArticles) generated 23 papers from 1970 to 2020 that focused on older gay men's engagement with PA. Although surveys were well represented in the literature, further studies utilising qualitative methodological frameworks have the potential to inform targeted interventional programs aimed at reducing less health disparities. The value of PA in older adults lies principally in improved performance of activities of daily living, independent living, increased longevity, decreased cognitive decline and improved mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Kendrick
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosanne Coutts
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathie Ardzejewska
- Learning and Teaching Office, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Blair CK, Harding E, Wiggins C, Kang H, Schwartz M, Tarnower A, Du R, Kinney AY. A Home-Based Mobile Health Intervention to Replace Sedentary Time With Light Physical Activity in Older Cancer Survivors: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. JMIR Cancer 2021; 7:e18819. [PMID: 33847588 PMCID: PMC8087341 DOI: 10.2196/18819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older cancer survivors are at risk of the development or worsening of both age- and treatment-related morbidity. Sedentary behavior increases the risk of or exacerbates these chronic conditions. Light-intensity physical activity (LPA) is more common in older adults and is associated with better health and well-being. Thus, replacing sedentary time with LPA may provide a more successful strategy to reduce sedentary time and increase physical activity. Objective This study primarily aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a home-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention to interrupt and replace sedentary time with LPA (standing and stepping). The secondary objective of this study is to examine changes in objective measures of physical activity, physical performance, and self-reported quality of life. Methods Overall, 54 cancer survivors (aged 60-84 years) were randomized in a 1:1:1 allocation to the tech support intervention group, tech support plus health coaching intervention group, or waitlist control group. Intervention participants received a Jawbone UP2 activity monitor for use with their smartphone app for 13 weeks. Tech support and health coaching were provided via 5 telephone calls during the 13-week intervention. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were objectively measured using an activPAL monitor for 7 days before and after the intervention. Results Participants included survivors of breast cancer (21/54, 39%), prostate cancer (16/54, 30%), and a variety of other cancer types; a mean of 4.4 years (SD 1.6) had passed since their cancer diagnosis. Participants, on average, were 70 years old (SD 4.8), 55% (30/54) female, 24% (13/54) Hispanic, and 81% (44/54) overweight or obese. Malfunction of the Jawbone trackers occurred in one-third of the intervention group, resulting in enrollment stopping at 54 rather than the initial goal of 60 participants. Despite these technical issues, the retention in the intervention was high (47/54, 87%). Adherence was high for wearing the tracker (29/29, 100%) and checking the app daily (28/29, 96%) but low for specific aspects related to the sedentary features of the tracker and app (21%-25%). The acceptability of the intervention was moderately high (81%). There were no significant between-group differences in total sedentary time, number of breaks, or number of prolonged sedentary bouts. There were no significant between-group differences in physical activity. The only significant within-group change occurred within the health coaching group, which increased by 1675 daily steps (95% CI 444-2906; P=.009). This increase was caused by moderate-intensity stepping rather than light-intensity stepping (+15.2 minutes per day; 95% CI 4.1-26.2; P=.008). Conclusions A home-based mHealth program to disrupt and replace sedentary time with stepping was feasible among and acceptable to older cancer survivors. Future studies are needed to evaluate the optimal approach for replacing sedentary behavior with standing and/or physical activity in this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03632694; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03632694
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy K Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Elizabeth Harding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Charles Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthew Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Amy Tarnower
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ruofei Du
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Anita Y Kinney
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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van Roekel EH, Duchâteau J, Bours MJL, van Delden L, Breedveld-Peters JJL, Koole JL, Kenkhuis M, van den Brandt PA, Jansen RL, Kant I, Lima Passos V, Meijer K, Breukink SO, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Keulen E, Weijenberg MP. Longitudinal associations of light-intensity physical activity with quality of life, functioning and fatigue after colorectal cancer. Qual Life Res 2020; 29:2987-2998. [PMID: 32617891 PMCID: PMC7591443 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests that higher levels of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) are associated with better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. However, these associations have not been investigated in longitudinal studies that provide the opportunity to analyse how within-individual changes in LPA affect HRQoL. We investigated longitudinal associations of LPA with HRQoL outcomes in CRC survivors, from 6 weeks to 2 years post-treatment. Methods Data were used of a prospective cohort study among 325 stage I–III CRC survivors (67% men, mean age: 67 years), recruited between 2012 and 2016. Validated questionnaires were used to assess hours/week of LPA (SQUASH) and HRQoL outcomes (EORTC QLQ-C30, Checklist Individual Strength) at 6 weeks, and 6, 12 and 24 months post-treatment. We applied linear mixed regression to analyse longitudinal confounder-adjusted associations of LPA with HRQoL. Results We observed statistically significant longitudinal associations between more LPA and better global quality of life and physical, role and social functioning, and less fatigue over time. Intra-individual analysis showed that within-person increases in LPA (per 8 h/week) were related to improved HRQoL, including better global quality of life (β = 1.67, 95% CI 0.71; 2.63; total range scale: 0–100) and less fatigue (β = − 1.22, 95% CI − 2.37; − 0.07; scale: 20–140). Stratified analyses indicated stronger associations among participants below the median of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at diagnosis. Conclusion Higher levels of LPA were longitudinally associated with better HRQoL and less fatigue in CRC survivors up to two years post-treatment. Further prospective studies using accelerometer data are necessary to inform development of interventions targeting LPA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-020-02566-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Duchâteau
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L van Delden
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J J L Breedveld-Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J L Koole
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kenkhuis
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R L Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I Kant
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V Lima Passos
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Meijer
- Department of Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S O Breukink
- Department of Surgery, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - E Keulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Tabaczynski A, Courneya KS, Trinh L. Replacing sedentary time with physical activity and sleep: associations with quality of life in kidney cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:669-681. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Exercise and Physical Activity in Patients with Osteosarcoma and Survivors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:193-207. [PMID: 32483741 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has the potential to positively affect patients with osteosarcoma by improvement of function, mitigation of disability, and maintenance of independence and quality of life. Exercise may also directly impact cancer treatment efficacy. This chapter examines the feasibility and use of exercise or physical activity as therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma and its survivors. It additionally presents the benefits of physical activity as treatment and rehabilitation both preoperatively (prehabilitation) and postoperatively. This chapter will also discuss barriers to exercise and physical activity for patients with osteosarcoma and its survivors, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and cohesive support system to promote its incorporation into patient treatment plans and ensure compliance.
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The effect of whole body vibration on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2859-2870. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Survivorship issues in older breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:47-53. [PMID: 30506112 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Almost half of breast cancer survivors are aged ≥ 65 years and the proportion is likely to increase due to the aging of the population. The objectives of this article were to review studies of health outcomes among older breast cancer survivors ≥ 65 years to identify gaps in the published literature and offer suggestions for future research. METHODS The present review is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed and CINAHL and relevant search terms. Articles published in English from January 1, 1970 through October 1, 2018 were identified using the following MeSH search terms and Boolean algebra commands. RESULTS This review has revealed that older breast cancer survivors cope with health issues related to cancer treatment and the aging process, including comorbidities, osteoporosis, symptoms, physical functioning, cognitive functioning, nutrition, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to examine therapeutic interventions to address the health conditions older breast cancer survivors are coping with. Particular focus of further research should be on the nutritional status and physical activity levels of older breast cancer survivors. Individualized nutrition plans and tailored physical activity programs for older survivors are needed that meet people where they are and that form habits.
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Yang CH, Conroy DE. Feasibility of an Outdoor Mindful Walking Program for Reducing Negative Affect in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 27:1-10. [PMID: 29485332 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mindful walking has emerged as a potential intervention strategy to improve mental health and promote well-being in adult and clinical populations. This strategy has not been implemented specifically with older adults to date. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, sustainability, and preliminary efficacy of a mindful walking program for reducing negative affect in older adults. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 29) completed a 1-month, outdoor mindful walking program distributed across eight 30-min sessions. Responses from postprogram and follow-up questionnaires revealed that mindful walking was well-accepted, highly valued, and maintained after the program ended. Analysis from the pre- and postwalk surveys also suggested the preliminary efficacy of a mindful walking program for reducing negative affect. Positive results identified in the current feasibility study indicate readiness for randomized controlled trials to further examine the efficacy and effectiveness of a mindful walking intervention for promoting health and well-being in older populations.
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