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Garella R, Bernacchioni C, Chellini F, Tani A, Palmieri F, Parigi M, Guasti D, Cassioli E, Castellini G, Ricca V, Bani D, Sassoli C, Donati C, Squecco R. Adiponectin Modulates Smooth Muscle Cell Morpho-Functional Properties in Murine Gastric Fundus via Sphingosine Kinase 2 Activation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1812. [PMID: 37763216 PMCID: PMC10532860 DOI: 10.3390/life13091812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are peptide hormones produced by the adipose tissue involved in several biological functions. Among adipokines, adiponectin (ADPN) has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. It can also modulate food intake at central and peripheral levels, acting on hypothalamus and facilitating gastric relaxation. ADPN exerts its action interacting with two distinct membrane receptors and triggering some well-defined signaling cascades. The ceramidase activity of ADPN receptor has been reported in many tissues: it converts ceramide into sphingosine. In turn, sphingosine kinase (SK) phosphorylates it into sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), a crucial mediator of many cellular processes including contractility. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combined biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological investigations, we explored for the first time the possible role of S1P metabolism in mediating ADPN effects on the murine gastric fundus muscle layer. By using a specific pharmacological inhibitor of SK2, we showed that ADPN affects smooth muscle cell membrane properties and contractile machinery via SK2 activation in gastric fundus, adding a piece of knowledge to the action mechanisms of this hormone. These findings help to identify ADPN and its receptors as new therapeutic targets or as possible prognostic markers for diseases with altered energy balance and for pathologies with fat mass content alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Martina Parigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.S.)
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Advances in Recellularization of Decellularized Liver Grafts with Different Liver (Stem) Cells: Towards Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020301. [PMID: 36672236 PMCID: PMC9856398 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the only curative therapy for patients with acute or chronic liver failure. However, a dramatic gap between the number of available liver grafts and the number of patients on the transplantation waiting list emphasizes the need for valid liver substitutes. Whole-organ engineering is an emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It aims to generate transplantable and functional organs to support patients on transplantation waiting lists until a graft becomes available. It comprises two base technologies developed in the last decade; (1) organ decellularization to generate a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix scaffold of an organ, and (2) scaffold recellularization to repopulate both the parenchymal and vascular compartments of a decellularized organ. In this review article, recent advancements in both technologies, in relation to liver whole-organ engineering, are presented. We address the potential sources of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells for repopulation studies, and the role of stem-cell-derived liver progeny is discussed. In addition, different cell seeding strategies, possible graft modifications, and methods used to evaluate the functionality of recellularized liver grafts are outlined. Based on the knowledge gathered from recent transplantation studies, future directions are summarized.
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Barahman M, Asp P, Roy-Chowdhury N, Kinkhabwala M, Roy-Chowdhury J, Kabarriti R, Guha C. Hepatocyte Transplantation: Quo Vadis? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:922-934. [PMID: 30503786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been effective in managing end-stage liver disease since the advent of cyclosporine immunosuppression therapy in 1980. The major limitations of OLT are organ supply, monetary cost, and the burden of lifelong immunosuppression. Hepatocyte transplantation, as a substitute for OLT, has been an exciting topic of investigation for several decades. HT is potentially minimally invasive and can serve as a vehicle for delivery of personalized medicine through autologous cell transplant after modification ex vivo. However, 3 major hurdles have prevented large-scale clinical application: (1) availability of transplantable cells; (2) safe and efficient ex vivo gene therapy methods; and (3) engraftment and repopulation efficiency. This review will discuss new sources for transplantable liver cells obtained by lineage reprogramming, clinically acceptable methods of genetic manipulation, and the development of hepatic irradiation-based preparative regimens for enhancing engraftment and repopulation of transplanted hepatocytes. We will also review the results of the first 3 patients with genetic liver disorders who underwent preparative hepatic irradiation before hepatocyte transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barahman
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Patrik Asp
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Namita Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Milan Kinkhabwala
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Genetics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rafi Kabarriti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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Wang M, Yang X, Zhang P, Cai L, Yang X, Chen Y, Jing Y, Kong J, Yang X, Sun FL. Sustained Delivery Growth Factors with Polyethyleneimine-Modified Nanoparticles Promote Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation and Liver Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500393. [PMID: 27818907 PMCID: PMC5071678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-derived hepatocyte transplantation is considered as a potential method for the therapy of acute and chronic liver failure. However, the low efficiency of differentiation into mature and functional hepatocytes remains a major challenge for clinical applications. By using polyethyleneimine-modified silica nanoparticles, this study develops a system for sustained delivery of growth factors, leading to induce hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps) from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and improve the expression of endoderm and hepatocyte-specific genes and proteins significantly, thus producing a higher population of functional hepatocytes in vitro. When transplanted into liver-injured mice after four weeks, mESC-derived definitive endoderm cells treated with this delivery system show higher integration efficiency into the host liver, differentiated into iHeps in vivo and significantly restored the injured liver. Therefore, these findings reveal the multiple advantages of functionalized nanoparticles to serve as efficient delivery platforms to promote stem cell differentiation in the regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200120/200092 P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200120/200092 P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cai
- Bio-X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No. 13dz2260500) Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Xibin Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200120/200092 P.R. China
| | - Youwei Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200120/200092 P.R. China
| | - Yuanya Jing
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200120/200092 P.R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P.R. China
| | - Fang-Lin Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200120/200092 P.R. China
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Zhang M, Sun P, Wang Y, Chen J, Lv L, Wei W, Jin C, Li W. Generation of Self-Renewing Hepatoblasts From Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Chemical Approaches. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1275-82. [PMID: 26371343 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Somatic stem cells play crucial roles in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis and regeneration and may ultimately prove useful for cell therapy for a variety of degenerative diseases and injuries; however, isolation and expansion of most types of somatic stem cells from tissues are technically challenging. Human pluripotent stem cells are a renewable source for any adult cell types, including somatic stem cells. Generation of somatic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells is a promising strategy to get these therapeutically valuable cells. Previously, we developed a chemically defined condition for mouse hepatoblast self-renewal through a reiterative screening strategy. In the present study, we efficiently generated hepatoblasts from human embryonic stem cells by a stepwise induction strategy. Importantly, these human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatoblasts can be captured and stably maintained using conditions previously established for mouse hepatoblast self-renewal, which includes basal media supplemented with insulin, transferrin, sodium selenite, epidermal growth factor, glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, transforming growth factor β receptor inhibitor, lysophosphatidic acid, and sphingosine 1-phosphate. The cells can stably retain hepatoblast phenotypes during prolonged culture and can differentiate into mature hepatocytes through in vitro provision of hepatocyte lineage developmental cues. After being embedded into three-dimensional Matrigel, these cells efficiently formed bile duct-like structures resembling native bile duct tissues. These human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatoblasts would be useful as a renewable source for cell therapy of liver diseases. SIGNIFICANCE Somatic stem cells have been proposed as promising candidates for cell-based therapy; however, isolation of somatic stem cells from adult tissues is usually invasive and technically challenging. In the present study, hepatoblasts from human embryonic stem cells were efficiently generated. These human hepatoblasts were then stably captured and maintained by a growth factor and small molecule cocktail, which included epidermal growth factor, glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, transforming growth factor β receptor inhibitor, lysophosphatidic acid, and sphingosine 1-phosphate. These human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatoblasts would be useful as a renewable source for cell therapy of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingxin Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanguo Wei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nakamura Y, Mizuguchi T, Tanimizu N, Ichinohe N, Ooe H, Kawamoto M, Meguro M, Hirata K, Mitaka T. Preoperative hepatocyte transplantation improves the survival of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis after partial hepatectomy. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:1243-54. [PMID: 25330059 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x668645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver failure after liver resection for cirrhosis is a critical problem, and no effective therapy except liver transplantation is currently available. The objective of this study was to examine whether hepatocyte transplantation (HT) reduces the poststandard liver resection mortality rate of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with NASH-related cirrhosis has become increasingly common. We developed a rat model of acute liver failure after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) for NASH-related cirrhosis. The mechanism by which HT improved the survival of the model rats was examined in short- and long-term investigations. Female DPPIV(-) recipient F344 rats were fed the choline-deficient l-amino acid (CDAA)-defined diet for 12 weeks. Some of the rats were transplanted with male F344 DPPIV(+) rat hepatocytes 24 h before undergoing PH. The overall post-PH survival of each group was evaluated, and short- and long-term pathological and molecular biological evaluations were also performed. Overall survival was significantly longer in the HT group than the non-HT group (7-day survival rates: 46.7% and 7.7%, respectively). Compared with the recipient livers of the non-HT group, numerous Ki-67(+) hepatocytes and few TUNEL(+) hepatocytes were observed in the livers of the HT group. At 6 months after the HT, the DPPIV(+) hepatocytes had partially replaced the recipient liver and formed hepatocyte clusters in the spleen. Preoperative HT might improve the survival of rats with NASH-related cirrhosis after PH by preventing the host hepatocytes from accelerating their growth and falling into apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Nakamura
- Department of Surgery I, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated hepatocyte targeting — Strategies and applications. J Control Release 2015; 203:126-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Takebe T, Koike N, Sekine K, Fujiwara R, Amiya T, Zheng YW, Taniguchi H. Engineering of human hepatic tissue with functional vascular networks. Organogenesis 2014; 10:260-7. [PMID: 24451152 DOI: 10.4161/org.27590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although absolute organ shortage highlights the needs of alternative organ sources for regenerative medicine, the generation of a three-dimensional (3D) and complex vital organ, such as well-vascularized liver, remains a challenge. To this end, tissue engineering holds great promise; however, this approach is significantly limited by the failure of early vascularization in vivo after implantation. Here, we established a stable 3D in vitro pre-vascularization platform to generate human hepatic tissue after implantation in vivo. Human fetal liver cells (hFLCs) were mixed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and were implanted into a collagen/fibronectin matrix composite that was used as a 3-D carrier. After a couple of days, the fluorescent HUVECs developed premature vascular networks in vitro, which were stabilized by hMSCs. The establishment of functional vessels inside the pre-vascularized constructs was proven using dextran infusion studies after implantation under a transparency cranial window. Furthermore, dynamic morphological changes during embryonic liver cell maturation were intravitaly quantified with high-resolution confocal microscope analysis. The engineered human hepatic tissue demonstrated multiple liver-specific features, both structural and functional. Our new techniques discussed here can be implemented in future clinical uses and industrial uses, such as drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center; Yokohama City University; Yokohama, Japan; PRESTO; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Naoto Koike
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan; Department of Surgery; Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital; Sakura, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujiwara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeru Amiya
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center; Yokohama City University; Yokohama, Japan
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Wierstra I. The transcription factor FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1): proliferation-specific expression, transcription factor function, target genes, mouse models, and normal biological roles. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:97-398. [PMID: 23768511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor, which stimulates cell proliferation and exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern. Accordingly, both the expression and the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 are increased by proliferation signals, but decreased by antiproliferation signals, including the positive and negative regulation by protooncoproteins or tumor suppressors, respectively. FOXM1 stimulates cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Moreover, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. Accordingly, FOXM1 regulates the expression of genes, whose products control G1/S-transition, S-phase progression, G2/M-transition, and M-phase progression. Additionally, FOXM1 target genes encode proteins with functions in the execution of DNA replication and mitosis. FOXM1 is a transcriptional activator with a forkhead domain as DNA binding domain and with a very strong acidic transactivation domain. However, wild-type FOXM1 is (almost) inactive because the transactivation domain is repressed by three inhibitory domains. Inactive FOXM1 can be converted into a very potent transactivator by activating signals, which release the transactivation domain from its inhibition by the inhibitory domains. FOXM1 is essential for embryonic development and the foxm1 knockout is embryonically lethal. In adults, FOXM1 is important for tissue repair after injury. FOXM1 prevents premature senescence and interferes with contact inhibition. FOXM1 plays a role for maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and for self-renewal capacity of stem cells. The functions of FOXM1 in prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy and in homologous recombination repair of DNA-double-strand breaks suggest an importance of FOXM1 for the maintenance of genomic stability and chromosomal integrity.
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Ehnert S, Seeliger C, Vester H, Schmitt A, Saidy-Rad S, Lin J, Neumaier M, Gillen S, Kleeff J, Friess H, Burkhart J, Stöckle U, Nüssler AK. Autologous serum improves yield and metabolic capacity of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells: possible implication for cell transplantation. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1465-77. [PMID: 21294943 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x550224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-transplantation is a therapeutic approach for diverse acute and chronic liver diseases. As availability of primary cells is limited, there is an increasing demand for hepatocyte-like cells (e.g., neohepatocytes generated from peripheral blood monocytes). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of six different human AB sera, fetal calf serum, or autologous serum on production of neohepatocytes. The yield and quality of neohepatocytes varied considerably depending on the different sera. Using autologous sera for the whole production process we constantly generated the highest amount of cells with the highest metabolic activity for phase I (e.g., CYP1A1/2, CYP3A4) and phase II enzymes (e.g., glutathione-S-transferase). Moreover, similar effects were seen examining glucose and urea metabolism. Especially, glucose-6-phosphatase and PAS staining showed distinct serum-dependent differences. The role of macrophage activation was investigated by measuring the secretion of TNF-α, TGF-β, and RANKL, MMP activity, as well as mRNA levels of different interleukins in programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO). Our data clearly demonstrate that the use of autologous serum reduced initial macrophage activation in PCMOs and subsequently improved both yield and function of differentiated neohepatocytes. The autologous approach presented here might also be useful in other stem cell preparation processes where cell activation during generation shall be kept to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Transplantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells (NeoHeps) improves survival in a model of acute liver failure. Ann Surg 2009; 249:149-54. [PMID: 19106691 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31818a1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of the efficacy of implantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells (NeoHeps) in acute liver failure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Extended liver resection or split liver transplantation is still associated with high morbidity and mortality because of postoperative liver insufficiency. In view of liver support systems, implantation of isolated hepatocytes or hepatocyte-like cells such as NeoHeps is increasingly under discussion. METHODS Twenty-four hours before subtotal hepatectomy, cells of different origin [A: human mononuclear cells (24 x 10(6)); B: NeoHeps (16 x 10(6)); C: NeoHeps (24 x 10(6)); D: rat hepatocytes (24 x 10(6))] were injected into the spleen of Wistar rats. After an observation period of 5 days, animal survival, postoperative weight, and signs of encephalopathy were recorded. At the end of the observation period, blood was collected for laboratory analysis. RESULTS Transplantation of both rat hepatocytes and NeoHeps significantly improved animal survival when compared with control animals (group A: 21%), reaching 72% in group D (P = 0.001), 50% in group C (P = 0.04), and 36% in group B (P = 0.22). Moreover, animals in these groups postoperatively experienced less frequently signs of encephalopathy, as well as earlier weight increase when compared with group A. DISCUSSION Hepatocyte transplantation is a practicable and successful treatment option in case of liver insufficiency because implantation of NeoHeps or primary rat hepatocytes had an improving effect on survival. The promising data of the present study warrants further analysis to elucidate the role of NeoHeps in treatment of acute postoperative liver failure to a greater extent.
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Wu Y, Shatapathy CC, Minger SL. Isolation, in vitro cultivation and characterisation of foetal liver cells. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 481:181-192. [PMID: 19096801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-201-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation has recently become an efficient clinical method in the treatment of patients with metabolic liver diseases. The shortage of donor cells remains an obstacle to treat more patients. Foetal liver tissues may therefore be useful as an alternative source of generating functional hepatocytes after in vitro culture and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases King's College London, London, UK
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Sasaki K, Kon J, Mizuguchi T, Chen Q, Ooe H, Oshima H, Hirata K, Mitaka T. Proliferation of Hepatocyte Progenitor Cells Isolated from Adult Human Livers in Serum-Free Medium. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:1221-30. [DOI: 10.3727/096368908787236666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat small hepatocytes (SHs) are committed progenitor cells that can differentiate into mature hepatocytes and can selectively proliferate in serum-free medium when they are cultured on hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated dishes. In this study we examined the separation of human SHs from adult human livers. We obtained liver tissues from the resected liver of 16 patients who underwent hepatic resections. Extracted liver specimens were clearly separate from the tumor regions with sufficient margins. Hepatic cells were isolated using the modified method of two-step collagenase perfusion. A low-speed centrifugation was performed and cells in the supernatant were finally cultured on HA-coated dishes in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium including nicotinamide, EGF, and HGF. Small-sized hepatocytes selectively proliferated to form colonies and many colonies continued growing for more than 3 weeks. The average number of cells in a colony was 38.6 ± 18.0, 79.0 ± 54.0, and 101.5 ± 115.7 at day 7, 14, and 21, respectively. About 0.04% of plated cells could form an SH colony. Immunocytochemistry showed that the cells forming a colony were positive for albumin, transferrin, keratin 8, and CD44. The results of RT-PCR showed that colony-forming cells expressed albumin, transferrin, α1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, glutamine synthetase, many cytochrome P450s, and liver-enriched transcription factors (HNF3α, HNF4α, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ). Furthermore, the cells expressed not only the genes of hepatic differentiated functions but also those of both hepatic stem cell marker (Thy1.1, EpCAM, AFP) and SH marker (CD44, D6.1A, BRI3). Albumin secretion into culture medium was also observed. Our results demonstrate the existence of hepatocyte progenitor cells in human adult livers, and the cells can grow in a serum-free medium on HA-coated dishes. Human SHs may be a useful source for cell transplantation as well as pharmaceutical and toxicological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Surgery I, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Junko Kon
- Department of Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery I, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Qijie Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ooe
- Department of Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hideki Oshima
- Department of Surgery I, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery I, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mitaka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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14
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Efficient transformation of small hepatocytes into insulin-expressing cells by forced expression of Pdx1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:403-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00534-007-1318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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In vitro transformation of adult rat hepatic progenitor cells into pancreatic endocrine hormone-producing cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:310-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00534-007-1252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Lin H, Mao Q, Wang YM, Jiang L. Proliferation of L02 human hepatocytes in tolerized genetically immunocompetent rats. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:2329-37. [PMID: 18416458 PMCID: PMC2705086 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether human hepatocytes could proliferate after transplantation to normal immunocompetent rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene or Retrorsine and partial hepatectomy.
METHODS: L02 hepatocyte-tolerant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Retrorsine, 2-acetaminofluorene or normal saline. L02 hepatocytes were then transplanted via the spleen. Human albumin and its mRNA, specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), L02 hepatocyte dynamic distribution, number density and area density of PCNA-positive cells in the liver were determined.
RESULTS: All the examined indicators were not significantly different between the rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene and normal saline, which was not the case with rats treated with Retrorsine. A dynamic distribution of L02 hepatocytes in the rat liver was detected from wk 1 to mo 6 after transplantation in the Retrorsine group and from wk 1 to 10 in the 2-acetaminofluorene group. Human albumin and its mRNA were detected from wk 2 to mo 6 in the Retrorsine group and from wk 1 to 8 in the 2-acetaminofluorene group. Specific human PCNA was detected in the rat liver from wk 2 to mo 6 in the Retrorsine group and from wk 2 to 6 in the 2-acetaminofluorene group. Human albumin and its mRNA contents as well as the number of PCNA positive cells reached a peak at wk 4.
CONCLUSION: L02 human hepatocytes could not proliferate significiantly after transplantation to the normal, immunocompetent rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene. L02 human hepatocytes can survive for 10 wk after transplantation and express human albumin for 8 wk. L02 human hepatocytes can proliferate and express human albumin for 6 mo after transplantation to the rats treated with Retrorsine. The chimeric L02 human hepatocytes, which then underwent transplantation into tolerant rats, were normal in morphogenesis, biochemistry and function.
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17
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Inuo H, Eguchi S, Yanaga K, Hamada T, Yamanouchi K, Okudaira S, Kanematsu T. Protective effects of a hibernation-inducer on hepatocyte injury induced by hypothermic preservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:509-13. [PMID: 17909722 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-007-1214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE For hepatocyte-based cell therapy to be realistic, the method chosen for cryopreservation or hypothermic preservation is critical. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE), a hibernation inducer, has protective effects on hepatocytes with regard to hypothermic preservation injury. METHODS A suspension of rat hepatocytes was stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h with or without DADLE. Their viability was measured by the trypan blue dye exclusion method, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the preservation solution were measured. After 24 h of cold storage, viable hepatocytes were cultured at 37 degrees C for another 24 h. Then albumin production and lidocaine clearance were measured. RESULTS DADLE significantly improved the survival rate of hepatocytes. The levels of ALT and LDH in the preservation solution with DADLE were significantly lower than those in the preservation solution without DADLE. The treated viable hepatocytes maintained both albumin synthesis and lidocaine clearance. CONCLUSIONS DADLE appears to have protective effects on hepatocytes with regard to hypothermic preservation injury in vitro. This hibernation-inducer is useful in prolonged hypothermic preservation for hepatocyte-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inuo
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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18
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Koenig S, Aurich H, Schneider C, Krause P, Haftendorn R, Becker H, Christ B. Zonal expression of hepatocytic marker enzymes during liver repopulation. Histochem Cell Biol 2007; 128:105-14. [PMID: 17576590 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-007-0301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are metabolically specialised cells displaying distinctive gene expression patterns within the liver lobule. Here, we investigate whether pre-cultured adult rat hepatocytes adopt periportal and pericentral enzyme expression following their transplantation into the regenerating rat liver. Isolated primary rat hepatocytes, representing a mixture of both periportal and pericentral origin, lost expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and cytochrome P450 subtype 2B1 (CYP2B1) in culture as shown by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Accordingly, urea synthesis and CYP2B1 enzyme activity decreased. Hepatocytes from DPPIV (CD26) wild type rats were cultured for 4 and 7 days, and then transplanted into the livers of CD26 deficient rats following prior treatment with retrorsine and partial hepatectomy to drive selective donor cell proliferation. CD26 positive donor cells engrafted in the periportal regions and grew in clusters expanding into the parenchyma as time proceeded. Ten weeks after transplantation, cells derived from donors surrounding the portal veins expressed CPS I, but not CYP2B1. The reverse was true for CD26 positive cells in close proximity to the central veins displaying immunoreactivity to CYP2B1, but no longer to CPS I. Hepatocytes lose their specific marker enzyme expression in culture. After transplantation, donor hepatocytes proliferate in the host parenchyma whilst acquiring the position-specific enzyme expression of the surrounding periportal and pericentral host hepatocytes. These results indicate the high degree of plasticity of gene expression in hepatocytes subjected to a change in microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koenig
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37099, Goettingen, Germany.
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19
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Cai J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Ye F, Song Z, Qin H, Meng S, Chen Y, Zhou R, Song X, Guo Y, Ding M, Deng H. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatic cells. Hepatology 2007; 45:1229-39. [PMID: 17464996 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The differentiation capacity of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) holds great promise for therapeutic applications. We report a novel three-stage method to efficiently direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatic cells in serum-free medium. Human ESCs were first differentiated into definitive endoderm cells by 3 days of Activin A treatment. Next, the presence of fibroblast growth factor-4 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the culture medium for 5 days induced efficient hepatic differentiation from definitive endoderm cells. Approximately 70% of the cells expressed the hepatic marker albumin. After 10 days of further in vitro maturation, these cells expressed the adult liver cell markers tyrosine aminotransferase, tryptophan oxygenase 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), Cyp7A1, Cyp3A4 and Cyp2B6. Furthermore, these cells exhibited functions associated with mature hepatocytes including albumin secretion, glycogen storage, indocyanine green, and low-density lipoprotein uptake, and inducible cytochrome P450 activity. When transplanted into CCl4 injured severe combined immunodeficiency mice, these cells integrated into the mouse liver and expressed human alpha-1 antitrypsin for at least 2 months. In addition, we found that the hESC-derived hepatic cells were readily infected by human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus pseudotype viruses. CONCLUSION We have developed an efficient way to direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cells that exhibit characteristics of mature hepatocytes. Our studies should facilitate searching the molecular mechanisms underlying human liver development, and form the basis for hepatocyte transplantation and drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia, or jaundice, is common in the ICU, with incidence up to 40% among critically ill patients. Unfortunately, it is poorly understood in the critically ill, and too often presents a diagnostic dilemma to the ICU physician. Causes of jaundice in the ICU are multiple; the etiology in any given patient, multifactorial. Acute jaundice can be a harbinger or marker of sepsis, multisystem organ failure (MSOF), or a reflection of transient hypotension (shock liver), right-sided heart failure, the metabolic breakdown of red blood cells, or pharmacologic toxicity. Acute ICU jaundice is best divided into obstructive and nonobstructive. This stratification directs subsequent management and therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Bansal
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Aly HH, Watashi K, Hijikata M, Kaneko H, Takada Y, Egawa H, Uemoto S, Shimotohno K. Serum-derived hepatitis C virus infectivity in interferon regulatory factor-7-suppressed human primary hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2007; 46:26-36. [PMID: 17112629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The development of an efficient in vitro infection system for HCV is important in order to develop new anti-HCV strategy. Only Huh7 hepatocyte cell lines were shown to be infected with JFH-1 fulminant HCV-2a strain and its chimeras. Here we aimed to establish a primary hepatocyte cell line that could be infected by HCV particles from patients' sera. METHODS We transduced primary human hepatocytes with human telomerase reverse transcriptase together with human papilloma virus 18/E6E7 (HPV18/E6E7) genes or simian virus large T gene (SV40 T) to immortalize cells. We also established the HPV18/E6E7-immortalized hepatocytes in which interferon regulatory factor-7 was inactivated. Finally we analyzed HCV infectivity in these cells. RESULTS Even after prolonged culture HPV18/E6E7-immortalized hepatocytes exhibited hepatocyte functions and marker expression and were more prone to HCV infection than SV40 T-immortalized hepatocytes. The susceptibility of HPV18/E6E7-immortalized hepatocytes to HCV infection was further improved, in particular, by impairing signaling through interferon regulatory factor-7. CONCLUSIONS HPV18/E6E7-immortalized hepatocytes are useful for the analysis of HCV infection, anti-HCV innate immune response, and screening of antiviral agents with a variety of HCV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein H Aly
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Transplant Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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