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Wei Y, Lv D. Correlation of N-Ras Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Color Doppler Ultrasound Findings. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to study the N-ras gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with color Doppler imaging manifestations. Methods: The tumors of 145 HCC patients were evaluated via color Doppler ultrasonography before operation and
N-ras level in tissue specimens obtained after operation were detected via RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry along with correlation analysis. Results: N-ras mRNA in para-carcinoma tissues was significantly reduced compared with carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05).
Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed a significant difference of N-ras protein level between para-carcinoma tissues and carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, N-ras gene expression was siginificantly correlated with the number of tumor nodules, the integrity of tumor
capsule, vascular invasion, blood flow classification, RI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the elevation of N-ras in the carcinoma tissues of HCC patients and its correlation with color Doppler imaging manifestations, which lays foundation for the development of
the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Wei
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hefei First People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Donglai Lv
- Department of Oncology, 901 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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2
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Maeda T, Kayashima H, Imai D, Takeishi K, Harada N, Tsujita E, Matsuyama A, Tsutsui S, Matsuda H. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis. Surg Case Rep 2017; 3:12. [PMID: 28074442 PMCID: PMC5225379 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-017-0288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated carcinoma (UC) of the liver is extremely rare, and its clinicopathological characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Case presentation The present study reports the case of a 56-year-old male with UC of the liver. At 16 days post-admission, the patient suddenly succumbed due to intra-abdominal bleeding resulting from a ruptured liver. Macroscopic examination revealed that the hepatic parenchyma was almost completely replaced by innumerable minute nodules. Microscopically, the tumor demonstrated a diffuse proliferation of anaplastic cells that were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and neuron-specific enolase, suggesting neuroendocrine differentiation. Grimelius and Fontana-Masson staining were negative. Neuroendocrine markers were also negative, including chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and S-100 protein. Cytokeratin markers and mesenchymal markers were all negative. Tumor markers, such as α-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, were also negative. Conclusions Although larger studies involving more patients are required to establish a therapeutic strategy, appropriate chemotherapy following an early diagnosis may be important to UC of the liver because the tumor behaves in an aggressive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Kayashima
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Daisuke Imai
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsujita
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
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3
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Lo AA, Lo EC, Li H, Zhang W, Liao J, Rao MS, Miller F, Yang GY. Unique morphologic and clinical features of liver predominant/primary small cell carcinoma--autopsy and biopsy case series. Ann Diagn Pathol 2014; 18:151-6. [PMID: 24667053 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver predominant small cell carcinoma is rare but often presents as hyperacute liver failure with unknown primary and is a medical emergency. We present 2 autopsy and 7 biopsy cases of liver predominant small cell carcinoma and demonstrate that these patients present with liver failure and identifiable hepatomegaly but lack discrete lesions on imaging as well as no mass lesions identified in other organs including lung. Compared with the multiple nodules of metastatic small cell carcinoma in the liver, unique morphologic feature of liver predominant/primary small cell carcinoma in autopsy and biopsy specimens was a diffuse infiltration of small blue neoplastic cells predominantly in the sinusoidal space in the liver parenchyma. Before diagnosing liver predominant/primary small cell carcinoma, other infiltrating small blue cell neoplasms including lymphoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor need to be ruled out through immunohistochemistry. We, therefore, demonstrate that liver biopsy together with a rapid panel of immunostains is necessary to firmly establish a diagnosis of liver predominant small cell carcinoma and allow clinicians to immediately implement potentially lifesaving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Lo
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Edward C Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - M Sambasivia Rao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Frank Miller
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60601
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
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4
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Otten M, Sepehrkhouy S, van Everdingen K, Haas L. Primary small cell carcinoma of the liver, a rare entity. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-201990. [PMID: 24194168 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Otten
- Department of Intensive Care, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Kukar M, Groman A, Malhotra U, Warren GW, Bogner P, Nwogu CE, Demmy TL, Yendamuri S. Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A SEER Database Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:4239-44. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Walshauser MA, Ishii K, Murugappan K, Masoom S, Yong S, Bhoopalam N. α-fetoprotein secreting extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma of the liver. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:e152-4. [PMID: 23401444 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.44.7771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Value of thyroid transcription factor-1 immunostaining in tumor diagnosis: a review and update. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 20:429-44. [PMID: 22531688 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31825439bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a tissue-specific transcription factor that plays a critical role in the normal development of embryonic epithelial cells of the thyroid and lung. Because TTF-1 expression is highly restricted to epithelial tumors arising in these organs, it is, at present, one of the immunohistochemical markers most commonly used to assist in the differential diagnosis of carcinomas of the lung and thyroid. Recent studies, however, have reported that TTF-1 is not as specific for lung and thyroid carcinomas as was previously thought as it can be found to be expressed, although much less frequently, in some carcinomas arising in other organs, such as the ovaries, endometrium, colon, and breast, as well as in some tumors of the central nervous system. Even though this unexpected TTF-1 positivity has been reported more frequently with the recently available SPT24 anti-TTF-1 monoclonal antibody, it has also been shown to occur with the commonly used 8G7G3/1 clone, albeit in a lower percentage of cases. Despite these findings, TTF-1 remains a very useful immunohistochemical marker in diagnostic pathology.
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Kaman L, Iqbal J, Pall M, Bal A. Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of Liver: A Rare Tumor. Gastroenterology Res 2010; 3:180-184. [PMID: 27942302 PMCID: PMC5139740 DOI: 10.4021/gr2010.06.215w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary small cell carcinoma of the liver is very rare tumor. Till date only 12 cases have been reported in the English literature. We are reporting a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the liver in a female patient. She had 13 cm x 7 cm tumor in the right lobe of liver and fine needle aspiration cytology revealed features of small cell carcinoma. After ruling primary from elsewhere, patient underwent central bisectionectomy of the liver and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of primary small cell carcinoma of the liver. On immunohistochemistry examination, the tumor was positive for Neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin but negative for Thyroid transcription factor 1 and Hep-Par 1. Here we discuss the clinical course and treatment of primary small cell carcinoma of the liver in our case and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lileswar Kaman
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Javid Iqbal
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Mahander Pall
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
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9
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A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the liver that was treated with chemotherapy. Hepatol Int 2009; 2:500-4. [PMID: 19669327 PMCID: PMC2716902 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-008-9090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary small cell carcinoma (SSC) of the liver is very rare in Japan and only ten cases have been reported worldwide. We report herein the case of a 77-year-old man with primary SCC of the liver. He had a tumor over 10 cm in diameter which was localized in the right lobe of the liver and had invaded the right diaphragm. In laboratory tests, high serum levels of lactate dehydrase and neuron-specific enolase were observed. A biopsy specimen showed that the tumor cells were similar in cytology to a pulmonary SCC. The patient was first treated with carboplatin and etoposide according to the therapy protocol for pulmonary SCC and then with a regimen using etoposid and cisplatinum, resulting in an unfavorable outcome. We discuss the clinical course and therapy of extra-pulmonary SCC and review the literature of the cases previously reported.
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10
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Effective monotherapy with amrubicin for a refractory extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma of the liver. Case Rep Med 2009; 2009:538081. [PMID: 19718248 PMCID: PMC2729275 DOI: 10.1155/2009/538081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell carcinoma of the liver is a rare neoplasm, and no standard treatment for it has yet been established. A 72-year-old man with an extensive disease stage of small-cell carcinoma of the liver was treated with systemic chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide (PE) followed by irinotecan. Although the masses were markedly decreased once after the sixth course of PE, amrubicin monotherapy as third-line chemotherapy was started because the hepatic masses had increased again. The administration of amrubicin was repeated in 8 courses with regression of the disease, resulting in a 26-month survival since the first-line chemotherapy was started. This is the first case report of a refractory EPSCC successfully treated with amrubicin.
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11
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Choi SJ, Kim JM, Han JY, Ahn SI, Kim JS, Kim L, Park IS, Chu YC. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the liver: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Yonsei Med J 2007; 48:1066-71. [PMID: 18159605 PMCID: PMC2628196 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.6.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the liver have rarely been described in medical literature. Knowledge of clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical properties remains limited. We described an 82-year-old female patient with primary small cell carcinoma of the liver. Histologically, the tumor showed typical morphology of a pulmonary small cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor revealed neuroendocrine differentiation; positive reaction for chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, and neuron specific enolase. The tumor was also positive for TTF-1 and c-kit but completely negative for hepatocyte, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 7; 19; and 20. Herein, we discussed the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the liver and reviewed the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Ik Ahn
- Department of General Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Hematooncology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - In Suh Park
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Chae Chu
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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12
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Yun JP, Zhang MF, Hou JH, Tian QH, Fu J, Liang XM, Wu QL, Rong TH. Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 21 cases. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:38. [PMID: 17335582 PMCID: PMC1829164 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus is a rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. In this study, we report the clinicopathological characteristics of 21 cases of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus treated at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, with particular focus on the histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Methods Twenty-one patient records were reviewed including presenting symptoms, demographics, disease stage, treatment, and follow-up. Histologic features were observed and immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), neuronal cell adhesion molecules (CD56), thyroid transcriptional factor-1 (TTF-1) and S100 protein (S100) was performed. Results The median age of patients in the study was 56 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.2:1. Histologically, there were 19 "homogenous" SCC esophageal samples and 2 samples comprised of SCC and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The percentages of SCC samples with positive immunoreactivity were Syn 95.2%, CD56 76.2%, TTF-1 71.4%, NSE 61.9%, CgA 61.9%, CK 57.1%, EMA 61.9%, and S100 19.0%, respectively. The median patient survival time was 18.3 months after diagnosis. The 2-year survival rate was 28.6%. Conclusion Our study suggests that esophageal SCC has similar histology to SCC that arises in the lung compartment, and Chinese patients have a poor prognosis. Higher proportion of positive labeling of Syn, CD56, CgA, NSE, and TTF-1 in esophageal SCC implicate that they are valuably applied in differential diagnosis of the malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Man Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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