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Prochazka A, Dostal O, Cejnar P, Mohamed HI, Pavelek Z, Valis M, Vysata O. Deep Learning for Accelerometric Data Assessment and Ataxic Gait Monitoring. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:360-367. [PMID: 33434133 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ataxic gait monitoring and assessment of neurological disorders belong to important multidisciplinary areas that are supported by digital signal processing methods and machine learning tools. This paper presents the possibility of using accelerometric data to optimise deep learning convolutional neural network systems to distinguish between ataxic and normal gait. The experimental dataset includes 860 signal segments of 16 ataxic patients and 19 individuals from the control set with the mean age of 38.6 and 39.6 years, respectively. The proposed methodology is based upon the analysis of frequency components of accelerometric signals simultaneously recorded at specific body positions with a sampling frequency of 60 Hz. The deep learning system uses all of the frequency components in a range of 〈0,30 〉 Hz. Our classification results are compared with those obtained by standard methods, which include the support vector machine, Bayesian methods, and the two-layer neural network with features estimated as the relative power in selected frequency bands. Our results show that the appropriate selection of sensor positions can increase the accuracy from 81.2% for the foot position to 91.7% for the spine position. Combining the input data and the deep learning methodology with five layers increased the accuracy to 95.8%. Our methodology suggests that artificial intelligence methods and deep learning are efficient methods in the assessment of motion disorders and they have a wide range of further applications.
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Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071941. [PMID: 32235669 PMCID: PMC7180765 DOI: 10.3390/s20071941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including: artificial neural networks, support vector machines, random forests, boosted trees, and logistic regression. The analysis conducted sought the combinations of independent variables for which the devised soft sensor is characterized with high accuracy and at a relatively low cost of determination. With the measurement results pertaining to the quantity and quality of wastewater as well as the temperature in the activated sludge chambers, a good fit can be achieved with the boosted trees method. In order to simplify the selection of an optimal method for the identification of activated sludge bulking depending on the model requirements and the data collected within the WWTP, an original system of weight estimation was proposed, enabling a reduction in the number of independent variables in a model—quantity and quality of wastewater, operational parameters, and the cost of conducting measurements.
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Charvátová H, Procházka A, Vyšata O. Motion Assessment for Accelerometric and Heart Rate Cycling Data Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1523. [PMID: 32164235 PMCID: PMC7085619 DOI: 10.3390/s20051523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motion analysis is an important topic in the monitoring of physical activities and recognition of neurological disorders. The present paper is devoted to motion assessment using accelerometers inside mobile phones located at selected body positions and the records of changes in the heart rate during cycling, under different body loads. Acquired data include 1293 signal segments recorded by the mobile phone and the Garmin device for uphill and downhill cycling. The proposed method is based upon digital processing of the heart rate and the mean power in different frequency bands of accelerometric data. The classification of the resulting features was performed by the support vector machine, Bayesian methods, k-nearest neighbor method, and neural networks. The proposed criterion is then used to find the best positions for the sensors with the highest discrimination abilities. The results suggest the sensors be positioned on the spine for the classification of uphill and downhill cycling, yielding an accuracy of 96.5% and a cross-validation error of 0.04 evaluated by a two-layer neural network system for features based on the mean power in the frequency bands 〈 3 , 8 〉 and 〈 8 , 15 〉 Hz. This paper shows the possibility of increasing this accuracy to 98.3% by the use of more features and the influence of appropriate sensor positioning for motion monitoring and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Charvátová
- Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Procházka
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Oldřich Vyšata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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Prochazka A, Charvatova H, Vaseghi S, Vysata O. Machine Learning in Rehabilitation Assessment for Thermal and Heart Rate Data Processing. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:1209-1214. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2831444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Multi-Class Sleep Stage Analysis and Adaptive
Pattern Recognition. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Permutation Entropy and Signal Energy Increase the Accuracy of Neuropathic Change Detection in Needle EMG. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 2018:5276161. [PMID: 29606959 PMCID: PMC5828439 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5276161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective. Needle electromyography can be used to detect the number of changes and morphological changes in motor unit potentials of patients with axonal neuropathy. General mathematical methods of pattern recognition and signal analysis were applied to recognize neuropathic changes. This study validates the possibility of extending and refining turns-amplitude analysis using permutation entropy and signal energy. Methods. In this study, we examined needle electromyography in 40 neuropathic individuals and 40 controls. The number of turns, amplitude between turns, signal energy, and “permutation entropy” were used as features for support vector machine classification. Results. The obtained results proved the superior classification performance of the combinations of all of the above-mentioned features compared to the combinations of fewer features. The lowest accuracy from the tested combinations of features had peak-ratio analysis. Conclusion. Using the combination of permutation entropy with signal energy, number of turns and mean amplitude in SVM classification can be used to refine the diagnosis of polyneuropathies examined by needle electromyography.
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Cycling Segments Multimodal Analysis and Classification Using Neural Networks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Microsoft Kinect Visual and Depth Sensors for Breathing and Heart Rate Analysis. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16070996. [PMID: 27367687 PMCID: PMC4970046 DOI: 10.3390/s16070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper is devoted to a new method of using Microsoft (MS) Kinect sensors for non-contact monitoring of breathing and heart rate estimation to detect possible medical and neurological disorders. Video sequences of facial features and thorax movements are recorded by MS Kinect image, depth and infrared sensors to enable their time analysis in selected regions of interest. The proposed methodology includes the use of computational methods and functional transforms for data selection, as well as their denoising, spectral analysis and visualization, in order to determine specific biomedical features. The results that were obtained verify the correspondence between the evaluation of the breathing frequency that was obtained from the image and infrared data of the mouth area and from the thorax movement that was recorded by the depth sensor. Spectral analysis of the time evolution of the mouth area video frames was also used for heart rate estimation. Results estimated from the image and infrared data of the mouth area were compared with those obtained by contact measurements by Garmin sensors (www.garmin.com). The study proves that simple image and depth sensors can be used to efficiently record biomedical multidimensional data with sufficient accuracy to detect selected biomedical features using specific methods of computational intelligence. The achieved accuracy for non-contact detection of breathing rate was 0.26% and the accuracy of heart rate estimation was 1.47% for the infrared sensor. The following results show how video frames with depth data can be used to differentiate different kinds of breathing. The proposed method enables us to obtain and analyse data for diagnostic purposes in the home environment or during physical activities, enabling efficient human–machine interaction.
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Robust and accurate feature selection for humanoid push recovery and classification: deep learning approach. Neural Comput Appl 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-015-2089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ťupa O, Procházka A, Vyšata O, Schätz M, Mareš J, Vališ M, Mařík V. Motion tracking and gait feature estimation for recognising Parkinson's disease using MS Kinect. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:97. [PMID: 26499251 PMCID: PMC4619468 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Analysis of gait features provides important information during the treatment of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease. It is also used to observe the effects of medication and rehabilitation. The methodology presented in this paper enables the detection of selected gait attributes by Microsoft (MS) Kinect image and depth sensors to track movements in three-dimensional space. Methods The experimental part of the paper is devoted to the study of three sets of individuals: 18 patients with Parkinson’s disease, 18 healthy aged-matched individuals, and 15 students. The methodological part of the paper includes the use of digital signal-processing methods for rejecting gross data-acquisition errors, segmenting video frames, and extracting gait features. The proposed algorithm describes methods for estimating the leg length, normalised average stride length (SL), and gait velocity (GV) of the individuals in the given sets using MS Kinect data. Results The main objective of this work involves the recognition of selected gait disorders in both the clinical and everyday settings. The results obtained include an evaluation of leg lengths, with a mean difference of 0.004 m in the complete set of 51 individuals studied, and of the gait features of patients with Parkinson’s disease (SL: 0.38 m, GV: 0.61 m/s) and an age-matched reference set (SL: 0.54 m, GV: 0.81 m/s). Combining both features allowed for the use of neural networks to classify and evaluate the selectivity, specificity, and accuracy. The achieved accuracy was 97.2 %, which suggests the potential use of MS Kinect image and depth sensors for these applications. Conclusions Discussion points include the possibility of using the MS Kinect sensors as inexpensive replacements for complex multi-camera systems and treadmill walking in gait-feature detection for the recognition of selected gait disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Ťupa
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Procházka
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Zikova 1903/4, 166 36, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Oldřich Vyšata
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Department of Neurology, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Schätz
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Vališ
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Mařík
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Zikova 1903/4, 166 36, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Yadollahi M, Procházka A, Kašparová M, Vyšata O, Mařík V. Separation of overlapping dental arch objects using digital records of illuminated plaster casts. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:67. [PMID: 26162755 PMCID: PMC4499221 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plaster casts of individual patients are important for orthodontic specialists during the treatment process and their analysis is still a standard diagnostical tool. But the growing capabilities of information technology enable their replacement by digital models obtained by complex scanning systems. Method This paper presents the possibility of using a digital camera as a simple instrument to obtain the set of digital images for analysis and evaluation of the treatment using appropriate mathematical tools of image processing. The methods studied in this paper include the segmentation of overlapping dental bodies and the use of different illumination sources to increase the reliability of the separation process. The circular Hough transform, region growing with multiple seed points, and the convex hull detection method are applied to the segmentation of orthodontic plaster cast images to identify dental arch objects and their sizes. Results The proposed algorithm presents the methodology of improving the accuracy of segmentation of dental arch components using combined illumination sources. Dental arch parameters and distances between the canines and premolars for different segmentation methods were used as a measure to compare the results obtained. Conclusion A new method of segmentation of overlapping dental arch components using digital records of illuminated plaster casts provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The distance between corresponding teeth was evaluated with a mean error of 1.38% and the Dice similarity coefficient of the evaluated dental bodies boundaries reached 0.9436 with a false positive rate \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$FPR=0.0381$$\end{document}FPR=0.0381 and false negative rate \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$FNR=0.0728$$\end{document}FNR=0.0728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Yadollahi
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Procházka
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Zikova 1903/4, 166 36, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Kašparová
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Department of Paediatric Stomatology, The Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Oldřich Vyšata
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Department of Neurology, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Mařík
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Zikova 1903/4, 166 36, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Azami H, Escudero J, Darzi A, Sanei S. Extracellular spike detection from multiple electrode array using novel intelligent filter and ensemble fuzzy decision making. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 239:129-38. [PMID: 25455341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The information obtained from signal recorded with extracellular electrodes is essential in many research fields with scientific and clinical applications. These signals are usually considered as a point process and a spike detection method is needed to estimate the time instants of action potentials. In order to do so, several steps are taken but they all depend on the results of the first step, which filters the signals. To alleviate the effect of noise, selecting the filter parameters is very time-consuming. In addition, spike detection algorithms are signal dependent and their performance varies significantly when the data change. NEW METHODS We propose two approaches to tackle the two problems above. We employ ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), which does not require parameter selection, and a novel approach to choose the filter parameters automatically. Then, to boost the efficiency of each of the existing methods, the Hilbert transform is employed as a pre-processing step. To tackle the second problem, two novel approaches, which use the fuzzy and probability theories to combine a number of spike detectors, are employed to achieve higher performance. RESULTS, COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) AND CONCLUSIONS The simulation results for realistic synthetic and real neuronal data reveal the improvement of the proposed spike detection techniques over state-of-the art approaches. We expect these improve subsequent steps like spike sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Azami
- Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Javier Escudero
- Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Ali Darzi
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Iran.
| | - Saeid Sanei
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK.
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