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Giorgio M, Niccolò BGM, Benedetta T, Luisa M, Leonardo BF, Gregory B, Pietro B, Alberto A, Domizia D, Emidio A. Fungal and Bacterial Diversity in the Tuber magnatum Ecosystem and Microbiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:508-521. [PMID: 35237850 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the genus Tuber produce edible ascocarps known as truffles. Tuber magnatum Picco may be the most appreciated truffle species given its peculiar aroma. While its life cycle is not yet fully elucidated, some studies demonstrated an active role of microorganisms. The main goal of this study was to determine how the T. magnatum microbiome varies across space and time. To address this, we characterized microbial communities associated with T. magnatum through high-throughput amplicon sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S rDNAs in three productive natural sites in Italy across 2 years. At each site, four truffles were sampled as well as the soil underneath and at 40, 100, and 200 cm from the harvesting points, to assess for microbial variation between substrates, years, and sites. A statistically significant site-related effect on microbial communities was identified, whereas only the prokaryotic community was significantly affected by the distance of soil from the truffle. Significant differences between sampling years were also found, demonstrating a possible relation among rainfall precipitation and Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Thirty-six bacterial OTUs in truffles and 11 bacterial OTUs in soils beneath truffles were identified as indicator taxa. As shown for other truffle species, the dominance of Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, and Ensifer spp. within the truffle fruiting body suggests an evolutionary adaptation of this microorganism to the genus Tuber. The present work offers novel and relevant insights into the microbial ecology of T. magnatum ecosystems and fruiting bodies. The function and role of these bacteria in the truffle microbiome and life cycle are in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marozzi Giorgio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Turchetti Benedetta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massaccesi Luisa
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Baciarelli Falini Leonardo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bonito Gregory
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Buzzini Pietro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnelli Alberto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donnini Domizia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Albertini Emidio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
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Arenas F, Navarro-Ródenas A, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Ghignone S, Mello A, Morte A. Different patterns in root and soil fungal diversity drive plant productivity of the desert truffle Terfezia claveryi in plantation. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5917-5933. [PMID: 34320277 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The desert truffle Terfezia claveryi is one of the few mycorrhizal fungi currently in cultivation in semiarid and arid areas. Agroclimatic parameters seem to affect its annual yield, but there is no information on the influence of biotic factors. In this study, fungal diversity was analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA region from soil and root samples to compare productive and non-productive mycorrhizal plants in a 4-years old plantation (Murcia, Spain). The fungal metaprofile was dominated by Ascomycota phylum. Desert truffle productivity was driven by different patterns of fungal species composition in soil (species replacement) and root (species richness differences). Moreover, positive associations for ectomycorrhizal and negative for arbuscular mycorrhizal guilds were found in productive roots, and positive associations for fungal parasite-plant pathogen guild in non-productive ones. Soil samples were dominated by pathotroph and saprotroph trophic modes, showing positive associations for Aureobasidium pullulans and Alternaria sp. in productive areas, and positive associations for Fusarium sp. and Mortierella sp. were found in non-productive soils. Finally, some significant OTUs were identified and associated to ascocarp producing patches, which could serve as predictive and location markers of desert truffle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arenas
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Alfonso Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - José Eduardo Marqués-Gálvez
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - SS Turin, CNR, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - SS Turin, CNR, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Asunción Morte
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Wang X, Agathokleous E, Qu L, Fujita S, Watanabe M, Tamai Y, Mao Q, Koyama A, Koike T. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on ectomycorrhizae community structure in hybrid larch and its parents grown in volcanic ash soil: The role of phosphorous. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:905-915. [PMID: 29055594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid industrial development and modern agricultural practices, increasing nitrogen (N) deposition can cause nutrient imbalance in immature volcanic ash soil commonly found in Japan. Larch species, widely distributed in northeast Eurasia, are associated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi which play a critical role in nutrient acquisition for their hosts. In this study, we investigated species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with a hybrid larch (F1) and its parents, Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) and Japanese larch (L. kaempferi), under simulated N deposition (0 and 100kgha-1yr-1) with/without phosphorous (P) (0 and 50kgha-1yr-1). Seedlings planted in immature volcanic ash with low nutrient availability were subjected to the N and P treatments for fifteen months. We found that response of ECM community structure to the increased nutrient availability depended on host genotypes. Nutrient addition significantly affected ECM structure in Japanese larch, but no such significant effect was found for Dahurian larch. Effects of the nutrient addition to ECM fungal community in F1 were intermediate. F1 was tolerant to high N loading, which was due to consistent, relatively high association with Suillus sp. and Hebeloma sp. F1 showed heterosis in relative biomass, which was most apparent under high N treatments. This co-variation of ECM fungal community structure and F1 biomass in response to N loading suggest that ECM community structure might play an important role in host growth. The present findings indicate effects of N deposition on ECM fungal community structure can depend on larch species, thus it is challenging to predict general trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Laiye Qu
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Saki Fujita
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Qiaozhi Mao
- College of Resource and Environment, Southeast University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Akihiro Koyama
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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Queralt M, Parladé J, Pera J, DE Miguel AM. Seasonal dynamics of extraradical mycelium and mycorrhizas in a black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantation. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:565-576. [PMID: 28547294 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal dynamics of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) extraradical mycelium as well as the associated mycorrhizal community have been evaluated in a 16-year-old plantation with productive and non-productive trees. Mycelium biomass was seasonally quantified by real-time PCR over two consecutive years and the correlation with environmental variables explored. Extraradical mycelium biomass varied seasonally and between the two consecutive years, being correlated with the precipitation that occurred 1 month before sampling. In addition, productive trees had more mycelium in the brûlé area than non-productive trees did. The ectomycorrhizal community composition inside the burnt areas was seasonally evaluated during a year. Ten mycorrhizal morphotypes were detected; T. melanosporum was the most abundant in productive and non-productive trees. Black truffle mycorrhizas were more abundant (mycorrhizal tips per unit of soil volume) in productive trees, and no seasonal variation was observed. The occurrence of black truffle mycorrhizas was significantly and positively correlated with the biomass of extraradical mycelium. The mycorrhizal community within the brûlé areas was significantly different between productive and non-productive trees, and no variation was detected between seasons. The assessment of the fungal vegetative structures in a mature plantation is of paramount importance to develop trufficulture methods based on the knowledge of the biological cycle of the fungus and its relationships with the associated ectomycorrhizal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Queralt
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Parladé
- Protecció Vegetal Sostenible, IRTA, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils Km. 2, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pera
- Protecció Vegetal Sostenible, IRTA, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils Km. 2, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María DE Miguel
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
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