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Matsui F, Inaba M, Uchida K, Nishio A, Fukui T, Yoshimura H, Satake A, Yoshioka K, Nomura S, Okazaki K. Induction of PIR-A/B + DCs in the in vitro inflammatory condition and their immunoregulatory function. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:1131-1141. [PMID: 29508072 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs), primary antigen-presenting cells, are now well known as an immunoregulator of many aspects of immune responses including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We have reported that PIR-A/Bhigh cDCs (conventional DCs) appeared in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and serve as a negative immunoregulator in an animal model of IBD. The immunoregulatory role of PIR-A/B+ cDCs was confirmed in both an in vitro culture system and an in vivo transfer experiment. Here, we have investigated the differentiation process of PIR-A/B+ cDCs in an in vitro inflammatory environment and examined their functions. METHODS cDCs were isolated from the large intestinal lamina propria from C57BL/6 mice and cultured in an inflammatory environment (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, and LPS). The appearance of PIR-A/B+ cDCs was determined after 24 h, and the in vitro-induced PIR-A/B+ cDCs were functionally and genetically examined. RESULTS PIR-A/B+ cDCs were detected after a 24-h culture only in the inflammatory environment, and the cells acted as a negative immunoregulator when examined in an allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). The message level of IL-27 was highly upregulated in PIR-A/B+ cDCs, while that of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) was downregulated in these cells. This was well in accordance with the fact that PIR-A/B+ cDCs showed a suppressive function against activated T cells. We found that PIR-A/B+ cDCs produced IL-27, as verified by an ELISA assay, and that the inhibitory effect by PIR-A/B+ cDCs was, at least partially, due to IL-27. Furthermore, CD85d+ cells, a human counterpart of mouse PIR-A/B+ cDCs, were found in the lamina propria of the colon of the patients with ulcerative colitis, but not in the similar part of the non-inflammatory area of colon specimens from patients with colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS PIR-A/B+ cDCs induced in an in vitro inflammatory environment model showed a suppressive function against activated T cells by producing an inhibitory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Matsui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Muneo Inaba
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yoshimura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satake
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshioka
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shosaku Nomura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
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Increased Expression of Interleukin-36, a Member of the Interleukin-1 Cytokine Family, in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:303-14. [PMID: 26752465 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-36 (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) is a recently reported member of the IL-1 cytokine family. In this study, we investigated IL-36 expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and characterized the proinflammatory actions of IL-36 cytokines in human colonic epithelial cells. METHODS IL-36 mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. IL-36 protein expression was analyzed using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical technique. Intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated by immunoblotting and by specific siRNA-transfected cells. RESULTS The mRNA expression of IL-36α and IL-36γ, but not of IL-36β, was enhanced in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, in particular, in ulcerative colitis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that T cells, monocytes, and plasma cells are the source of IL-36α and IL-36γ in colonic mucosa. DNA microarray analysis indicated that IL-36α induces the mRNA expression of CXC chemokines and acute phase proteins in intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells. IL-36α and IL-36γ dose-dependently and time-dependently induced the mRNA and protein expression of CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 etc.) in HT-29 and Widr cells. Stimulation with IL-36α and IL-36γ assembled MyD88 adaptor proteins (MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK1, and TAK1) into a complex and induced the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 and also the phosphorylation of MAPKs. MAPK inhibitors and siRNAs specific for NF-κB and c-Jun AP-1 significantly reduced IL-36-induced CXC chemokine expression. CONCLUSIONS IL-36α and IL-36γ may play a proinflammatory role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease through induction of CXC chemokines and acute phase proteins.
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Kanda T, Nishida A, Takahashi K, Hidaka K, Imaeda H, Inatomi O, Bamba S, Sugimoto M, Andoh A. Interleukin(IL)-36α and IL-36γ Induce Proinflammatory Mediators from Human Colonic Subepithelial Myofibroblasts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:69. [PMID: 26442271 PMCID: PMC4585048 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are recently reported member of the IL-1 cytokine family. However, there is little information regarding the association between IL-36 cytokines and gut inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the biological activity of IL-36α and IL-36γ using human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs). METHODS The mRNA expression and the protein expression of target molecules in SEMFs were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The intracellular signaling of IL-36 cytokines was analyzed using Western blot analysis and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for MyD88 adaptor proteins (MyD88 and IRAK1) and NF-κB p65. RESULTS IL-36α and IL-36γ significantly enhanced the secretion of IL-6 and CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8) by SEMFs. The combination of IL-36α/γ and IL-17A or of IL-36α/γ and tumor necrosis factor-α showed a synergistic effect on the induction of IL-6 and CXC chemokines. The mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators induced by IL-36α and/or IL-36γ was significantly suppressed by transfection of siRNA for MyD88 or IRAK1. Both inhibitors of mitogen activated protein kinases and siRNAs specific for NF-κBp65 significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and CXC chemokines induced by IL-36α and/or IL-36γ. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-36α and IL-36γ contribute to gut inflammation through the induction of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kanda
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Hidaka
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Imaeda
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | | | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
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