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Srinivasa NK, Mishra RK, Bhadrinarayan V, Kulanthaivelu K. Hippocampal volume and recovery profile following propofol sedation in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging: An exploratory study. Saudi J Anaesth 2024; 18:12-16. [PMID: 38313727 PMCID: PMC10833008 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_108_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Reduction in the hippocampal volume may contribute to agitated and delayed emergence after anesthesia in epilepsy surgery. We hypothesized that hippocampal volume and the duration of various recovery parameters after a short duration of sedation may be correlated. The primary objective was to evaluate the correlation between hippocampal volumes with time to recovery after the stoppage of propofol infusion. Methods After obtaining Institute Ethical Clearance, we included all children of the age group 5-17 years, who needed sedation for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for at least 20-60 minutes for the evaluation of epilepsy. The hippocampal volume was estimated bilaterally in the pre-contrast volumetric magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) brain imaging by the radiologist using statistical parametric mapping. The correlation of hippocampal volume with recovery and time to discharge (assessed by the modified Aldrete score (MAS)) was obtained using Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho). A rho > ± 0.5 was considered a good correlation between the variables. Results Data on a total of 18 children (10 males and 8 females) who required sedation for an MRI were studied over a period of six months. The correlation coefficients of right and left corrected hippocampal volumes with time to spontaneous eye opening were -0.052 and -0.195, respectively. The correlation coefficients of right and left corrected hippocampal volumes with time to respond to oral commands were -0.017 and -0.219, respectively. Conclusion There was a weak negative correlation between hippocampal volumes and recovery parameters after a short duration of sedation with propofol in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Varadarajan Bhadrinarayan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Kulanthaivelu
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Venkatraghavan L, Bhardwaj S, Banik S, Chowdhury T, McAndrews MP, Valiante T. Emergence Patterns from General Anesthesia after Epilepsy Surgery: An Observational Pilot Study. Asian J Neurosurg 2023; 18:516-521. [PMID: 38152514 PMCID: PMC10749865 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Emergence from anesthesia starts from the limbic structures and then spreads outwards to brainstem, reticular activating systems, and then to the cortex. Epilepsy surgery often involves resection of limbic structures and hence may disrupt the pattern of emergence. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern of emergence from anesthesia following epilepsy surgery and to determine associated variables affecting the emergence pattern. Setting and Design Tertiary care center, prospective observational study. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective observation pilot study on adult patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy for epilepsy. Anesthesia management was standardized in all patients, and they were allowed to wake up with "no touch" technique. Primary outcome of the study was the pattern of emergence (normal emergence, agitated emergence, or slow emergence) from anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were to explore the differences in preoperative neuropsychological profile and limbic structure volumes between the different patterns of emergence. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t -test. Qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Results Twenty-nine patients completed the study: 9 patients (31%) had agitated emergence, and 20 patients had normal emergence. Among the agitated emergence, 2 patients had Riker scale of 7 indicating violent emergence. Patient demographics, anesthetic used, neuropsychological profile, and limbic structure volumes were similar between normal emergence and agitated emergence groups. However, two patients who had severe agitation (Riker scale of 7) had the lowest intelligence quotient. Conclusion Our pilot study showed that emergence agitation is not uncommon in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. However, due to smaller sample size, the role of preoperative neuropsychologic profile and hippocampal volumes in predicting the pattern of emergence is inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lashmi Venkatraghavan
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suparna Bhardwaj
- Department of Neuro Anaesthesia & Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujoy Banik
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Tumul Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Department of Neuropsychology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Taufik Valiante
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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HDAC6 Inhibition Alleviates Anesthesia and Surgery-Induced Less Medial Prefrontal-Dorsal Hippocampus Connectivity and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6158-6169. [PMID: 35882756 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the impairment of medial prefrontal cortex-hippocampus connectivity. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction frequently affects elderly following surgery. The role of inter-brain-region connectivity abnormality after anesthesia and surgery on postoperative cognitive dysfunction development remains unclear. Medial prefrontal cortex-hippocampus connectivity of aged and adult rats was evaluated by injecting neurotracer biotinylated dextranamine (BDA) into bilateral hippocampus 3 days before partial hepatectomy, and biotinylated dextranamine positive cells of medial prefrontal cortex 2 days after hepatectomy were counted. HDAC6 shRNA was injected into medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus bilaterally before hepatectomy or an HDAC6 activity inhibitor Tubastatin A was administered systemically after hepatectomy. Neuroinflammation and HDAC6 down-target ac-tubulin in medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were detected. Learning and memory of rats were evaluated by Barnes Maze task during 2-5 days after surgery and delayed matching-to-place water maze task during 10-23 days after surgery. Compared to the age-matched normal controls, anesthesia and surgery significantly decreased BDA-positive neurons in medial prefrontal cortex of aged rats, but not young adult rats. Local HDAC6 knockdown and systemic HDAC6 inhibition both increased BDA-positive neurons number of medial prefrontal cortex, alleviated learning and memory impairment in the Barnes Maze task and water maze task, decreased HDAC6 expression, inflammatory cytokines, astrocyte and microglial activation, and increased ac-tubulin expression in aged rats which received surgery. Our data indicated that anesthesia and surgery impaired medial prefrontal cortex-hippocampus connectivity and cognition which was associated with HDAC6 overexpression.
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Yu L, Ji H, Zhou M, Guo Y, Liu J, Lei D, Han C, Ma T. ABCA7 rs3764650 Polymorphism is Associated with Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:301-309. [PMID: 35387413 PMCID: PMC8977477 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s352810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) gene variation is associated with cognitive impairment. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between ABCA7 rs3764650 polymorphism and perioperative neurocognitive disorder (pNCD). Methods A total of 132 elderly patients aged 65 and over who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery were enrolled in the study, while 28 healthy volunteers matching age and sex were recruited as the control group. A battery of neuropsychological tests was conducted 1 day before, 7 days, and 3 months after surgeries. Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) and postoperative mild or major neurocognitive disorder (POCD) were determined using the Z value method. The venous blood sample of the surgical patients was taken before the operation. Genotyping of rs3764650 was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The incidences of dNCR and POCD were 29.7% and 16.8% at 7 days and 3 months after surgery, respectively. The G allele frequency and GG frequency of dNCR patients were significantly higher than that of non-dNCR patients (43.3% vs 28.2%, P=0.035; 23.3% vs 4.2%, P=0.013, respectively) at 7 days following surgery. No significant differences in ABCA7 alleles between POCD and non-POCD patients were observed 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion ABCA7 rs3764650 gene polymorphism is associated with dNCR and GG genotype might be a predisposing factor for postoperative cognitive impairment in Chinese Han elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ji
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoyun Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214200, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chao Han, Email
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214200, People’s Republic of China
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Wu G, Jiang Z, Cai Y, Zhang X, Lv Y, Li S, Lin G, Bao Z, Liu S, Gu W. Multi-Order Brain Functional Connectivity Network-Based Machine Learning Method for Recognition of Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Adults Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:707944. [PMID: 34602967 PMCID: PMC8482874 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.707944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) seriously affects the post-operative recovery of elderly surgical patients, but there is still a lack of effective methods to recognize high-risk patients with DNR. This study proposed a machine learning method based on a multi-order brain functional connectivity (FC) network to recognize DNR. Method: Seventy-four patients who completed assessments were included in this study, in which 16/74 (21.6%) had DNR following surgery. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we first constructed low-order FC networks of 90 brain regions by calculating the correlation of brain region signal changing in the time dimension. Then, we established high-order FC networks by calculating correlations among each pair of brain regions. Afterward, we built sparse representation-based machine learning model to recognize DNR on the extracted multi-order FC network features. Finally, an independent testing was conducted to validate the established recognition model. Results: Three hundred ninety features of FC networks were finally extracted to identify DNR. After performing the independent-sample T test between these features and the categories, 15 features showed statistical differences (P < 0.05) and 3 features had significant statistical differences (P < 0.01). By comparing DNR and non-DNR patients’ brain region connection matrices, it is found that there are more connections among brain regions in DNR patients than in non-DNR patients. For the machine learning recognition model based on multi-feature combination, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the classifier reached 95.61, 92.00, 66.67, and 100.00%, respectively. Conclusion: This study not only reveals the significance of preoperative rs-fMRI in recognizing post-operative DNR in elderly patients but also establishes a promising machine learning method to recognize DNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoshun Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwu Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ma D, Liu J, Wei C, Shen W, Yang Y, Lin D, Wu A. Activation of CD200-CD200R1 Axis Attenuates Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Through Inhibition of Neuroinflammation in Mice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3190-3199. [PMID: 34392443 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is the mild cognitive impairment associated with surgery and anesthesia. It is a common surgical complication in the elderly. An important mechanism of PND is the surgically induced neuroinflammation. The interaction between the neuronal surface protein CD200 and its receptor in microglia, CD200R1, is an important regulatory pathway to control neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of the CD200-CD200R1 pathway in the acute period of PND has not been fully investigated. In this study, in a PND mouse model, we first measured the protein expression level of CD200, CD200R1, and the related pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Then, we investigated cognitive function, neuroinflammation and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) expression after the injection of CD200-Fc (agonist), CD200R1-Fc (antagonist) or IgG1-Fc (vehicle) into lateral ventricle in PND models. Compared with the control group, the expression of CD200 was up-regulated at day 1 after surgery in PND models. The injection of the CD200-Fc into the lateral ventricle could mitigate primed neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, increase the expression of PSD-95 at day 1 after surgery in PND models. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that CD200-CD200R1 signaling was involved in the acute inflammatory process of PND, and activating CD200R1 can inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuate PND. Thus, the CD200-CD200R1 axis is a potential novel target for PND prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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Madsen SS, Møller K, Olsen KS, Vestergaard MB, Lindberg U, Larsson HBW, Mårtensson J, Werner MU, Santos SAG, Asghar MS. Neuroplasticity induced by general anaesthesia: study protocol for a randomised cross-over clinical trial exploring the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on the brain - A 3-T magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy volunteers. Trials 2020; 21:805. [PMID: 32962743 PMCID: PMC7506820 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although used extensively worldwide, the effects of general anaesthesia on the human brain remain largely elusive. Moreover, general anaesthesia may contribute to serious conditions or adverse events such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium. To understand the basic mechanisms of general anaesthesia, this project aims to study and compare possible de novo neuroplastic changes induced by two commonly used types of general anaesthesia, i.e. inhalation anaesthesia by sevoflurane and intravenously administered anaesthesia by propofol. In addition, we wish to to explore possible associations between neuroplastic changes, neuropsychological adverse effects and subjective changes in fatigue and well-being. METHODS This is a randomised, participant- and assessor-blinded, cross-over clinical trial. Thirty healthy volunteers (male:female ratio 1:1) will be randomised to general anaesthesia by either sevoflurane or propofol. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain will be performed before and after general anaesthesia and repeated after 1 and 8 days. Each magnetic resonance imaging session will be accompanied by cognitive testing and questionnaires on fatigue and well-being. After a wash-out period of 4 weeks, the volunteers will receive the other type of anaesthetic (sevoflurane or propofol), followed by the same series of tests. Primary outcomes: changes in T1-weighted 3D anatomy and diffusion tensor imaging. SECONDARY OUTCOMES changes in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, fatigue, well-being, cognitive function, correlations between magnetic resonance imaging findings and the clinical outcomes (questionnaires and cognitive function). Exploratory outcomes: changes in cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism, lactate, and response to visual stimuli. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive and advanced series of studies with head-to-head comparison of two widely used methods for general anaesthesia. Recruitment was initiated in September 2019. TRIAL REGISTRATION Approved by the Research Ethics Committee in the Capital Region of Denmark, ref. H-18028925 (6 September 2018). EudraCT and Danish Medicines Agency: 2018-001252-35 (23 March 2018). www.clinicaltrials.gov , ID: NCT04125121 . Retrospectively registered on 10 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Sloth Madsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 15, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skovgaard Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Bitsch Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, entrance 5, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, entrance 5, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, entrance 5, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Johan Mårtensson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mads U. Werner
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, The Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Alexandra Gaspar Santos
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Sohail Asghar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Huang C, Mårtensson J, Gögenur I, Asghar MS. Exploring Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium in Noncardiac Surgery Using MRI: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1281657. [PMID: 29743884 PMCID: PMC5878869 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1281657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical patients are at high risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD). POCD and POD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and worsening functional outcomes leading to severe socioeconomic consequences for the patient and the society in general. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a unique opportunity to study the anatomy and function of the brain. MRI thus plays an important role in elucidating the neuronal component of POCD and POD. Our aim has been to systematically gather MRI findings that are related to POCD and POD. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO: MRI studies investigating patients with POCD as identified by perioperative cognitive testing or patients with delirium identified postoperatively by the Confusion Assessment Method. A total of ten eligible papers were included with a total of 269 surgical patients, 36 patient controls, and 55 healthy controls who all underwent MRI examination. These studies suggested that reduction of thalamic and hippocampal volumes and reduction of cerebral blood flow may be associated with POCD, while presurgery/preexisting and postoperative white matter pathology may be associated with POD. However, the evidence from these studies is rather weak. Future MRI studies are warranted to verify the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Huang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Sohail Asghar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cao M, Fang J, Wang X, Wang Y, Duan K, Ye F, Ouyang W, Tong J. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) aggravated postoperative cognitive dysfunction and pathogenesis in aged rats. Brain Res 2018; 1684:21-29. [PMID: 29408499 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The upstream signal molecule modulating neuro-inflammation and synaptic changes during the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is still elusive. Here, we examined the effects and mechanisms of energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the pathogenesis of POCD. Our data showed that surgery significantly increased the expression of p-AMPK in aged rats (p < 0.05), but not in adult rats (p > 0.05). Moreover, inhibiting AMPK activation via compound C during operation significantly improved surgery-induced impairment of the learning and memory of aged rats in water maze (p < 0.05). Further mechanism studies showed that corresponding to the impairment of learning and memory after surgery, surgery significantly increased the activation of microglia, decreased the expressions of NR2B and p-NR2B, and increased the expressions of Tau and p-Tau, which also were obviously restored by inhibiting AMPK during operation. In contrast, Inhibiting AMPK activation during operation didn't change ATP level in the hippocampus of aged rats after surgery. These data suggest that surgery induced activation of AMPK in hippocampus in an age-dependent manner. AMPK plays important roles in POCD of aged rats via multiple mechanisms, and is a possible molecular target for the prevention and treatment of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiakai Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Kaiming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Cell-penetrating interactomic inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B in a mouse model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13482. [PMID: 29044209 PMCID: PMC5647420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients experience impaired cognitive functioning after surgery, a phenomenon referred to as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Signs of POCD are closely associated with the development of systemic or hippocampal inflammation. However, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms of prevention/treatment options for POCD still remain unclear. After injury, the transcriptional factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is thought to regulate or stimulate inflammation amplification. Therefore, we designed a cell-penetrating fusion protein called nt-p65-TMD, which inhibits NF-κB p65 activation by translocating into the nucleus. In the present study, we discovered that nt-p65-TMD exerted effects on surgery-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Specifically, nt-p65-TMD exhibited strong immunoregulatory properties that were able to reduce surgery-induced elevations in cerebrovascular integrity impairment, subsequent peripheral immune-cell recruitment, and inflammation amplification, which ultimately lead to cognitive decline. The nt-p65-TMD has the unique ability to regulate and reduce systemic inflammation and inflammation amplification, suggesting a new strategy for preventing development of cognitive decline that occurs in POCD.
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Tang Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Duan S, Qing W, Chen G, Ye F, Le Y, Ouyang W. Pre-existing weakness is critical for the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice of the same age. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182471. [PMID: 28787017 PMCID: PMC5546624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is age-dependent and heterogenous. Factors deciding the occurrence of POCD in patients of the same age undergone same surgeries remain unclear. Here we investigated the effects of pre-existing weakness on the occurrence of POCD in mice of the same age. Pre-existing weakness of mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (8mg/kg) and was evaluated by physical frailty index (by open field test), neuroinflammation level (by Iba1 immunostaining and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β), and neuronal activity (by p-CREB immunostaining). POCD was induced by partial hepatolobectomy and was evaluated by puzzle box test and Morris water maze test. The brains were collected to detect the levels of neuroinflammation, synaptophysin and NMDA receptor subunits NR2A, NR2B and NR1 (by western blot), and oxidative stress (by Dihydroethidium). Compared to the normal adult mice of the same age, LPS pretreated mice had increased physical frailty index, higher levels of neuroinflammation, and lower neuronal activity. Partial hepatolobectomy induced obvious impairments in executive function, learning and memory in LPS pretreated mice after surgery, but not in normal mice of the same age. Partial hepatolobectomy also induced heightened neuroinflammation, obvious loss of NMDA receptor subunits, strong oxidative stress in LPS pretreated mice on the 1st and 3rd postoperative day. However, the POCD-associated pathological changes didn’t occur in normal mice of the same age after surgery. These results suggest that pre-existing weakness is critical for the occurrence of POCD in mice of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuibing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shangchun Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WO); (YL)
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WO); (YL)
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12
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Postoperative Structural Brain Changes and Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140655. [PMID: 26536672 PMCID: PMC4633203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the early response to surgery on brain structure and cognitive function in patients with breast cancer. It was hypothesized that the structure of the thalamus would change during the early response after surgery due to the effects of anesthesia and would represent one aspect of an intermediate phenotype of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods We examined 32 postmenopausal females with breast cancer and 20 age-matched controls. We assessed their cognitive function (attention, memory, and executive function), and performed brain structural MRI 1.5 ± 0.5 days before and 5.6 ± 1.2 days after surgery. Results We found a significant interaction between regional grey matter volume (rGMV) in the thalamus (P < 0.05, familywise error (FWE), small volume correction (SVC)) and one attention domain subtest (P = 0.001, Bonferroni correction) after surgery in the patient group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the changes in attention were significantly associated with sevoflurane anesthetic dose (r2 = 0.247, β = ‒0.471, P = 0.032) and marginally associated with rGMV changes in the thalamus (P = 0.07, FWE, SVC) in the Pt group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that alterations in brain structure, particularly in the thalamus, may occur shortly after surgery and may be associated with attentional dysfunction. This early postoperative response to anesthesia may represent an intermediate phenotype of POCD. It was assumed that patients experiencing other risk factors of POCD, such as the severity of surgery, the occurrence of complications, and pre-existing cognitive impairments, would develop clinical POCD with broad and multiple types of cognitive dysfunction.
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13
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Berger M, Nadler JW, Browndyke J, Terrando N, Ponnusamy V, Cohen HJ, Whitson HE, Mathew JP. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Minding the Gaps in Our Knowledge of a Common Postoperative Complication in the Elderly. Anesthesiol Clin 2015; 33:517-50. [PMID: 26315636 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. There is much interest in and controversy about POCD, reflected partly in the increasing number of articles published on POCD recently. Recent work suggests surgery may also be associated with cognitive improvement in some patients, termed postoperative cognitive improvement (POCI). As the number of surgeries performed worldwide approaches 250 million per year, optimizing postoperative cognitive function and preventing/treating POCD are major public health issues. In this article, we review the literature on POCD and POCI, and discuss current research challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Jacob W Nadler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey Browndyke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Niccolo Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vikram Ponnusamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Harvey Jay Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heather E Whitson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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14
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Li Y, Wang S, Ran K, Hu Z, Liu Z, Duan K. Differential hippocampal protein expression between normal aged rats and aged rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A proteomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2953-60. [PMID: 25936412 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the expression of hippocampal proteins between normal control aged rats and aged rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). A total of 24 aged rats were randomly divided into a surgery group (n=12) and a control group (n=12). The rats in the surgery group were treated with 2 h isoflurane anesthesia and splenectomy, while the rats in the control group received 40% oxygen for 2 h without surgery. The cognitive functions of the two groups were examined using a Y-maze test. The protein expression profiles of the hippocampus of six aged rats (three rats with POCD and three from the normal control group) were assessed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. A total of three differential proteins were further confirmed between the POCD rats and normal rats using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression levels of 21 proteins in the rats with POCD were significantly different compared with the normal control rats. These proteins were functionally clustered to synaptic plasticity (three proteins), oxidative stress (four proteins), energy production (six proteins), neuroinflammation (three proteins) and glutamate metabolism (two proteins). In addition, three proteins (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 and glutamine synthetase), associated with astrocytic function, were significantly different in the rats with POCD compared with those in the normal control (P<0.05). Similar changes in the mRNA expression levels of the three proteins in the hippocampi of POCD rats were also detected using RT-qPCR. Neuroinflammation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress were possibly involved in the pathological mechanism underlying POCD in aged rats. In addition, astrocytes may also be important in POCD in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kaiming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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15
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Berger M, Burke J, Eckenhoff R, Mathew J. Alzheimer's disease, anesthesia, and surgery: a clinically focused review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1609-23. [PMID: 25267693 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Burke
- Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Roderick Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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16
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Aging differentially affects the loss of neuronal dendritic spine, neuroinflammation and memory impairment at rats after surgery. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106837. [PMID: 25198176 PMCID: PMC4157839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that age is an important factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and the patients with POCD suffer from the impairment of multiple brain regions and multiple brain functions. However currently animal studies of POCD mainly focus on hippocampus region, therefore in this study we performed partial hepatectomy in young adult and aged rats to test the questions (1) whether POCD in animals involves other brain areas besides hippocampus; (2) how age influences POCD of young adult and aged animals. We found that (1) in young adult rats, the memory was not significantly affected (P>0.05) 1d, 3d and 7d after partial hepatectomy, but was significantly impaired (p<0.001) in aged rats 1d and 3d post-surgery; (2) in young adult rats, the surgery did not significantly affect the densities of dendritic spines of neurons at CA1, dentate gyrus (DG) and cingulate cortex (P>0.05, respectively) 1d and 3d post-surgery, but the spine densities at CA1 and DG of aged rats were significant reduced 1d and 3d post-surgery (p<0.001, respectively), however this didn't happen at cingulate cortex (P>0.05); (3) In young adult rats, surgery didn't affect the activation of microglia and levels of TNF-α and IL-1β at hippocampus (P>0.05), but significantly activated microglia and increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β at hippocampus of aged rats (P<0.05). Our data suggest that (1) partial hepatectomy-induced POCD mainly involves hippocampus impairments, and (2) differential loss of neuronal dendritic spines and neuroinflammation at hippocampus are most likely the mechanism for the formation of POCD in aged rats.
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17
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Strøm C, Rasmussen LS, Sieber FE. Should general anaesthesia be avoided in the elderly? Anaesthesia 2014; 69 Suppl 1:35-44. [PMID: 24303859 PMCID: PMC5207212 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Surgery and anaesthesia exert comparatively greater adverse effects on the elderly than on the younger brain, manifest by the higher prevalence of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction delay rehabilitation, and are associated with increases in morbidity and mortality among elderly surgical patients. We review the aetiology of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with a particular focus on anaesthesia and sedation, discuss methods of diagnosing and monitoring postoperative cognitive decline, and describe the treatment strategies by which such decline may be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Strøm
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L. S. Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F. E. Sieber
- Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Studies on postoperative neurological complications, particularly cognitive dysfunction. J Anesth 2013; 27:647-9. [PMID: 23873004 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-013-1674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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