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Antonelli G, Filippi J, D'Orazio M, Curci G, Casti P, Mencattini A, Martinelli E. Integrating machine learning and biosensors in microfluidic devices: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116632. [PMID: 39116628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are increasingly widespread in the literature, being applied to numerous exciting applications, from chemical research to Point-of-Care devices, passing through drug development and clinical scenarios. Setting up these microenvironments, however, introduces the necessity of locally controlling the variables involved in the phenomena under investigation. For this reason, the literature has deeply explored the possibility of introducing sensing elements to investigate the physical quantities and the biochemical concentration inside microfluidic devices. Biosensors, particularly, are well known for their high accuracy, selectivity, and responsiveness. However, their signals could be challenging to interpret and must be carefully analysed to carry out the correct information. In addition, proper data analysis has been demonstrated even to increase biosensors' mentioned qualities. To this regard, machine learning algorithms are undoubtedly among the most suitable approaches to undertake this job, automatically learning from data and highlighting biosensor signals' characteristics at best. Interestingly, it was also demonstrated to benefit microfluidic devices themselves, in a new paradigm that the literature is starting to name "intelligent microfluidics", ideally closing this benefic interaction among these disciplines. This review aims to demonstrate the advantages of the triad paradigm microfluidics-biosensors-machine learning, which is still little used but has a great perspective. After briefly describing the single entities, the different sections will demonstrate the benefits of the dual interactions, highlighting the applications where the reviewed triad paradigm was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Antonelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Joanna Filippi
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele D'Orazio
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Curci
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Casti
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Xu C, Wu J, Zhang F, Freer J, Zhang Z, Cheng Y. A deep image classification model based on prior feature knowledge embedding and application in medical diagnosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13244. [PMID: 38853158 PMCID: PMC11163012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of image classification with insignificant morphological structural features, strong target correlation, and low signal-to-noise ratio, combined with prior feature knowledge embedding, a deep learning method based on ResNet and Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Network (RBPNN) is proposed model. Taking ResNet50 as a visual modeling network, it uses feature pyramid and self-attention mechanism to extract appearance and semantic features of images at multiple scales, and associate and enhance local and global features. Taking into account the diversity of category features, channel cosine similarity attention and dynamic C-means clustering algorithms are used to select representative sample features in different category of sample subsets to implicitly express prior category feature knowledge, and use them as the kernel centers of radial basis probability neurons (RBPN) to realize the embedding of diverse prior feature knowledge. In the RBPNN pattern aggregation layer, the outputs of RBPN are selectively summed according to the category of the kernel center, that is, the subcategory features are combined into category features, and finally the image classification is implemented based on Softmax. The functional module of the proposed method is designed specifically for image characteristics, which can highlight the significance of local and structural features of the image, form a non-convex decision-making area, and reduce the requirements for the completeness of the sample set. Applying the proposed method to medical image classification, experiments were conducted based on the brain tumor MRI image classification public dataset and the actual cardiac ultrasound image dataset, and the accuracy rate reached 85.82% and 83.92% respectively. Compared with the three mainstream image classification models, the performance indicators of this method have been significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiangxing Wu
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jonathan Freer
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhongqun Zhang
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yihua Cheng
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Dong H, Lin J, Tao Y, Jia Y, Sun L, Li WJ, Sun H. AI-enhanced biomedical micro/nanorobots in microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1419-1440. [PMID: 38174821 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human beings encompass sophisticated microcirculation and microenvironments, incorporating a broad spectrum of microfluidic systems that adopt fundamental roles in orchestrating physiological mechanisms. In vitro recapitulation of human microenvironments based on lab-on-a-chip technology represents a critical paradigm to better understand the intricate mechanisms. Moreover, the advent of micro/nanorobotics provides brand new perspectives and dynamic tools for elucidating the complex process in microfluidics. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) has endowed micro/nanorobots (MNRs) with unprecedented benefits, such as material synthesis, optimal design, fabrication, and swarm behavior. Using advanced AI algorithms, the motion control, environment perception, and swarm intelligence of MNRs in microfluidics are significantly enhanced. This emerging interdisciplinary research trend holds great potential to propel biomedical research to the forefront and make valuable contributions to human health. Herein, we initially introduce the AI algorithms integral to the development of MNRs. We briefly revisit the components, designs, and fabrication techniques adopted by robots in microfluidics with an emphasis on the application of AI. Then, we review the latest research pertinent to AI-enhanced MNRs, focusing on their motion control, sensing abilities, and intricate collective behavior in microfluidics. Furthermore, we spotlight biomedical domains that are already witnessing or will undergo game-changing evolution based on AI-enhanced MNRs. Finally, we identify the current challenges that hinder the practical use of the pioneering interdisciplinary technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawen Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yihui Tao
- Department of Automation Control and System Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yuan Jia
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lining Sun
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Research Center of Aerospace Mechanism and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Kim S, Lee J, Ko J, Park S, Lee SR, Kim Y, Lee T, Choi S, Kim J, Kim W, Chung Y, Kwon OH, Jeon NL. Angio-Net: deep learning-based label-free detection and morphometric analysis of in vitro angiogenesis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:751-763. [PMID: 38193617 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology and the acquisition of extensive data, there is an ongoing need for more effective and dependable data analysis methods. These concerns arise from the continued reliance on manual quantification techniques. In this study, we introduce a microphysiological system (MPS) that seamlessly integrates 3D cell culture to acquire large-scale imaging data and employs deep learning-based virtual staining for quantitative angiogenesis analysis. We utilize a standardized microfluidic device to obtain comprehensive angiogenesis data. Introducing Angio-Net, a novel solution that replaces conventional immunocytochemistry, we convert brightfield images into label-free virtual fluorescence images through the fusion of SegNet and cGAN. Moreover, we develop a tool capable of extracting morphological blood vessel features and automating their measurement, facilitating precise quantitative analysis. This integrated system proves to be invaluable for evaluating drug efficacy, including the assessment of anticancer drugs on targets such as the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, its unique ability to enable live cell imaging without the need for cell fixation promises to broaden the horizons of pharmaceutical and biological research. Our study pioneers a powerful approach to high-throughput angiogenesis analysis, marking a significant advancement in MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungseub Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyuk Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngtaek Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeseung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunbeen Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonbae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoojin Chung
- Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Heum Kwon
- Department of IT convergence and Applications Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Dai M, Xiao G, Shao M, Zhang YS. The Synergy between Deep Learning and Organs-on-Chips for High-Throughput Drug Screening: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:389. [PMID: 36979601 PMCID: PMC10046732 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are miniature microfluidic systems that have arguably become a class of advanced in vitro models. Deep learning, as an emerging topic in machine learning, has the ability to extract a hidden statistical relationship from the input data. Recently, these two areas have become integrated to achieve synergy for accelerating drug screening. This review provides a brief description of the basic concepts of deep learning used in OoCs and exemplifies the successful use cases for different types of OoCs. These microfluidic chips are of potential to be assembled as highly potent human-on-chips with complex physiological or pathological functions. Finally, we discuss the future supply with perspectives and potential challenges in terms of combining OoCs and deep learning for image processing and automation designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Dai
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Computing and Intelligence Department, Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Gao Xiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Computer and Information Science, College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Yang Z, Liu X, Cribbin EM, Kim AM, Li JJ, Yong KT. Liver-on-a-chip: Considerations, advances, and beyond. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:061502. [PMID: 36389273 PMCID: PMC9646254 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body with largest mass of glandular tissue. Modeling the liver has been challenging due to its variety of major functions, including processing nutrients and vitamins, detoxification, and regulating body metabolism. The intrinsic shortfalls of conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods for studying pharmacokinetics in parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) have contributed to suboptimal outcomes in clinical trials and drug development. This prompts the development of highly automated, biomimetic liver-on-a-chip (LOC) devices to simulate native liver structure and function, with the aid of recent progress in microfluidics. LOC offers a cost-effective and accurate model for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity studies. This review provides a critical update on recent developments in designing LOCs and fabrication strategies. We highlight biomimetic design approaches for LOCs, including mimicking liver structure and function, and their diverse applications in areas such as drug screening, toxicity assessment, and real-time biosensing. We capture the newest ideas in the field to advance the field of LOCs and address current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise M. Cribbin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Alice M. Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Massafra R, Comes MC, Bove S, Didonna V, Gatta G, Giotta F, Fanizzi A, La Forgia D, Latorre A, Pastena MI, Pomarico D, Rinaldi L, Tamborra P, Zito A, Lorusso V, Paradiso AV. Robustness Evaluation of a Deep Learning Model on Sagittal and Axial Breast DCE-MRIs to Predict Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060953. [PMID: 35743737 PMCID: PMC9225219 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, some artificial intelligence (AI) methods have exploited Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) to identify finer tumor properties as potential earlier indicators of pathological Complete Response (pCR) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, they work either for sagittal or axial MRI protocols. More flexible AI tools, to be used easily in clinical practice across various institutions in accordance with its own imaging acquisition protocol, are required. Here, we addressed this topic by developing an AI method based on deep learning in giving an early prediction of pCR at various DCE-MRI protocols (axial and sagittal). Sagittal DCE-MRIs refer to 151 patients (42 pCR; 109 non-pCR) from the public I-SPY1 TRIAL database (DB); axial DCE-MRIs are related to 74 patients (22 pCR; 52 non-pCR) from a private DB provided by Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” in Bari (Italy). By merging the features extracted from baseline MRIs with some pre-treatment clinical variables, accuracies of 84.4% and 77.3% and AUC values of 80.3% and 78.0% were achieved on the independent tests related to the public DB and the private DB, respectively. Overall, the presented method has shown to be robust regardless of the specific MRI protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Massafra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Maria Colomba Comes
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Samantha Bove
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Vittorio Didonna
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Gianluca Gatta
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia Medica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.)
| | - Annarita Fanizzi
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Daniele La Forgia
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Radiologia Senologica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Agnese Latorre
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria Irene Pastena
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Domenico Pomarico
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Lucia Rinaldi
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Tamborra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Fisica Sanitaria, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.B.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Alfredo Zito
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia Medica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.)
| | - Angelo Virgilio Paradiso
- Oncologia Sperimentale e Biobanca, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Breast Histopathological Image Classification Method Based on Autoencoder and Siamese Framework. INFORMATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/info13030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The automated classification of breast cancer histopathological images is one of the important tasks in computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADs). Due to the characteristics of small inter-class and large intra-class variances in breast cancer histopathological images, extracting features for breast cancer classification is difficult. To address this problem, an improved autoencoder (AE) network using a Siamese framework that can learn the effective features from histopathological images for CAD breast cancer classification tasks was designed. First, the inputted image is processed at multiple scales using a Gaussian pyramid to obtain multi-scale features. Second, in the feature extraction stage, a Siamese framework is used to constrain the pre-trained AE so that the extracted features have smaller intra-class variance and larger inter-class variance. Experimental results show that the proposed method classification accuracy was as high as 97.8% on the BreakHis dataset. Compared with commonly used algorithms in breast cancer histopathological classification, this method has superior, faster performance.
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Cui M, Wiraja C, Zheng M, Singh G, Yong K, Xu C. Recent Progress in Skin‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Continental‐NTU Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 00000 China
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The Biophotonics and MechanoBioengineering Lab The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ken‐Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The Biophotonics and MechanoBioengineering Lab The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 00000 China
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10
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Mattei F, Andreone S, Mencattini A, De Ninno A, Businaro L, Martinelli E, Schiavoni G. Oncoimmunology Meets Organs-on-Chip. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:627454. [PMID: 33842539 PMCID: PMC8032996 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.627454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncoimmunology represents a biomedical research discipline coined to study the roles of immune system in cancer progression with the aim of discovering novel strategies to arm it against the malignancy. Infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment is an early event that results in the establishment of a dynamic cross-talk. Here, immune cells sense antigenic cues to mount a specific anti-tumor response while cancer cells emanate inhibitory signals to dampen it. Animals models have led to giant steps in this research context, and several tools to investigate the effect of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment are currently available. However, the use of animals represents a challenge due to ethical issues and long duration of experiments. Organs-on-chip are innovative tools not only to study how cells derived from different organs interact with each other, but also to investigate on the crosstalk between immune cells and different types of cancer cells. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art of microfluidics and the impact of OOC in the field of oncoimmunology underlining the importance of this system in the advancements on the complexity of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele De Ninno
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Businaro
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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