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Karlsen-Ayala E, Jusino MA, Gazis R, Smith ME. Habitat matters: The role of spore bank fungi in early seedling establishment of Florida slash pines. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Miyamoto Y, Maximov TC, Kononov A, Sugimoto A. Soil propagule banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with <i>Larix cajanderi</i> above the treeline in the Siberian Arctic. MYCOSCIENCE 2022; 63:142-148. [PMID: 37090475 PMCID: PMC10042316 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts are essential for plant niche expansion into novel habitats. Dormant propagules of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are thought to play an important role in seedling establishment in invasion fronts; however, propagule bank communities above the treeline are poorly understood in the Eurasian Arctic, where treelines are expected to advance under rapid climate change. To investigate the availability of EM fungal propagules, we collected 100 soil samples from Arctic tundra sites and applied bioassay experiments using Larix cajanderi as bait seedlings. We detected 11 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by obtaining entire ITS regions. Suillus clintonianus was the most frequently observed OTU, followed by Cenococcum geophilum and Sebacinales OTU1. Three Suillus and one Rhizopogon species were detected in the bioassay seedlings, indicating the availability of Larix-specific suilloid spores at least 30 km from the contemporary treeline. Spores of S. clintonianus and S. spectabilis remained infective after preservation for 14 mo and heat treatment at 60 °C, implying the durability of the spores. Long-distance dispersal capability and spore resistance to adverse conditions may represent ecological strategies employed by suilloid fungi to quickly associate with emerging seedlings of compatible hosts in treeless habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trofim C. Maximov
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
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Okada KH, Matsuda Y. Soil spore bank communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pseudotsuga japonica forests and neighboring plantations. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:83-93. [PMID: 34989868 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal spores play an important role in seedling establishment and forest regeneration, especially in areas where compatible host tree species are absent. However, compared to other Pinaceae trees with a wide distribution, limited information is available for the interaction between the endangered Pseudotsuga trees and EcM fungi, especially the spore bank. The aim of this study was to investigate EcM fungal spore bank communities in soil in remnant patches of Japanese Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga japonica) forest. We conducted a bioassay of 178 soil samples collected from three P. japonica forests and their neighboring arbuscular mycorrhizal artificial plantations, using the more readily available North American Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) as bait seedlings. EcM fungal species were identified by a combination of morphotyping and DNA sequencing of the ITS region. We found that EcM fungal spore banks were present not only in P. japonica forests but also in neighboring plantations. Among the 13 EcM fungal species detected, Rhizopogon togasawarius had the second highest frequency and was found in all plots, regardless of forest type. Species richness estimators differed significantly among forest types. The community structure of EcM fungal spore banks differed significantly between study sites but not between forest types. These results indicate that EcM fungal spore banks are not restricted to EcM forests and extend to surrounding forest dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal trees, likely owing to the durability of EcM fungal spores in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Henry Okada
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Park KH, Yoo S, Park MS, Kim CS, Lim YW. Different patterns of belowground fungal diversity along altitudinal gradients with respect to microhabitat and guild types. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:649-658. [PMID: 34162018 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are key components of belowground ecosystems with various ecological roles in forests. Although the changes in the richness and composition of belowground fungi across altitudinal gradients have been widely reported, only a few studies have focused on the microhabitat types along altitudinal gradients. Here, we analysed the effect of altitude on the ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in belowground microhabitats. We collected root and soil samples from 16 Pinus densiflora forests at various altitudes across Korea, and measured the soil properties as potential factors. Fungal communities were analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. We found that altitude negatively affected the species richness of root-inhabiting fungi but did not influence that of soil-inhabiting fungi. In addition, the composition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi was less influenced by altitude than non-ECM fungi. Most of the soil properties did not show a significant relationship with altitude, but the effect of soil properties was different across microhabitat types and ecological roles of fungi. Our results reveal that microhabitat types and altitudinal gradients differently affect the richness and composition of fungal communities associated with P. densiflora, providing a better understanding of plant-associated fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinnam Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Sun Kim
- Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yu WY, Peng MH, Wang JJ, Ye WY, Li YL, Zhang T, Wang AR, Zhang DM, Wang ZH, Lu GD, Bao JD. Microbial community associated with ectomycorrhizal Russula symbiosis and dominated nature areas in southern China. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6164866. [PMID: 33693611 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Russula griseocarnosa is one of the uncultivable important mycorrhizal edible fungi. Currently, there is a limited insight into the dynamic composition of the microbial communities associated with Russula. Here, the microbiota in the root and mycorrhizosphere from Russula-Fagaceae nature areas of Fujian province were identified by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. First, we compared three types of fungal communities associated with Russula-Fagaceae root mycelia-running stage (stage-1), Russula sporocarping stage-2 (stage-2) and Russula-free Fagaceae root (stage-3). Fungal diversity negatively correlated with Russula. Russula, Tomentella and Lactarius were core EcM in Fagaceae roots. A total of eight genera, including Boletus, are likely a positive indicator of Russula sporocarp production in Russula-Fagaceae roots, while Tomentella and Elaphomyces for Russula symbiosis. Secondly, analysis of fungal and bacterial communities within rhizosphere soils from the three stages revealed six genera, including Dacryobolus and Acidocella, as possible indicator species associated with sporocarping in Russula. Elaphomyces, Tomentella, Sorangium, Acidicaldus, Acidobacterium and Haliangium occurred more frequently in the Russula rhizosphere. Furthermore, operational taxonomic unit (OTU) network analysis showed a positive correlation between Russula,Tomentella, Elaphomyces and Sorangium. Overall, our results revealed a relationship between micro-community and Russula, which may provide a new strategy for improving Russula symbiosis and sporocarp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ai-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Universities Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Huang J, Han Q, Li J. Soil propagule bank of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) grown in a manganese mine wasteland. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198628. [PMID: 29870548 PMCID: PMC5988271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal propagule bank could facilitate the regeneration and plantation of seedlings in disturbed area. In this study, Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) seedlings were used to bait the ECM fungal propagule bank buried in the soils collected from a manganese (Mn) mine wasteland and a non-polluted area in China. After 6-month growth, we found the seedlings grown in the Mn mine soil (Mn:3200 mg kg-1) did not display any toxicity symptoms. Based on morphotyping and ITS-PCR sequencing, we identified a total of 16 ECM fungal OTUs (operative taxonomic units) at 97% similarity threshold, among which 11 OTUs were recovered in the Mn mine soils and 14 in the non-polluted soil. Two soil types shared 9 OTUs and both of them were dominated by a Tylospora sp. Based on those soil propagule banks in Masson pine forests reported in previous, we speculated that some Atheliaceae species may be preferred in the soil propagule bank of some pine species, such as Masson pine. In addition, NMDS ordination displayed geographical position effects on soil propagule banks in five Masson pine forest from three sites at regional scale. In conclusion, Masson pine ECM seedlings could grow well in the Mn wasteland as a suitable tree species used for reforestation application in Mn mineland, in addition, Mn pollution did not alter the dominant ECM fungal species in the soil propagule banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junjian Li
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Sugiyama Y, Murata M, Nara K. A new Rhizopogon species associated with Pinus amamiana in Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Koizumi T, Hattori M, Nara K. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in alpine relict forests of Pinus pumila on Mt. Norikura, Japan. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:129-145. [PMID: 29330574 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses are indispensable for the establishment of host trees, yet available information of ECM symbiosis in alpine forests is scarce. Pinus pumila is a typical ice age relict tree species in Japan and often forms monodominant dwarf vegetation above the tree line in mountains. We studied ECM fungi colonizing P. pumila on Mt. Norikura, Japan, with reference to host developmental stages, i.e., from current-year seedlings to mature trees. ECM fungal species were identified based on rDNA ITS sequences. Ninety-two ECM fungal species were confirmed from a total of 2480 root tips examined. Species in /suillus-rhizopogon and /wilcoxina were dominant in seedling roots. ECM fungal diversity increased with host development, due to the addition of species-rich fungal lineages (/cenococcum, /cortinarius, and /russula-lactarius) in late-successional stages. Such successional pattern of ECM fungi is similar to those in temperate pine systems, suggesting the predominant role of /suillus-rhizopogon in seedling establishment, even in relict alpine habitats fragmented and isolated for a geological time period. Most of the ECM fungi detected were also recorded in Europe or North America, indicating their potential Holarctic distribution and the possibility of their comigration with P. pumila through land bridges during ice ages. In addition, we found significant effects of soil properties on ECM fungal communities, which explained 34.1% of the total variation of the fungal communities. While alpine vegetation is regarded as vulnerable to the ongoing global warming, ECM fungal communities associated with P. pumila could be altered by the edaphic change induced by the warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Koizumi
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan.
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory of Metagenomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
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Wen Z, Shi L, Tang Y, Hong L, Xue J, Xing J, Chen Y, Nara K. Soil spore bank communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi in endangered Chinese Douglas-fir forests. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:49-58. [PMID: 28942552 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga sinensis) is an endangered Pinaceae species found in several isolated regions of China. Although soil spore banks of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can play an important role in seedling establishment after disturbance, such as in the well-known North American relative (Pseudotsuga menziesii), we have no information about soil spore bank communities in relict forests of Chinese Douglas-fir. We conducted bioassays of 73 soil samples collected from three Chinese Douglas-fir forests, using North American Douglas-fir as bait seedlings, and identified 19 species of ECM fungi. The observed spore bank communities were significantly different from those found in ECM fungi on the roots of resident trees at the same sites (p = 0.02). The levels of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), organic matter, and the pH of soil were the dominant factors shaping spore bank community structure. A new Rhizopogon species was the most dominant species in the spore banks. Specifically, at a site on Sanqing Mountain, 22 of the 57 surviving bioassay seedlings (representing 21 of the 23 soil samples) were colonized by this species. ECM fungal richness significantly affected the growth of bioassay seedlings (R 2 = 0.20, p = 0.007). Growth was significantly improved in seedlings colonized by Rhizopogon or Meliniomyces species compared with uncolonized seedlings. Considering its specificity to Chinese Douglas-fir, predominance in the soil spore banks, and positive effect on host growth, this new Rhizopogon species could play critical roles in seedling establishment and forest regeneration of endangered Chinese Douglas-fir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhugui Wen
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yangze Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lizhou Hong
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Jiawang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jincheng Xing
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan.
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Murata M, Kanetani S, Nara K. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in endangered Pinus amamiana forests. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189957. [PMID: 29261780 PMCID: PMC5736215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between trees and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are critical for the growth and survival of both partners. However, ECM symbiosis in endangered trees has hardly been explored, complicating conservation efforts. Here, we evaluated resident ECM roots and soil spore banks of ECM fungi from endangered Pinus amamiana forests on Yakushima and Tanegashima Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Soil samples were collected from remaining four forests in the two islands. The resident ECM roots in soil samples were subjected to molecular identification. Soil spore banks of ECM fungi were analyzed via bioassays using a range of host seedlings (P. amamiana, P. parviflora, P. densiflora and Castanopsis sieboldii) for 6-8 months. In all remaining P. amamiana forests, we discovered a new Rhizopogon species (Rhizopogon sp.1), the sequence of which has no match amoung numerous Rhizopogon sequences deposited in the international sequence database. Host identification of the resident ECM roots confirmed that Rhizopogon sp.1 was associated only with P. amamiana. Rhizopogon sp.1 was far more dominant in soil spore banks than in resident ECM roots, and its presence was confirmed in nearly all soil samples examined across the major remaining populations. While Rhizopogon sp.1 did not completely lose compatibility to other pine species, its infection rate in the bioassays was highest in the original host, P. amamiana, the performance of which was improved by the infection. These results indicate that Rhizopogon sp.1 is very likely to have a close ecological relationship with endangered P. amamiana, probably due to a long co-evolutionary period on isolated islands, and to play the key role in seedling establishment after disturbance. We may need to identify and utilize such key ECM fungi to conserve endangered trees practically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Murata
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kanetani
- Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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