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Barabino M, Piccolo G, Tramacere A, Volponi S, Cigala C, Gianelli U, Codecà C, Patella F, Ghilardi G, Lecchi F, Bianchi PP. Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Liver or Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma, That's the Question: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2926. [PMID: 39272784 PMCID: PMC11394391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a rare tumor-like lesion composed of polymorphous inflammatory cell infiltrates and variable amounts of fibrosis that can often mimic a malignant liver neoplasm. The etiology of inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver is unknown; symptoms are faint and imaging non-specific. Thus, it is often hard to make a diagnosis preoperatively and it is not so rare to over-treat patients with this disease or vice versa. Thus, more profound knowledge is necessary to plan appropriate disease management. We reported our two cases and systematically searched the literature regarding IPTL. We selected articles published in English from four databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and we included only articles with consistent data. Twenty nine papers fulfilling criteria for the review were selected. The analysis of 69 cases published from 1953 confirmed that the risk factors are unclear, the imaging data is not specific, and biopsy is crucial but not so widely used in clinical practice due to the procedure's related risks, and relatively low effectiveness and improvement in imaging analysis. Regarding treatment, surgeons have moved towards a more conservative attitude over the years due to better imaging quality and patient surveillance. However, surgery remains the modality of choice for most cases with an indeterminate diagnosis. Even if an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a benign tumor with a good prognosis, not requiring any treatment in most cases, sometimes it remains challenging to differentiate it from ICC; therefore, there is a solid recommendation to manage this condition with a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barabino
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Piccolo
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tramacere
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Volponi
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cigala
- Pathology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Codecà
- Division of Oncology, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Patella
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ghilardi
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Lecchi
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pietro Bianchi
- FACS, General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Lin H, Liu Y, Wei Y, Guan X, Yu S, Man Y, Deng D. Characteristics of imaging in hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors: a comparison between IgG4-related and IgG4-unrelated cases. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:203. [PMID: 39120829 PMCID: PMC11315856 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the imaging features of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) associated with IgG4-related and IgG4-unrelated conditions and to enhance the approach toward distinguishing between these two types of IPTs. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted, involving 20 patients diagnosed with hepatic IPTs. Imaging procedures were conducted within a timeframe of 4 weeks prior to hepatectomy or biopsy. The imaging features were then analyzed and compared using chi-squared analysis. RESULTS Seventeen (81.0%) IPTs were located in the hepatic subcapsular area; six (66.7%) IgG4-related IPTs were distributed around the hepatic hilum; and eleven (91.7%) IgG4-unrelated and three (33.3%) IgG4-related IPTs had unclear boundaries. All lesions exhibited similar characteristics in CT scans, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values slightly higher than the surrounding liver tissue. Delayed hypoenhancement, observed in five cases (55.6%), was exclusively present in IgG4-related IPTs. The remaining IPT lesions displayed progressive enhancement, septal and marginal enhancement, and persistent enhancement. Central enhancement was absent in three IgG4-related IPTs (33.3%) and ten IgG4-unrelated IPTs (83.3%). The duct-penetrating sign was identified in two IgG4-unrelated IPTs (16.7%) and seven IgG4-related IPTs (77.8%). Furthermore, seven patients with IgG4-related IPTs had additional lesions outside the liver. CONCLUSIONS IgG4-related lesions are frequently found in the vicinity of the hepatic hilum; they display the duct-penetrating sign and affect other organs as well. Both groups exhibited progressive or persistent contrast enhancement in typical IPT lesions, but delayed hypoenhancement was only observed in the IgG4-related IPT group. IgG4-unrelated IPT lesions often exhibited indistinct boundaries lacking central enhancement. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Differences in imaging features differentiate IgG4-related and -unrelated inflammatory pseudotumors (IPT). IgG4-related lesions are frequently near the hepatic hilum, display duct-penetrating sign, and affect other organs. Only the IgG4-related group demonstrated delayed hypoenhancement. IgG4-unrelated IPT lesions often exhibited indistinct boundaries lacking central enhancement. KEY POINTS Compared with IgG 4-unrelated IPTs, IgG4-related IPTs show delayed hypoenhancement and affect other organs. IgG4-unrelated IPTs have unclear boundaries and lack central enhancement. Improved IPT diagnostic capabilities can help minimize additional, potentially unnecessary, interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Youyong Wei
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Guan
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuilian Yu
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuping Man
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Demao Deng
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Kersten R, Trampert DC, Herta T, Hubers LM, Maillette de Buy Wenniger LJ, Verheij J, van de Graaf SFJ, Beuers U. IgG4-related cholangitis - a mimicker of fibrosing and malignant cholangiopathies. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1502-1523. [PMID: 37598939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
IgG4-related cholangitis (IRC) is the major hepatobiliary manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD and IRC is currently viewed as multifactorial, as there is evidence of a genetic predisposition while environmental factors, such as blue-collar work, are major risk factors. Various autoantigens have been described in IgG4-RD, including annexin A11 and laminin 511-E8, proteins which may exert a partially protective function in cholangiocytes by enhancing secretion and barrier function, respectively. For the other recently described autoantigens, galectin-3 and prohibitin 1, a distinct role in cholangiocytes appears less apparent. In relation to these autoantigens, oligoclonal expansions of IgG4+ plasmablasts are present in patients with IRC and disappear upon successful treatment. More recently, specific T-cell subtypes including regulatory T cells, follicular T helper 2 cells, peripheral T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ and CD4+ SLAMF7+ T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. The clinical presentation of IRC often mimics other biliary diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis or cholangiocarcinoma, which may lead to inappropriate medical and potentially invalidating surgical interventions. As specific biomarkers are lacking, diagnosis is made according to the HISORt criteria comprising histopathology, imaging, serology, other organ manifestations and response to therapy. Treatment of IRC aims to prevent or alleviate organ damage and to improve symptoms and consists of (i) remission induction, (ii) remission maintenance and (iii) long-term management. Glucocorticosteroids are highly effective for remission induction, after which immunomodulators can be introduced for maintenance of remission as glucocorticosteroid-sparing alternatives. Increased insight into the pathogenesis of IRC will lead to improved diagnosis and novel therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Kersten
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David C Trampert
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toni Herta
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lowiek M Hubers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Rajamanickam Chandrasekaran K, Aftab S, Al Jajeh I, Kumar R. A Case of Inflammatory Pseudotumour Masquerading as Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e45897. [PMID: 37753063 PMCID: PMC10518897 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) of the liver can mimic malignant lesions. As the name implies, they are usually associated with an inflammatory process and usually regress with the treatment of the underlying pathology. We report a case of a 67-year-old female who presented with right upper quadrant pain, deranged liver enzymes, elevated tumor markers [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and CA 19-9], and a large liver mass on imaging, suspected to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). She was eventually diagnosed with IPT complicating the liver inflammation due to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). She responded well to treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Aftab
- Diagnostic Radiology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, SGP
| | | | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, SGP
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Abstract
Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) describes a mass lesion composed of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts with a dense inflammatory infiltrate comprising lymphocyte, plasma cells, and histiocytes. These lesions are presumed to be an exuberant response to an infectious organism, although in most cases the causative agent is unknown. In specific circumstances, pathologists should consider ancillary techniques to exclude specific infections, such as mycobacteria, Candida, or syphilis. IgG4-related disease may cause a plasma-cell rich IPT. Finally, true neoplasms can mimic IPTs and must be excluded with appropriate ancillary studies, including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, follicular dendritic cell tumor, inflammatory angiomyolipoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and inflammatory hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 560 First Avenue TH-483, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph Misdraji
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, 20 York Street EP2-611, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Wang X, El Jabbour T, Chahal D, Odin JA, Crismale J, Taouli B, Thung SN, Ward SC. First Report of Immunoglobulin G4-related Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor in Transplanted Liver. Transplantation 2023; 107:e154-e155. [PMID: 37097981 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tony El Jabbour
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Daljeet Chahal
- Division of Liver Diseases and the Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joseph A Odin
- Division of Liver Diseases and the Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James Crismale
- Division of Liver Diseases and the Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Swan N Thung
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Stephen C Ward
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Miyagi A, Fujimoto D, Yoshikawa A, Okushi S, Miyagi J, Matsumoto R, Ogata S, Bando Y, Ogawa H, Tanahashi T. A rare case of fibrohistiocytic hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor with cholecystocholangitis showing positive IgG4 staining. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 15:975-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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IgG4-Related Hepatic Pseudotumor Masquerading as a Klatskin Tumor. Case Reports Hepatol 2022; 2022:5765116. [PMID: 35800852 PMCID: PMC9256424 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5765116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G subclass 4 (IgG-4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an uncommon immune-mediated, fibro-inflammatory disease which has garnered recognition as a systemic condition. One manifestation of the disease in the hepatobiliary system is the development of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors. These benign tumors are often misdiagnosed as malignant tumors and undergo unnecessary hepatic resections. We present a case of IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) mimicking a Klatskin tumor. A high degree of clinical suspicion and extensive workup is imperative in reaching the correct diagnosis. IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare entity, but an important consideration in evaluating hepatic tumors.
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9
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IgG4-related pseudotumours: a series of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Pathology 2022; 54:563-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Kovač JD, Janković A, Đikić-Rom A, Grubor N, Antić A, Dugalić V. Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:698-723. [PMID: 35200560 PMCID: PMC8870737 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy, with mass-forming growth pattern being the most common. The typical imaging appearance of mass-forming ICC (mICC) consists of irregular ring enhancement in the arterial phase followed by the progressive central enhancement on portal venous and delayed phases. However, atypical imaging presentation in the form of hypervascular mICC might also be seen, which can be attributed to distinct pathological characteristics. Ancillary imaging features such as lobular shape, capsular retraction, segmental biliary dilatation, and vascular encasement favor the diagnosis of mICC. Nevertheless, these radiological findings may also be present in certain benign conditions such as focal confluent fibrosis, sclerosing hemangioma, organizing hepatic abscess, or the pseudosolid form of hydatid disease. In addition, a few malignant lesions including primary liver lymphoma, hemangioendothelioma, solitary hypovascular liver metastases, and atypical forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), such as scirrhous HCC, infiltrative HCC, and poorly differentiated HCC, may also pose a diagnostic dilemma by simulating mICC in imaging studies. Diffusion-weighted imaging and the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents might be helpful for differential diagnosis in certain cases. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of mICC imaging features and to describe useful tips for differential diagnosis with its potential mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djokic Kovač
- Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova No. 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica No. 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.G.); (A.A.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-65-8270-290
| | - Aleksandra Janković
- Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova No. 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Đikić-Rom
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova No.2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nikica Grubor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica No. 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.G.); (A.A.); (V.D.)
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica Street, No. 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrija Antić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica No. 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.G.); (A.A.); (V.D.)
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica Street, No. 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Dugalić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica No. 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.G.); (A.A.); (V.D.)
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica Street, No. 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking cholangiolocellular carcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1733-1739. [PMID: 34570358 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a benign tumor mass composed of chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue. IgG4-RD (related disease) in the hepatobiliary system has been widely recognized and includes IgG4-related hepatic IPT. This report describes a patient with IgG4-related hepatic IPT with sclerosing cholangitis. A 75-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of rectal cancer. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a low-density mass, 2.5 cm in diameter, in the left lateral lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the mass was slightly hypointense on T1-weighted images and slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Based on these results, we made a diagnosis of cholangiolocellular carcinoma, and we performed a left hepatectomy. Histopathological examination showed that the mass was composed of fibrous stroma with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Immunohistochemically, IgG4-positive plasma cells were observed. The final diagnosis was IgG4-related hepatic IPT with sclerosing cholangitis. IgG4-related IPT is a relatively rare disease that can occur in any organ of the body. Although the accurate diagnosis of IgG4-related hepatic IPT remains difficult, IgG4-RD should be included in the differential diagnosis of liver tumors and histological analysis performed.
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12
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Fibrohistiocytic Variant of Hepatic Pseudotumor: An Antibiotic Responsive Tumefactive Lesion. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1314-1323. [PMID: 34334689 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pseudotumor is a term used to designate inflammation-rich tumefactive lesions. Following the exclusion of specific entities such as IgG4-related disease and other neoplastic entities previously included in this entity, the majority of hepatic pseudotumors show a prominent fibrohistiocytic inflammatory reaction and have been previously categorized as fibrohistiocytic variant of hepatic pseudotumor (FHVHPT). The goal of this study was to examine the clinical, radiologic, histologic, and etiologic aspects of this entity. After excluding neoplastic diseases, we identified 30 patients with FHVHPT from 3 institutions between 2009 and 2019. We extracted demographic and clinical data, liver function tests as well as culture results and radiologic information. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were reviewed for pattern of inflammation as well as its cellular composition. Immunohistochemistry for IgG4 and IgG was performed in all cases. The mean age of the 30 lesions characterized as FHVHPT was 56 years (range: 23 to 79 y). Nineteen patients showed solitary lesions; 11 were multiple. The mean size of the lesion was 3.8 cm (range: 1 to 7.5 cm). On imaging, a neoplastic process or metastasis was the leading diagnostic consideration (n=15, 50%). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (n=14/30); 8 patients presented with symptoms compatible with an infectious process, including fever. The inflammatory infiltrate was dominated by lymphocytes and plasma cells, and in most cases, a prominent histiocytic infiltrate (22/30). Neutrophils were identified in 12 cases, with microabscess noted in 8. Storiform pattern of fibrosis was seen in 14/30 cases; obliterative phlebitis was not identified. Culture identified a microorganism in 4 of 9 cases evaluated. The mean IgG4 count was 9.3 per HPF (range: 0 to 51) with 9 of the 26 (35%) biopsies showing >10 IgG4 positive plasma cells per HPF. The mean IgG4 to IgG ratio was 8% (range: 8% to 46%). A hepatectomy was performed in 4 cases. On broad spectrum antibiotics (n=14) the lesions either resolved or decreased in size. Eight patients did not receive specific therapy, nevertheless, the lesion(s) resolved spontaneously in 6 cases, remained stable or decreased in size in 2 cases. Notably, none of these patients showed evidence of a hepatic recurrence. FHVHPT, a tumefactive lesion that mimics hepatic neoplasia, is histologically characterized by a fibrohistiocytic infiltrate. In the majority of patients FHVHPT represents the organizing phase of hepatic abscess and can be successfully managed with antibiotic therapy.
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Okamura Y, Nishitai R, Sasaki N, An H, Fushitani M, Ota T, Morioka M, Kawaguchi K, Konishi S, Hamasu S, Manaka D. Intrahepatic bile duct rupture associated with IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis presenting hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1530-1535. [PMID: 34312794 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old man with a low-grade fever was found to have a 25-mm diameter tumor of the left hepatic umbilical portion. The tumor was accompanied by occlusion of the left portal vein. Positron emission tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose showed that the tumor had abnormally high metabolic activity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the left hepatic duct segmental narrowing. There was a mild elevation in serum IgG4 (206 mg/dL). Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was suspected. Instead of planned hepatectomy, the patient was forced to undergo emergency surgery for biliary panperitonitis caused by intrahepatic bile duct rupture. Intraoperative ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic tumor-like thickened Glissonean sheath and needle biopsy was performed. Histologic examination confirmed fibrous tissue with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration without neoplastic proliferation. He was diagnosed with IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) presenting hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. After his general condition improved, he underwent left hepatectomy. Macroscopic findings showed extreme fibrosis of the Glissonean sheath of the umbilical portion, and diffuse granular lesion aggregated in the left lateral segment. Microscopic examination confirmed chronic cholangitis and dense portal fibrosis in the umbilical portion and diffuse xanthogranulomatous inflammation. This is the first case report of spontaneous rupture of the intrahepatic bile duct in patient with IgG4-SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okamura
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Nishitai
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Naoya Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Hideo An
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Masashi Fushitani
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Takano Ota
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Michina Morioka
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kawaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Sayuri Konishi
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Shinya Hamasu
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Dai Manaka
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamadahirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
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Oh K, Hwang S, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Moon DB, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Hong SM. Clinicopathological features and post-resection outcomes of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2021; 25:34-38. [PMID: 33649252 PMCID: PMC7952659 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2021.25.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (HIPT) is a rare disease characterized by chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells and area of fibrosis. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to investigate clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients who underwent hepatic resection (HR) for HIPT. Methods From 2009 to 2018, seven patients with HIPT underwent HR, accounting for 0.06% of 11,979 adults who underwent HR at our center. Results These seven patients included five men and two women. Their mean age was 62.3±11.6 years. In four patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, liver masses were suspected of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma based on imaging studies. In three patients without HBV infection, two patients were suspected of HCC, for whom liver biopsy was not performed. One patient was suspected of liver abscess or HIPT, for whom percutaneous liver biopsy was performed and the mass was diagnosed with HIPT. However, this patient underwent HR owing to abdominal pain. No patient presented with abnormally elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, or CA19-9. During a mean follow-up period of 76.4±34.8 months, no patient experienced recurrence of HIPT. Conclusions HIPT, a rare form of liver disease, is often misdiagnosed as malignant liver tumor. Active histological diagnosis is warranted for patients with suspected HIPT to avoid unnecessary operation. HR can be indicated in case of diagnostic ambiguity of HIPT or under a clinical diagnosis of malignant liver tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibong Oh
- Department of Surgery, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok-Bog Moon
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Ha
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Jung
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liao M, Wang C, Zhang B, Jiang Q, Liu J, Liao J. Distinguishing Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Using a Nomogram Based on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737099. [PMID: 34692513 PMCID: PMC8529164 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic iflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) share similar symptoms and imaging features, which makes it challenging to distinguish from each other in clinical practice. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and clinical features to discriminate HCC from IPT. METHODS Sixty-two IPT and 146 HCC patients were enrolled in this study, where pathological diagnosis served as the reference standard for diagnosis. Clinical and ultrasound imaging data including CEUS features: enhancement degree during arterial phase, portal phase and delayed phase, enhancement pattern, early washout within 60 s, feeding artery, peritumoral vessels, peritumoral enhancement, and margin of nonenhanced area were retrospectively collected. Imaging data were reviewed by two experienced ultrasound doctors. Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation sets. Chi-squared test followed by LASSO regression was performed on ultrasonographic features in the training set to identify the most valuable features that distinguish HCC from IPT, based on which the sonographic score formula was generated. With the significant clinical and ultrasonographic indicators, a nomogram was developed. The performance of the nomogram was verified by ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) with the comparison with sonographic score and the ultrasound doctor's diagnosis. RESULTS The most valuable ultrasonographic features that distinguish between HCC and IPT were enhancement degree during arterial phase, early washout, peritumoral vessels, peritumoral enhancement, and liver background. The sonographic score based on these features was verified to be an independent factor that predicts the diagnosis (p = 0.003). Among the clinical indicators, AFP (p = 0.009) and viral hepatitis infection (p = 0.004) were significant. Sonographic score, AFP, and viral hepatitis were used to construct a predictive nomogram. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.989 and 0.984 in training and validation sets, respectively, which were higher than those of sonographic score alone (0.938 and 0.958) or the ultrasound doctor's diagnosis (0.794 and 0.832). DCA showed the nomogram provided the greatest clinical usefulness. CONCLUSION A predictive nomogram based on a sonographic signature improved the diagnostic performance in distinguishing HCC and IPT, which may help with individualized diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenshan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jintang Liao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jintang Liao,
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Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Suzuki T, Shimizu T, Onishi H. Imaging features of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: distinction from colorectal liver metastasis using gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:2400-2408. [PMID: 32468212 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI features distinguishing hepatic IPT from CLM. METHODS From February 2008 to December 2019, 162 lesions (IPT, n = 31 and CLM, n = 131) from 94 patients (mean age 65.1 ± 12.2 years; 65 men and 29 women) were retrospectively assessed for the presence or absence of obscure boundary, rim enhancement on arterial phase (AP), persistent rim enhancement during AP to transitional phase (TP), blood vessel penetration, peritumoral parenchymal enhancement on AP, peritumoral parenchymal hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (HBP), peritumoral parenchymal hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), biliary dilatation, central hypointensity with a relatively hyperintense periphery on HBP, peripheral hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2WI, and lesion to liver signal intensity ratio (SIRlesion/liver) on HBP and DWI. Relevant features for differentiating between ITP and CLM were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher frequencies of the following features in IPT than CLM: younger age, obscure boundary, blood vessel penetration, central hypointensity with a relatively hyperintense periphery on HBP, higher SIRlesion/liver on HBP, and lower SIRlesion/liver on DWI (P < 0.001‒0.035). Rim enhancement on AP and persistent rim enhancement during AP to TP were significantly more common in CLM than in IPT (P ≤ 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a central hypointensity with a relatively peripheral hyperintensity on HBP, higher SIRlesion/liver on HBP, and lower SIRlesion/liver on DWI were predictive of IPT (P = 0.003‒0.039). CONCLUSION Central hypointensity with a relatively peripheral hyperintensity on HBP and SIRlesion/liver on HBP and DWI may be reliable gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI features for distinguishing IPT from CLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ichikawa
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Utaroh Motosugi
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kofu Kyoritsu Hospital, Kofu, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onishi
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Löhr JM, Beuers U, Vujasinovic M, Alvaro D, Frøkjær JB, Buttgereit F, Capurso G, Culver EL, de-Madaria E, Della-Torre E, Detlefsen S, Dominguez-Muñoz E, Czubkowski P, Ewald N, Frulloni L, Gubergrits N, Duman DG, Hackert T, Iglesias-Garcia J, Kartalis N, Laghi A, Lammert F, Lindgren F, Okhlobystin A, Oracz G, Parniczky A, Mucelli RMP, Rebours V, Rosendahl J, Schleinitz N, Schneider A, van Bommel EF, Verbeke CS, Vullierme MP, Witt H. European Guideline on IgG4-related digestive disease - UEG and SGF evidence-based recommendations. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:637-666. [PMID: 32552502 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620934911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall objective of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related digestive disease in adults and children. IgG4-related digestive disease can be diagnosed only with a comprehensive work-up that includes histology, organ morphology at imaging, serology, search for other organ involvement, and response to glucocorticoid treatment. Indications for treatment are symptomatic patients with obstructive jaundice, abdominal pain, posterior pancreatic pain, and involvement of extra-pancreatic digestive organs, including IgG4-related cholangitis. Treatment with glucocorticoids should be weight-based and initiated at a dose of 0.6-0.8 mg/kg body weight/day orally (typical starting dose 30-40 mg/day prednisone equivalent) for 1 month to induce remission and then be tapered within two additional months. Response to initial treatment should be assessed at week 2-4 with clinical, biochemical and morphological markers. Maintenance treatment with glucocorticoids should be considered in multi-organ disease or history of relapse. If there is no change in disease activity and burden within 3 months, the diagnosis should be reconsidered. If the disease relapsed during the 3 months of treatment, immunosuppressive drugs should be added.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Matthias Löhr
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- PancreatoBiliary Endoscopy and EUS Division Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma L Culver
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enrique de-Madaria
- Gastroenterology Department, Alicante University General Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emanuel Della-Torre
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Disease (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Enrique Dominguez-Muñoz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Piotr Czubkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nils Ewald
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Johannes Wesling University hospital, Minden, Germany and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Natalya Gubergrits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Donetsk National Medical University, Lyman, Ukraine
| | - Deniz Guney Duman
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Iglesias-Garcia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Kartalis
- Department of Abdominal Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Grzegorz Oracz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Parniczky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Heim Pál National Insitute of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, Université de Paris, France
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schleinitz
- Département de Médicine Interne Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Bad Hersfeld, Bad Hersfeld, Germany
| | - Eric Fh van Bommel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dutch National Center of Expertise Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, Albert Schweitzer hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Heiko Witt
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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- See list at the end of this article
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18
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Filips A, Maurer MH, Montani M, Beldi G, Lachenmayer A. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver: A case report and review of literature. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:170-183. [PMID: 32685109 PMCID: PMC7336290 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the liver (IMTL) are extremely rare neoplasms and very little is known about their clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and biological behavior. Due to their absolute rarity, it is almost impossible to obtain a definite diagnosis without histological examination. Because of their intermediate biological behavior with the risk for local recurrence and metastases, surgical resection is recommend whenever IMTL is suspect.
CASE SUMMARY We herein present a case of an otherwise healthy 32-year-old woman who presented with intermittent fever, unclear anemia, malaise and right flank pain 4 mo postpartum. The liver mass in segment IVa/b was highly FDG avid in the positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Hepatic resection was performed achieving a negative resection margin and an immediate resolution of all clinical symptoms. Histological analysis diagnosed the rare finding of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver and revealed cytoplasmic anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression by immunohistochemistry. Twelve months follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed no recurrence and no metastases in the fully recovered patient.
CONCLUSION IMTLs are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. Due to their intermediate biological behavior, surgical resection should be perform whenever feasible and patients should be followed-up in order to detect recurrence and metastasis as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Filips
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Martin H Maurer
- Department of Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Montani
- Institute of Pathology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Anja Lachenmayer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
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19
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Nigam N, Rajani SS, Rastogi A, Patil A, Agrawal N, Sureka B, Arora A, Bihari C. Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver: Importance of a multimodal approach with the insistance of needle biopsy. J Lab Physicians 2020; 11:361-368. [PMID: 31929705 PMCID: PMC6943873 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_63_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare, tumor-like lesion that is considered to be biologically benign but often mimics malignancy. AIMS: The aim of the study was construe clinicopathological features, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, management, and follow-up of IPT involving the liver. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It is a retrospective study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cases included were of IPT, diagnosed on histopathology, at our center from June 2009 to December 2016. Details studied were clinical presentation, imaging studies, laboratory investigations, pathological features, treatment, and follow-up of the cases and compared with reports in the literature. RESULTS: A total of cases of IPT included were 17. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 62 years. Common presenting features were intermittent fever, upper abdominal pain, and weight loss. Radiological diagnosis varied from neoplastic (13) to infectious etiologies (4), with hepatocellular carcinoma being the most common differential (7/17). Laboratory investigations revealed leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, raised transaminases, and raised serum alkaline phosphatase. Core biopsy of a tumor conceded increased fibrosis along with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates. Eleven cases were managed conservatively and showed regression or complete recovery. Six patients underwent surgical resection. None of these had any recurrence in median follow-up of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS: IPT of the liver can masquerade as a fatality, either primary or metastatic. It will be well managed with conservative modalities and can avoid redundant hepatectomy, reserved for complicated cases. For this intent, accurate preoperative diagnosis is the requisite, and needle biopsy with or without fine-needle aspiration cytology plays as a significant rescuer in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nigam
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Singh Rajani
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Patil
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Binit Sureka
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Arora
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chhagan Bihari
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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20
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Yang TL, Chang HC. Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Liver. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Hepatic Involvement of IgG4-Related Disease Presenting as Multiple Hypermetabolic Masses on FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2018; 43:777-779. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Liver: Challenges in the Preoperative Diagnosis and Treatment. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:1132-1133. [PMID: 29235003 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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23
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Legkiy O, Wajda J, Ćwierz A, Wysocka J, Komorowski AL. Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor related with IgG4. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2018; 42:176-177. [PMID: 29655493 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Legkiy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Wajda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland; Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Ćwierz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cancer Centre, Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Komorowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland
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Sheng RF, Zhai CW, Ji Y, Chen CZ, Yang L, Zeng MS. Role of MR in the differentiation of IgG4-related from non-IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:631-637. [PMID: 29291783 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is classified into 2 types based on IgG4 stain: IgG4-related and non-IgG4-related; the two types differ not only in their pathological characteristics, but also in the clinical features. This study aimed to investigate the MR character of hepatic IPT, and differentiate the IgG4-related IPT from the non-IgG4-related IPT. METHODS Twenty-five patients with 27 histologically proven hepatic IPTs were retrospectively analyzed. Ten lesions were diagnosed as IgG4-related IPT, and the other 17 as non-IgG4-related IPT. The MR signal features on T1, T2-weighted, dynamic-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted imaging were evaluated and compared. RESULTS The dominant lesions were subcapsularly distributed (n=17, 63.0%) with clear boundary (n=20, 74.1%), and showed progressive enhancement pattern (n=21, 77.8%) with diffuse homogeneous (n=12, 44.4%) or heterogeneous (n=8, 29.6%) hyperintensity, accompanied by delayed capsule-like enhancement (n=17, 63.0%) and central nonenhanced areas (n=18, 66.7%). Morphological features (P>0.05) were not sufficient to differentiate IgG4-related IPT from non-IgG4-related IPT; the wash-out pattern was only found in 2 IgG4-related IPT, while the progressive enhancement pattern was more common in the non-IgG4-related lesions (n=16) (P=0.022). During portal and delayed phases, iso-/hypoenhanced lesions were only seen in 3 IgG4-related IPT, and circular-enhanced lesions (n=5) existed exceptionally in the non-IgG4-related group with significant differences (P=0.029 and 0.027). Most IgG4-related IPTs had lower apparent diffusion coefficient compared with the liver parenchyma (n=6), while most non-IgG4-related IPTs had higher apparent diffusion coefficient value (n=13) (P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS Although MR images of hepatic IPT have certain characteristics, they are not enough to differentiate IgG4-related IPT from non-IgG4-related IPT. The enhancement pattern, signal features on portal and delayed phases, and the apparent diffusion coefficient value of the lesion may be helpful for the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fan Sheng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Wen Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng-Su Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Diagnostic performance of imaging criteria for distinguishing autoimmune cholangiopathy from primary sclerosing cholangitis and bile duct malignancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 40:3052-61. [PMID: 26350286 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic performance of imaging criteria for distinguishing Ig-G4-associated autoimmune cholangiopathy (IAC) from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and bile duct malignancy. METHODS A medical records search between January 2008 and October 2013 identified 10 patients (8 M, 2 F, mean age 61 years, range 34-82) with a clinical diagnosis of IAC. Fifteen cases of PSC (6 M, 9 F, mean age 50, range 22-65) and 15 cases of biliary malignancy (7 M, 8 F, mean age 65, range 48-84) were randomly selected for comparative analysis. Three abdominal radiologists independently reviewed MRI with MRCP (n = 32) or CT (n = 8) and ERCP (n = 8) for the following IAC imaging predictors: single-wall bile duct thickness >2.5 mm, continuous biliary involvement, gallbladder involvement, liver disease, peribiliary mass, or pancreatic and renal abnormalities. Each radiologist provided an imaging-based diagnosis (IAC, PSC, or cancer). Imaging predictor sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and association with IAC using Fisher's exact test. Inter-reader agreement determined using Fleiss' kappa statistics. RESULTS For diagnosis of IAC, sensitivities and specificities were high (70-93%). Pancreatic abnormality was strongest predictor for distinguishing IAC from PSC and cancer, with high diagnostic performance (70-80% sensitivity, 87-97% specificity), significant association (p < 0.01), and moderate inter-reader agreement (κ = 0.59). Continuous biliary involvement was moderately predictive (50-100% sensitivity, 53-83% specificity) and trended toward significant association in distinguishing from PSC (p = 0.01-0.19), but less from cancer (p = 0.06-0.62). CONCLUSION It remains difficult to distinguish IAC from PSC or bile duct malignancy based on imaging features alone. The presence of pancreatic abnormalities, including peripancreatic rind, atrophy, abnormal enhancement, or T2 signal intensity, strongly favors a diagnosis of IAC.
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Shibata M, Matsubayashi H, Aramaki T, Uesaka K, Tsutsumi N, Sasaki K, Ono H. A case of IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor replaced by an abscess after steroid treatment. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:89. [PMID: 27484098 PMCID: PMC4970241 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare disease which often mimics a malignant tumor and is therefore often misdiagnosed and surgically resected. Recently, a concept of IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) has been proposed that is becoming widely recognized and includes IgG4-related hepatic IPT. Corticosteroids are widely accepted as the standard treatment. CASE PRESENTATION A 72-year-old Japanese man, who had been followed for ten years after surgery and chemotherapy for treatment of hilar and lower bile duct cancers, developed intermittent fever and abdominal pain and visited this hospital. Blood examinations revealed an inflammatory reaction, worsened glucose intolerance, and an increased level of serum IgG4 (137 mg/dL). Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 5 cm-sized mass in hepatic segment 7. Because of his cancer history, not only was a benign mass suspected, but there was also the possibility of a recurrent biliary malignancy. Liver biopsy was performed and the histology met the criteria for IgG4-related IPT. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated and his symptoms quickly resolved. However, two months later, a repeat CT demonstrated that the hepatic mass had been replaced by an abscess. The abscess was initially refractory, despite tapering corticosteroid treatment, controlling diabetes by intensive insulin therapy, administration of antibiotics, and percutaneous abscess drainage. Finally, after six months, the condition resolved. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of hepatic IPT is sometimes difficult. To differentiate it from a malignant tumor, histological examination is necessary. Although corticosteroids are recognized as the standard therapy, unexpected and critical complications can develop in cases of IgG4-related hepatic IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shibata
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsubayashi
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Aramaki
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ono
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
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Hamzaoui L, Medhioub M, Mahmoudi M, Chelbi E, Bouzaidi K, Msadak Azouz M. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Presse Med 2016; 45:804-7. [PMID: 27476013 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Hamzaoui
- Hôpital Mohamed Tahar Maamouri, service de gastroentérologie, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université Tunis-El Manar, faculté de médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mouna Medhioub
- Hôpital Mohamed Tahar Maamouri, service de gastroentérologie, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université Tunis-El Manar, faculté de médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Mahmoudi
- Hôpital Mohamed Tahar Maamouri, service de gastroentérologie, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université Tunis-El Manar, faculté de médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Hôpital Mohamed Tahar Maamouri, service d'anatomopathologie, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université Tunis-El Manar, faculté de médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Bouzaidi
- Hôpital Mohamed Tahar Maamouri, service de radiologie, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université Tunis-El Manar, faculté de médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Msadak Azouz
- Hôpital Mohamed Tahar Maamouri, service de gastroentérologie, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université Tunis-El Manar, faculté de médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Liu X, Yang Z, Tan H, Shao C, Liu L, Si S, Xu L, Sun Y. Differentiation of benign and malignant hilar bile duct stenosis. J Surg Res 2016; 203:275-82. [PMID: 27363632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to differentiate benign and malignant hilar bile duct stenosis may lead to inappropriate treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the methods for differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 53 patients with hilar bile duct stenosis were included, comprising 41 malignant cases (hilar cholangiocarcinoma) and 12 benign cases (six primary sclerosing cholangitis and six IgG4-associated sclerosing cholangitis). Data of clinical histories, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and liver pathologies were collected, and comparison was made between benign and malignant groups. RESULTS Compared with malignant group, patients in the benign group were more likely to have multiorgan involvement of clinical histories (P < 0.001). There was no difference on bilirubin, liver enzyme, and serum tumor marker between the two groups, whereas serum IgG4 levels were higher in the benign group (P = 0.003). Patients in the benign group were more likely to have pancreatic changes (P < 0.001) and multiple-segmental bile duct stenosis (P < 0.001) on imaging. Compared with the malignant group, patients in the benign group were more likely to show severe periportal inflammation in noninvolved liver (P < 0.001), fibrosis around intrahepatic bile duct (P < 0.001), and more IgG4-positive plasma cells (P < 0.001) on liver pathology. CONCLUSIONS Benign lesion should be considered for patients with history of multiorgan involvement, pancreas changes, or multiple-segmental bile duct stenosis on imaging. Liver biopsy could be helpful for differential diagnosis before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haidong Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Si
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li J, Ma JM, Ge X. Role of IgG4 serology in identifying common orbital lymphoproliferative disorders. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:275-7. [PMID: 26949650 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.02.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of IgG4 serology in identifying common orbital lymphoproliferative disorders. METHODS Eighty-one patients with orbital lymphoproliferative diseases were treated in the Department of Ocular Oncology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University between September 2010 and December 2012. Serum IgG4 levels were measured in 46 cases of idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (IOIP), 17 benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL), 12 cases of orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and 6 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) using immuno-scatter turbidmetry (ISTM). RESULTS The frequency of elevated IgG4 levels in patients with IOIP, BLEL, MALT, and DLBL was 30.43% (14/46), 76.47% (13/17), 8.33% (1/12), and 0.00 (0/6), respectively. Among the patients with elevated serum IgG4 levels, all IgG-IOIP patients were male, and 92.31% of the IgG4-BLEL patients were female (12/13). The mean serum IgG4 level of IgG4-IOIP patients was lower than that of individuals with IgG4-BLEL, but the variation in serum IgG4 levels was larger in IgG4-IOIP than IgG4-BLEL patients. Only one case of IgG4-MALT with elevated serum IgG4 levels had a medical history >10y, which was significantly longer than the MALT patients with normal serum IgG4 levels. There was no significant elevation of serum IgG4 levels in patients with DLBL. CONCLUSION Detecting serum IgG4 levels plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of orbital lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Min Ma
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
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Honmyo N, Kobayashi T, Tashiro H, Ishiyama K, Ide K, Tahara H, Ohira M, Kuroda S, Arihiro K, Ohdan H. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver occurring during the course of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 20:96-100. [PMID: 26826935 PMCID: PMC4818301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of IPT of the liver during the course of HCC treatment is rare. IPT of the liver may resemble moderately differentiated HCC on dynamic enhanced CT. Hepatic IPT may be associated with latent inflammatory reactions to HCV activity despite negative HCV-RNA. Hepatectomy should be considered for a hepatic lesion suspected as HCC but may be IPT.
Introduction Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare and benign disease that has a good prognosis. It is often difficult to distinguish IPT from hepatic malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), because specific clinical symptoms are absent and the diseases’ radiological findings can be similar. IPT is particularly difficult to distinguish from HCC in livers with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis. We report a case of IPT of the liver that mimicked HCV-related HCC recurrence. Presentation of case A 78-year-old asymptomatic Japanese man who had undergone hepatectomy for HCV-related HCCs (moderately differentiated type) in segments 7 and 5 four and a half years previously was referred to our hospital for treatment of a 30-mm enhanced tumor in segment 5 (a typical HCC pattern). The tumor was identified via abdominal dynamic computed tomography (CT) and CT with hepatic arteriography and arterial portography. Thereafter, liver segmentectomy 5 was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was a 10-mm IPT of the liver. After 1.5 years, magnetic resonance imaging revealed two new enhanced lesions in segment 8, which showed the typical pattern of HCC. Because these lesions grew in size for 3 months, liver segmentectomy 8 was performed for HCC recurrence. Histopathological examination showed that both lesions were HCCs. Conclusion HCV-related HCC has a high rate of multicentric recurrence. Our experience suggests that, when a hepatic lesion is suspected to be HCC, surgical resection should be considered for curative treatment and to rule out malignancy, even if the lesion may be an IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhiko Honmyo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Tashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Al-Hussaini H, Azouz H, Abu-Zaid A. Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor presenting in an 8-year-old boy: A case report and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8730-8738. [PMID: 26229415 PMCID: PMC4515854 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors are uncommon benign lesions. Accurately diagnosing hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor can be very challenging because the clinical presentation and radiological appearances are nonspecific and cannot be certainly distinguished from malignant neoplastic processes. Herein, we present a case of hepatic IPT in an 8-year-old boy who presented to clinic with a 3-mo history of a tender hepatic mass, fever of unknown origin, and 9-kg weight loss. The physical examination was notable for tender hepatomegaly. Laboratory investigations were notable for a normal hepatic profile and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. A T2-attenuated magnetic resonance imaging scan of the abdomen showed a 4.7 cm × 4.7 cm × 6.6 cm, contrast-enhancing, hyper-intense, well-defined lesion involving the right hepatic lobe. In view of the unremitting symptoms, tender hepatomegaly, thrombosed right hepatic vein, nonspecific radiological findings, and high suspicion of a deep-seated underlying infection or malignancy, a right hepatic lobectomy was recommended. Microscopically, the hepatic lesion exhibited a mixture of inflammatory cells (histiocytes, plasma cells, mature lymphocytes, and occasional multinucleated giant cells) in a background of dense fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemically, the cells stained negative for SMA, ALK-1, CD-21 and CD-23, diffusely positive for CD-68, and focally positive for IgG4. The final histopathological diagnosis was consistent with hepatic IPT. At the postoperative 4-mo follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic without radiological evidence of recurrence.
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Yang X, Miao R, Yang H, Chi T, Jiang C, Wan X, Xu Y, Xu H, Du S, Lu X, Mao Y, Zhong S, Zhao H, Sang X. Retrospective and comparative study of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:885-90. [PMID: 25387431 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver (IMTL) is a very rare benign disease with a good prognosis. The study aims to determine the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of IMTL. The diagnosis and treatment strategies were discussed. METHODS A total of 11 patients with pathologically confirmed IMTL receiving treatment over a 15-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The analysis included demographics information and pertinent clinical data. Results obtained from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), and metastatic liver cancer (MLC) receiving surgical resection were compared. RESULTS In comparison to HCC, IHCC, and MLC, IMTL has an earlier onset (P < 0.001). IMTL patients had significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.003) and higher alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.034) than HCC patients, and higher gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.010) than MLC patients. Increased serum α-fetoprotein level was detected in only one patient. Serum α-fetoprotein was significantly lower in patients with IMTL (P = 0.000) than in those with HCC but not IHCC (P = 0.558) or MLC (P = 0.514). In contrast to elevated serum CA19-9 in patients with HCC/IHCC/MLC, the serum CA19-9 in IMTL cases was generally normal (vs HCC P = 0.008; vs IHCC P = 0.000; vs MLC P = 0.022). In nine IMTL patients, the tumor appeared as a hypoechogenic solid mass on the ultrasonography. In contrast, most patients with HCC, IHCC, or MLC showed hybrid echo. In contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the lesion of IMTL and MLC appeared as peripheral enhancement. CONCLUSION Lab tests, imaging features, and patient history are helpful in the differential diagnosis of IMTL from HCC/IHCC/MLC. Surgical resection is curative for IMTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
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Leung HHW, Cho CCM, Chan AWH. A pancreatic mass with multiple hepatic lesions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:e3-4. [PMID: 25148762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard H W Leung
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen C M Cho
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hastir D, Verset L, Lucidi V, Demetter P. IgG4 positive lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory pseudotumour mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2014; 34:961. [PMID: 24118880 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delfyne Hastir
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Yoshiya S, Ikegami T, Yoshizumi T, Wang H, Harada N, Yamashita YI, Nishie A, Shirabe K, Oda Y, Maehara Y. Fairly rare de novo inflammatory pseudotumor in a graft after living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:616-8. [PMID: 24458763 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshiya
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kang T, Kim S, Jang K, Choi D, Choi J, Park C. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the liver: Gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI findings with 18F-FDG PET/CT and clinical significance of regression on follow-up. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:509-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Park JY, Choi MS, Lim YS, Park JW, Kim SU, Min YW, Gwak GY, Paik YH, Lee JH, Koh KC, Paik SW, Yoo BC. Clinical features, image findings, and prognosis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: a multicenter experience of 45 cases. Gut Liver 2013; 8:58-63. [PMID: 24516702 PMCID: PMC3916688 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2014.8.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare disease characterized by chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of IPT remain uncertain. Methods Clinical features, image findings, and outcomes of 55 patients with histologically proven IPT were evaluated. Results They consisted of 26 men and 19 women with median age of 65 years. Serum carcinoembryonal antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were normal in 42 patients (93.3%). Enhanced CT scans indicated poorly defined peripheral enhancement (82.5%) at the arterial phase and poorly defined hyperattenuating lesions with internal hypoattenuating areas at the equilibrium phase (77.0%). Gadolinium-enhancement MRI revealed poorly defined peripheral rim-like enhancement (77.8%). Ten patients underwent surgical resection and 35 were treated conservatively with or without antibiotics. No recurrence was noted after surgical resection during follow-up (1 to 48 months). In all patients who received conservative treatment, complete resolution or size reduction was noted during follow-up (1 to 192 months). Conclusions CT and MRI provide clues to the diagnosis of IPT in patients with liver masses and normal tumor markers. However, due to the lack of pathognomonic findings, the clinician's suspicion and histological diagnosis are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis of IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Seok Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Won Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Won Min
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Han Paik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hyoek Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Cheol Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yoo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee YS, Lee SH, Lee MG, Lee SJ, Hwang JH, Shin E, Lee YJ. Immunoglobulin g4-related disease mimicking unresectable gallbladder cancer. Gut Liver 2013; 7:616-20. [PMID: 24073322 PMCID: PMC3782679 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.5.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a novel disease entity that can involve diverse organs, causing specific diseases, including autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, inflammatory aortic aneurysm, and inflammatory pseudotumor. IgG4-related disease is characterized by elevated serum IgG4 concentrations, abundant IgG4 lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and dramatic steroid responses. It is clinically important to differentiate this rare disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma, because the treatment and prognosis of these two diseases are completely different. However, the preoperative diagnosis is challenging, and the disease is frequently misdiagnosed. If the serum level of IgG4 is within the normal range, the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease is more difficult. This article reports on a 59-year-old man with IgG4-related disease mimicking unresectable gallbladder cancer with normal serum IgG4 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Karlas T, Mössner J, Keim V. A 44-year-old patient with fever, night sweats, and arthralgia. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:e1-e3. [PMID: 23727482 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karlas
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Neurology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Neurology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Keim
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Neurology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Unit, Leipzig, Germany
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Sharma SG, Vlase HL, D'Agati VD. IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis with plasma cell-rich renal arteritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2012. [PMID: 23206533 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related tubulointerstitial nephritis is a newly recognized clinicopathologic entity that may occur as an isolated renal lesion or as part of a multisystem disorder. It is characterized by plasma cell-rich interstitial nephritis with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells and IgG-dominant tubulointerstitial immune deposits. We report the first case of IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis with multifocal plasma cell-rich renal arteritis presenting as acute kidney injury in a 72-year-old man. Seven weeks of prednisone therapy led to nearly complete recovery of kidney function. This case enlarges the morphologic spectrum of this disorder and emphasizes the need to distinguish it from other causes of renal vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree G Sharma
- Department of Pathology of Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Ozer Cakir O, Ataseven H, Biyik M, Gungor G, Demir A. Autoimmune Cholangiopathy followed with the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2012. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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