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Kim J, Roh H, Moon S, Jeon C, Baek S, Cho W, Sim JY, Jeong U. Wireless breathable face mask sensor for spatiotemporal 2D respiration profiling and respiratory diagnosis. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122579. [PMID: 38670033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Owing to air pollution and the pandemic outbreak, the need for quantitative pulmonary monitoring has greatly increased. The COVID-19 outbreak has aroused attention for comfortable wireless monitoring of respiratory profiles and more real-time diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Although respiration sensors have been investigated extensively with single-pixel sensors, 2D respiration profiling with a pixelated array sensor has not been demonstrated for both exhaling and inhaling. Since the pixelated array sensor allowed for simultaneous profiling of the nasal breathing and oral breathing, it provides essential respiratory information such as breathing patterns, respiration habit, breathing disorders. In this study, we introduced an air-permeable, stretchable, and a pixelated pressure sensor that can be integrated into a commercial face mask. The mask sensor showed a strain-independent pressure-sensing performance, providing 2D pressure profiles for exhalation and inhalation. Real-time 2D respiration profiles could monitor various respiratory behaviors, such as oral/nasal breathing, clogged nose, out-of-breath, and coughing. Furthermore, they could detect respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis, sleep apnea, and pneumonia. The 2D respiratory profiling mask sensor is expected to be employed for remote respiration monitoring and timely patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Heesung Roh
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Cheonhoo Jeon
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16890, South Korea
| | - Seunggoo Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Woosung Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Sim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Zhang J, Wei S, Liu C, Shang C, He Z, Duan Y, Peng Z. Porous nanocomposites with enhanced intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity for bioinspired multimodal tactile sensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38283382 PMCID: PMC10811241 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we propose porous fluororubber/thermoplastic urethane nanocomposites (PFTNs) and explore their intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity to pressure. Our experiments reveal that the intrinsic sensitivity of the PFTN-based sensor to pressure up to 10 kPa increases up to 900% compared to the porous thermoplastic urethane nanocomposite (PTN) counterpart and up to 275% compared to the porous fluororubber nanocomposite (PFN) counterpart. For pressures exceeding 10 kPa, the resistance-pressure relationship of PFTN follows a logarithmic function, and the sensitivity is 221% and 125% higher than that of PTN and PFN, respectively. With the excellent intrinsic sensitivity of the thick PFTN film, a single sensing unit with integrated electrode design can imitate human skin for touch detection, pressure perception and traction sensation. The sensing range of our multimodal tactile sensor reaches ~150 Pa, and it exhibits a linear fit over 97% for both normal pressure and shear force. We also demonstrate that an electronic skin, made of an array of sensing units, is capable of accurately recognizing complex tactile interactions including pinch, spread, and tweak motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Song Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Caichao Liu
- Linksense Technology Ltd., 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Chao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
- Linksense Technology Ltd., 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
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Greco F, Bandodkar AJ, Menciassi A. Emerging technologies in wearable sensors. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:020401. [PMID: 37274629 PMCID: PMC10234674 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This Editorial highlights some current challenges and emerging solutions in wearable sensors, a maturing field where interdisciplinary crosstalk is of paramount importance. Currently, investigation efforts are aimed at expanding the application scenarios and at translating early developments from basic research to widespread adoption in personal health monitoring for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This translation requires addressing several old and new challenges that are summarized in this editorial. The special issue "Emerging technologies in wearable sensors" includes four selected contributions from leading researchers, exploring the topic from different perspectives. The aim is to provide the APL Bioengineering readers with a solid and timely overall vision of the field and with some recent examples of wearable sensors, exploring new research avenues.
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Bica I, Iacobescu GE, Chirigiu LME. Magneto-Tactile Sensor Based on a Commercial Polyurethane Sponge. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183231. [PMID: 36145019 PMCID: PMC9503655 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the procedure for fabricating a new magneto-tactile sensor (MTS) based on a low-cost commercial polyurethane sponge, including the experimental test configuration, the experimental process, and a description of the mechanisms that lead to obtaining the MTS and its characteristics. It is shown that by using a polyurethane sponge, microparticles of carbonyl iron, ethanol, and copper foil with electroconductive adhesive, we can obtain a high-performance and low-cost MTS. With the experimental assembly described in this paper, the variation in time of the electrical capacity of the MTS was measured in the presence of a deforming force field, a magnetic field, and a magnetic field superimposed over a deformation field. It is shown that, by using an external magnetic field, the sensitivity of the MTS can be increased. Using the magnetic dipole model and linear elasticity approximation, the qualitative mechanisms leading to the reported results are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bica
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Pârvan 4, Nr. 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Eugenia Iacobescu
- Department of Physics, University of Craiova, Strada Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Nr. 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
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