1
|
Kusunoki M, Hayashi M, Shoji T, Uba T, Tanaka H, Sumi C, Matsuo Y, Hirota K. Propofol inhibits stromatoxin-1-sensitive voltage-dependent K + channels in pancreatic β-cells and enhances insulin secretion. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8157. [PMID: 31824770 PMCID: PMC6894434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proper glycemic control is an important goal of critical care medicine, including perioperative patient care that can influence patients’ prognosis. Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is generally assumed to play a critical role in glycemic control in response to an elevated blood glucose concentration. Many animal and human studies have demonstrated that perioperative drugs, including volatile anesthetics, have an impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, the effects of the intravenous anesthetic propofol on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity are largely unknown at present. Methods The effect of propofol on insulin secretion under low glucose or high glucose was examined in mouse MIN6 cells, rat INS-1 cells, and mouse pancreatic β-cells/islets. Cellular oxygen or energy metabolism was measured by Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), potassium channels, and insulin mRNA was assessed by qRT-PCR. Protein expression of voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv2) was also assessed by immunoblot. Propofol’s effects on potassium channels including stromatoxin-1-sensitive Kv channels and cellular oxygen and energy metabolisms were also examined. Results We showed that propofol, at clinically relevant doses, facilitates insulin secretion under low glucose conditions and GSIS in MIN6, INS-1 cells, and pancreatic β-cells/islets. Propofol did not affect intracellular ATP or ADP concentrations and cellular oxygen or energy metabolism. The mRNA expression of GLUT2 and channels including the voltage-dependent calcium channels Cav1.2, Kir6.2, and SUR1 subunit of KATP, and Kv2 were not affected by glucose or propofol. Finally, we demonstrated that propofol specifically blocks Kv currents in β-cells, resulting in insulin secretion in the presence of glucose. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that glucose induces membrane depolarization at the distal site, leading to KATP channel closure, and that the closure of Kv channels by propofol depolarization in β-cells enhances Ca2+ entry, leading to insulin secretion. Because its activity is dependent on GSIS, propofol and its derivatives are potential compounds that enhance and initiate β-cell electrical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kusunoki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Mikio Hayashi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shoji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takeo Uba
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Chisato Sumi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Djuric M, Nikolic Turnic T, Kostic S, Radonjic K, Jeremic J, Petkovic A, Bradic J, Milosavljevic I, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Djuric D, Jakovljevic V, Stevanovic P. Inhibition of gasotransmitters production and calcium influx affect cardiodynamic variables and cardiac oxidative stress in propofol-anesthetized male Wistar rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:850-856. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been assumed that the cardioprotective effects of propofol are due to its non-anesthetic pleiotropic cardiac and vasodilator effects, in which gasotransmitters (NO, H2S, and CO) as well as calcium influx could be involved. The study on isolated rat heart was performed using 4 experimental groups (n = 7 in each): (1) bolus injection of propofol (100 mg/kg body mass, i.p.); (2) L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 60 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol; (3) DL-PAG (H2S synthase inhibitor, 50 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol; (4) ZnPPIX (CO synthase inhibitor, 50 μmol/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol. Before and after the verapamil (3 μmol/L) administration, cardiodynamic parameters were recorded (dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, systolic left ventricular pressure, diastolic left ventricular pressure, heart rate, coronary flow), as well as coronary and cardiac oxidative stress parameters. The results showed significant increases of diastolic left ventricular pressure following NO and CO inhibition, but also increases of coronary flow following H2S and CO inhibition. Following verapamil administration, significant decreases of dp/dtmax were noted after NO and CO inhibition, then increase of diastolic left ventricular pressure following CO inhibition, and increase of coronary flow following NO, H2S, or CO inhibition. Oxidative stress markers were increased but catalase activity was significantly decreased in cardiac tissue. Gasotransmitters and calcium influx are involved in pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of propofol in male Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Djuric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T. Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - S. Kostic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K. Radonjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J. Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - A. Petkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J. Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I. Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I. Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - V. Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - D. Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - P. Stevanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen Y, Chang D, Zhang X, Chang T, Wang Q, Liu T, Gao L. Molecular mechanisms of the sedation and analgesia induced by xylazine on Wistar rats and PC12 cell. Exp Anim 2019; 68:351-360. [PMID: 30956255 PMCID: PMC6699970 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In veterinary clinics, xylazine is commonly used as a sedative, analgesic agent that produces muscle relaxation. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of action of xylazine both in vivo and in vitro. After determing the optimal dose of xylazine, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=5 per group), including a control group (saline) and xylazine administration groups. Then, at six time points after xylazine administration indicators were evaluated for changes. Moreover, PC12 cells were co-cultured with xylazine, and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) siRNA and protein kinase A (PKA) siRNA were transfected into cells to identify changes of relevant indicators. Our data showed that xylazine influenced the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and regulated the expression of GluR1, ERK, PKA, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nervous system. However, xylazine did not significantly affect the expression of GluR2 and protein kinase C (PKC). Together, these results indicated that xylazine might exert sedation and analgesia by regulating the PKA/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Daiyue Chang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tian Chang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang J, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Chen B, Sun X, Su L, Liu Z. Effects of propofol on damage of rat intestinal epithelial cells induced by heat stress and lipopolysaccharides. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:507-12. [PMID: 23802227 PMCID: PMC3854439 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-derived endotoxin and pathogenic bacteria have been proposed as important causative factors of morbidity and death during heat stroke. However, it is still unclear what kind of damage is induced by heat stress. In this study, the rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) was treated with heat stress or a combination of heat stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, propofol, which plays an important role in anti-inflammation and organ protection, was applied to study its effects on cellular viability and apoptosis. Heat stress, LPS, or heat stress combined with LPS stimulation can all cause intestinal epithelial cell damage, including early apoptosis and subsequent necrosis. However, propofol can alleviate injuries caused by heat stress, LPS, or the combination of heat stress and LPS. Interestingly, propofol can only mitigate LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, and has no protective role in heat-stress-induced apoptosis. This study developed a model that can mimic the intestinal heat stress environment. It demonstrates the effects on intestinal epithelial cell damage, and indicated that propofol could be used as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of heat-stress-induced intestinal injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tang
- Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Guangzhou, China, Department of Anesthesia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang J, Deng P, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Chen B, Su L, Liu Z. Role of HMGB1 in propofol protection of rat intestinal epithelial cells injured by heat shock. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:262-6. [PMID: 23364923 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut-derived endotoxin and pathogenic bacteria may be important causative factors of morbidity and death during heat stroke. However, as the key component of intestinal mucosal barrier, the molecular mechanism of how intestinal epithelial cells are injured by heat shock is remains unclear. After rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) had been exposed to heat shock, their viability was measured. Propofol, which plays an important role in anti-inflammation and organ protection, was investigated to see how it affected viability under this stress. Changes of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in IEC-6 cells were measured with RT-PCR and Western blot assay at transcription and translational levels, respectively. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a specific inhibitor of HMGB1 that can inhibit the release of HMGB1 without affecting its intracellular synthesis, was also investigated. Heat shock significantly reduced the intracellular level of HMGB1, and propofol inhibit its reduction. Propofol protected the heat shock-injured cells, at least partly through inhibiting the release of intracellular HMGB1 to reduce the direct or indirect cell damage caused by HMGB1. Pretreatment with high concentrations of EP also attenuated heat-shock injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ashrafpour M, Babaei JF, Saghiri R, Sepehri H, Sharifi H. Modulation of the hepatocyte rough endoplasmic reticulum single chloride channel by nucleotide-Mg2+ interaction. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:175-82. [PMID: 22684478 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nucleotides on single chloride channels derived from rat hepatocyte rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicles incorporated into bilayer lipid membrane was investigated. The single chloride channel currents were measured in 200/50 mmol/l KCl cis/trans solutions. Adding 2.5 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) did not influence channel activity. However, MgATP addition inhibited the chloride channels by decreasing the channel open probability (Po) and current amplitude, whereas mixture of Mg(2+) and ADP activated the chloride channel by increasing the Po and unitary current amplitude. According to the results, there is a novel regulation mechanism for rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) Cl(-) channel activity by intracellular MgATP and mixture of Mg(2+) and ADP that would result in significant inhibition by MgATP and activation by mixture of Mg(2+) and ADP. These modulatory effects of nucleotide-Mg(2+) complexes on chloride channels may be dependent on their chemical structure configuration. It seems that Mg-nucleotide-ion channel interactions are involved to produce a regulatory response for RER chloride channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ashrafpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kitamura T, Sato K, Kawamura G, Yamada Y. The involvement of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the different effects of sevoflurane and propofol on glucose metabolism in fed rats. Anesth Analg 2011; 114:110-6. [PMID: 22127813 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182373552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported marked differences in the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on glucose metabolism; glucose use is impaired by sevoflurane, but not by propofol. Opening of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) in β islet cells attenuates insulin secretion, while inhibition of K(ATP) channels in β islet cells increases insulin secretion. It is reported that volatile anesthetics open K(ATP) channels, whereas propofol inhibits K(ATP) channels. In this study, we examined the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on glucose metabolism under normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions, focusing on insulin secretion. METHODS Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (3% in 1 L/min oxygen) in all rats. After surgical preparation, rats were assigned to 2 groups. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (2% in 1 L/min oxygen) in the 1st group, and with propofol (a bolus dose of 30 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 30 mg · kg(-1) · h(-1)) in the 2nd group. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups: rats without pretreatment, rats pretreated with glibenclamide, and rats pretreated with nicorandil. After a 30-minute stabilization period, we withdrew 15 mL/kg of blood to induce hypovolemia. We evaluated glucose metabolism under both normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions by measuring blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels. RESULTS Under both normovolemia and hypovolemia, glucose levels in rats anesthetized with sevoflurane were significantly higher than those in rats anesthetized with propofol, and insulin levels in rats anesthetized with sevoflurane were significantly lower than those in rats anesthetized with propofol. Glibenclamide, a K(ATP) channel inhibitor, significantly decreased glucose levels and significantly increased insulin levels under sevoflurane anesthesia, suggesting that sevoflurane decreases insulin secretion by opening K(ATP) channels in β islet cells. Glibenclamide significantly decreased glucose levels and significantly increased insulin levels under propofol anesthesia as well; however, insulin levels in rats pretreated with glibenclamide under propofol anesthesia were much higher than those in rats pretreated with glibenclamide under sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, insulin levels in rats without pretreatment under propofol anesthesia seemed to be equal to or higher than those in rats pretreated with glibenclamide under sevoflurane anesthesia. These results suggest that there are marked differences in the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on insulin secretion regulated by K(ATP) channels in β islet cells. Nicorandil, a K(ATP) channel opener, produced no significant effects on glucose metabolism under both sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS Insulin secretion regulated by K(ATP) channels in β islet cells is involved, at least in part, in the different effects of sevoflurane and propofol on glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kitamura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Q, Kong AL, Chen R, Qian C, Liu SW, Sun BG, Wang LX, Song LS, Hong J. Propofol and arrhythmias: two sides of the coin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:817-23. [PMID: 21642950 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypnotic agent propofol is effective for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. However, recent studies have shown that propofol administration is related to arrhythmias. Propofol displays both pro- and anti-arrhythmic effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Data indicate that propofol can convert supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia and may inhibit the conduction system of the heart. The mechanism of the cardiac effects remains poorly defined and may involve ion channels, the autonomic nervous system and cardiac gap junctions. Specifically, sodium, calcium and potassium currents in cardiac cells are suppressed by clinically relevant concentrations of propofol. Propofol shortens the action potential duration (APD) but lessens the ischemia-induced decrease in the APD. Furthermore, propofol suppresses both sympathetic and parasympathetic tone and preserves gap junctions during ischemia. All of these effects cumulatively contribute to the antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic properties of propofol.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasileiou I, Xanthos T, Koudouna E, Perrea D, Klonaris C, Katsargyris A, Papadimitriou L. Propofol: A review of its non-anaesthetic effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 605:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|