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Sportes A, Hériché M, Mounier A, Durney C, van Tuinen D, Trouvelot S, Wipf D, Courty PE. Comparative RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of ten grapevine rootstocks: shared and specific sets of genes respond to mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:369-385. [PMID: 37561219 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis improves water and nutrient uptake by plants and provides them other ecosystem services. Grapevine is one of the major crops in the world. Vitis vinifera scions generally are grafted onto a variety of rootstocks that confer different levels of resistance against different pests, tolerance to environmental stress, and influence the physiology of the scions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are involved in the root architecture and in the immune response to soil-borne pathogens. However, the fine-tuned regulation and the transcriptomic plasticity of rootstocks in response to mycorrhization are still unknown. We compared the responses of 10 different grapevine rootstocks to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) formed with Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 using RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling. We have highlighted a few shared regulation mechanisms, but also specific rootstock responses to R. irregularis colonization. A set of 353 genes was regulated by AMS in all ten rootstocks. We also compared the expression level of this set of genes to more than 2000 transcriptome profiles from various grapevine varieties and tissues to identify a class of transcripts related to mycorrhizal associations in these 10 rootstocks. Then, we compared the response of the 351 genes upregulated by mycorrhiza in grapevine to their Medicago truncatula homologs in response to mycorrhizal colonization based on available transcriptomic studies. More than 97% of the 351 M. truncatula-homologous grapevine genes were expressed in at least one mycorrhizal transcriptomic study, and 64% in every single RNAseq dataset. At the intra-specific level, we described, for the first time, shared and specific grapevine rootstock genes in response to R. irregularis symbiosis. At the inter-specific level, we defined a shared subset of mycorrhiza-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sportes
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Hériché
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Célien Durney
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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Duret M, Zhan X, Belval L, Le Jeune C, Hussenet R, Laloue H, Bertsch C, Chong J, Deglène-Benbrahim L, Valat L. Use of a RT-qPCR Method to Estimate Mycorrhization Intensity and Symbiosis Vitality in Grapevine Plants Inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3237. [PMID: 36501279 PMCID: PMC9741363 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the mycorrhization level in plant roots is essential to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant physiological responses. Common methods used to quantify the mycorrhization of roots are based on microscopic visualization of stained fungal structures within the cortical cells. While this method is readily accessible, it remains time-consuming and does not allow checking of the symbiosis vitality. The aim of this work is thus to develop an efficient method for assessing the intensity and vitality of mycorrhiza associated with grapevine through gene expression analyses by RT-qPCR. To this end, grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri). The relationship between mycorrhization level, assessed by microscopy, and expression of several fungus and grapevine genes involved in the symbiosis was investigated. In AMF-inoculated plants, transcript amounts of fungal constitutively-expressed genes Ri18S, RiTEF1α and RiαTub were significantly correlated to mycorrhization intensity, particularly Ri18S. Grapevine (VvPht1.1 and VvPht1.2) and AMF (GintPT, Ri14-3-3 and RiCRN1) genes, known to be specifically expressed during the mycorrhizal process, were significantly correlated to arbuscular level in the whole root system determined by microscopy. The best correlations were obtained with GintPT on the fungal side and VvPht1.2 on the plant side. Despite some minor discrepancies between microscopic and molecular techniques, the monitoring of Ri18S, GintPT and VvPht1.2 gene expression could be a rapid, robust and reliable method to evaluate the level of mycorrhization and to assess the vitality of AMF. It appears particularly useful to identify AMF-inoculated plants with very low colonization level, or with non-active fungal structures. Moreover, it can be implemented simultaneously with the expression analysis of other genes of interest, saving time compared to microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Duret
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Xi Zhan
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Lorène Belval
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Christine Le Jeune
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Réjane Hussenet
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 29 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Hélène Laloue
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Christophe Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Julie Chong
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Laurence Deglène-Benbrahim
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Laure Valat
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, E.A. 3991, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, CEDEX 008, 68000 Colmar, France
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Rui W, Mao Z, Li Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911027. [PMID: 36232323 PMCID: PMC9570102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of land plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and nutrient transfer to plants is largely mediated through this partnership. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake progress, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungal–root interface have been identified. In this review, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation) and focus on P and N transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, with a highlight on a possible interplay between P and N nutrient exchanges. Transporters belonging to the plant or AM fungi can synergistically process the transmembrane transport of soil nutrients to the symbiotic interface for further plant acquisition. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the complex mechanism for the integrated roles of nutrient transfers in AM symbiosis, questions still remain to be answered; for example, P and N transporters are less studied in different species of AM fungi; the involvement of AM fungi in plant N uptake is not as clearly defined as that of P; coordinated utilization of N and P is unknown; transporters of cultivated plants inoculated with AM fungi and transcriptomic and metabolomic networks at both the soil–fungi interface and fungi–plant interface have been insufficiently studied. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AM fungi in agriculture.
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Goddard ML, Belval L, Martin IR, Roth L, Laloue H, Deglène-Benbrahim L, Valat L, Bertsch C, Chong J. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Triggers Major Changes in Primary Metabolism Together With Modification of Defense Responses and Signaling in Both Roots and Leaves of Vitis vinifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:721614. [PMID: 34512700 PMCID: PMC8424087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.721614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide but is subjected to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, especially related to climate change. In this context, the grapevine culture could take advantage of symbiosis through association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are able to establish symbiosis with most terrestrial plants. Indeed, it is well established that mycorrhization improves grapevine nutrition and resistance to stresses, especially water stress and resistance to root pathogens. Thus, it appears essential to understand the effect of mycorrhization on grapevine metabolism and defense responses. In this study, we combined a non-targeted metabolomic approach and a targeted transcriptomic study to analyze changes induced in both the roots and leaves of V. vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer by colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri). We showed that colonization of grapevine with AMF triggers major reprogramming of primary metabolism in the roots, especially sugar and fatty acid metabolism. On the other hand, mycorrhizal roots had decreased contents of most sugars and sugar acids. A significant increase in several fatty acids (C16:1, linoleic and linolenic acids and the C20 arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids) was also detected. However, a downregulation of the JA biosynthesis pathway was evidenced. We also found strong induction of the expression of PR proteins from the proteinase inhibitor (PR6) and subtilase (PR7) families in roots, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the mycorrhiza development but could also confer higher resistance to root pathogens. Metabolic changes induced by mycorrhization were less marked in leaves but involved higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids and decreased sucrose, quinic, and shikimic acid contents. In addition, Ri colonization resulted in enhanced JA and SA levels in leaves. Overall, this study provides a detailed picture of metabolic changes induced by AMF colonization in a woody, economically important species. Moreover, stimulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and PR protein expression in roots and enhanced defense hormone contents in leaves establish first insight in favor of better resistance of grapevine to various pathogens provided by AMF colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Lorène Goddard
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Mulhouse, France
| | - Lorène Belval
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Isabelle R. Martin
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Lucie Roth
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Mulhouse, France
| | - Hélène Laloue
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Laurence Deglène-Benbrahim
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Laure Valat
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Christophe Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Julie Chong
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, UPR 3991), Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
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Saia S, Aissa E, Luziatelli F, Ruzzi M, Colla G, Ficca AG, Cardarelli M, Rouphael Y. Growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differentially benefit tomato and corn depending upon the supplied form of phosphorus. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:133-147. [PMID: 31823026 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to take up phosphorus (P) from soil depends on root morphology and root exudates release and can be modulated by beneficial soil microbes. These microbes can solubilize P, affect root elongation and branching, and lead to a higher uptake of P and other nutrients. However, coordination of these mechanisms is unclear, especially the mechanism for changing the available form of P. We aimed to dissect the effects of two different beneficial microbial taxa (plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)) on root morphological traits, plant nutrient content, and growth in tomato and corn fertilized with either Gafsa rock phosphate (RP) or triple superphosphate (TSP), which have contrasting solubility levels. Tomato and corn were grown in pots and inoculated with one of three PGPB species or a mix of two AMF species or were not inoculated. Root traits, botanical fractions, and the contents of various mineral nutrients were measured. TSP stimulated tomato biomass accumulation compared to RP but did not stimulate corn biomass accumulation. PGPB improved the growth of both plant species under RP, with limited differences among the strains, whereas AMF only improved tomato growth under TSP. These differences between microbial systems were explained by a bacterial effect on the total root length but not on the mean root diameter and by the ability of AMF to improve the mineral nutrient content. The effects of PGPB were less dependent on the plant species and on P form than the effects of AMF.These results have implications for the improvement of the early plant growth through the management of beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Vercelli, Italy
| | - Echrak Aissa
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Ficca
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo (CREA-OF), Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy.
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Phosphorous is important for life but often limiting for plants. The symbiotic pathway of phosphate uptake via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is evolutionarily ancient and today occurs in natural and agricultural ecosystems alike. Plants capable of this symbiosis can obtain up to all of the phosphate from symbiotic fungi, and this offers potential means to develop crops less dependent on unsustainable P fertilizers. Here, we review the mechanisms and insights gleaned from the fine-tuned signal exchanges that orchestrate the intimate mutualistic symbiosis between plants and AMF. As the currency of trade, nutrients have signaling functions beyond being the nutritional goal of mutualism. We propose that such signaling roles and metabolic reprogramming may represent commitments for a mutualistic symbiosis that act across the stages of symbiosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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