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Ibounig T, Sanders S, Haas R, Jones M, Järvinen TL, Taimela S, Docking S, Rämö L, Buchbinder R. Systematic Review of Shoulder Imaging Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Adult Shoulders (SCRUTINY): Abnormalities of the glenohumeral joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01215-9. [PMID: 38876437 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to determine the population prevalence of glenohumeral joint imaging abnormalities in asymptomatic adults. METHOD We systematically reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of X-ray, ultrasound (US), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in adults without shoulder symptoms (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018090041). This report presents the glenohumeral joint imaging findings. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science from inception to June 2023 and assessed risk of bias using a tool designed for prevalence studies. The primary analysis was planned for the general population. The certainty of evidence was assessed using a modified Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) for prognostic studies. RESULTS Thirty-five studies (4 X-ray, 10 US, 20 MRI, 1 X-ray and MRI) reported useable prevalence data. Two studies were population-based (846 shoulders), 15 studies included miscellaneous study populations (1715 shoulders) and 18 included athletes (727 shoulders). All were judged to be at high risk of bias. Clinical diversity precluded pooling. Population prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis ranged from 15% to 75% (2 studies, 846 shoulders, 1 X-ray, 1 X-ray and MRI; low certainty evidence). Prevalence of labral abnormalities, humeral head cysts and long head of biceps tendon abnormalities were 20%, 5%, 30% respectively (1 study, 20 shoulders, X-ray and MRI; very low certainty evidence). CONCLUSION The population-based prevalence of glenohumeral joint imaging abnormalities in asymptomatic individuals remains uncertain, but may range between 30% and 75%. Better estimates are needed to inform best evidence-based management of people with shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ibounig
- Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sharon Sanders
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Romi Haas
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Teppo Ln Järvinen
- Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Taimela
- Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sean Docking
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lasse Rämö
- Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Roos M, Bertrand-Charette M, Dubé MO, Tittley J, Brisson M, Chau L, Whittaker JL, Desmeules F, Mercier C, Roy JS. A cross-sectional observational study comparing individuals with a symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tear with age-matched controls. JSES Int 2024; 8:58-66. [PMID: 38312262 PMCID: PMC10837707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A full-thickness rotator cuff tear (FTRCT) is defined as a complete tear of one of the four rotator cuff muscle tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis or teres minor). This condition can lead to pain and reduced function. However, not all FTRCT are symptomatic. A better understanding of the characteristics that lead some individuals with FTRCT to experience pain is fundamental to improve strategies used to manage this condition. This level II descriptive study aimed to explore potential sociodemographic, anatomical, psychosocial, pain sensitivity, biomechanical and neuromuscular variables that may differ between individuals with symptomatic FTRCT and age-matched individuals with asymptomatic shoulders. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, adults aged 50 to 80 years of age, either with symptomatic FTRCT or no shoulder pain, were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants filled out questionnaires on sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Then, various tests were performed, including pain pressure threshold, shoulder range of motion, shoulder muscle strength, shoulder ultrasound and radiologic examination, and sensorimotor functions testing. Each variable was compared between groups using univariate analyses (independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, exact probability Fisher tests). Significance was set at 0.05. Results FTRCT (n = 30) and Control (n = 30) groups were comparable in terms of sex, age, and number of comorbidities. The symptomatic FTRCT group showed a higher proportion of smokers (P = .026) and more participants indicated consuming alcohol or drugs more than they meant to (P = .010). The FTRCT group had a significantly higher prevalence of glenohumeral osteophytes (48% vs. 17%; P = .012). Participants in the FTRCT group were significantly more stressed (P = .04), anxious (P = .003) and depressed (P = .002). The FTRCT group also showed significantly higher levels of pain catastrophisation (P < .001) and sleep disturbance (P < .001). The FTRCT group showed significantly lower range of motion for flexion (P < .001), and external rotation at 0° (P < .001) and 90° (P < .001) of abduction. Isometric strength in both abduction and external rotation were weaker (P = .005) for the FTRCT group. Conclusion Sociodemographic, anatomical, psychosocial and biomechanical variables showed statistically significant differences between the FTRCT and Control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Roos
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Bertrand-Charette
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Dubé
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Tittley
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Brisson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Radiologie Mailloux, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Chau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Radiologie Mailloux, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Desmeules
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Unit, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CRHMR), CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Roy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
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Nevalainen MT, Uusimaa AP, Saarakkala S. The ultrasound assessment of osteoarthritis: the current status. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:2271-2282. [PMID: 37060461 PMCID: PMC10509065 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, osteoarthritis (OA) is diagnosed with the clinical examination supplemented by the conventional radiography (CR). In the research literature, the role of ultrasound (US) imaging in the diagnostics of OA has risen steadily during the last two decades. US imaging is cheap and globally widely available often already in primary healthcare. Here, we reviewed the most essential US literature focusing on OA diagnostics and progression prediction using the various search engines. Starting from the year 2000, our search provided 1 445 journal articles. After reviewing the abstracts, 89 articles were finally included. Most of the reviewed articles focused on the imaging of knee and hand OA, whereas only a minority dealt with the imaging of hip, ankle, midfoot, acromioclavicular, and temporomandibular joints. Overall, during the last 20 years, the use of US imaging for OA assessment has increased in the scientific literature. In knee and hand joints, US imaging has been reported to be a promising tool to evaluate OA changes. Furthermore, the reproducibility of US as well as its association to MRI findings are excellent. Importantly, US seems to even outperform CR in certain aspects, such as detection of osteophytes, joint inflammation, meniscus protrusion, and localized cartilage damage (especially at the medial femoral condyle and sulcus area). Based on the reviewed literature, US can be truly considered as a complementary tool to CR in the clinical setup for OA diagnostics. New technical developments may even enhance the diagnostic value of the US in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika T Nevalainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Antti-Pekka Uusimaa
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
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Barret H, Langlais T, Laumonerie P, Faruch M, Mansat P, Bonnevialle N. Which preoperative factors influence the patient's short-term subjective assessment after rotator cuff repair? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023; 109:103490. [PMID: 36442808 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To highlight the preoperative risk factors that influence postoperative patient satisfaction following Rotator Cuff Repair (RCR) and to determine whether this satisfaction was correlated with tendon healing. HYPOTHESIS Preoperative factors influence patient satisfaction, assessed by SSV (Subjective Shoulder Value) postoperatively, with a correlation with tendon healing. METHODS With a mean age of 60.6 years (40-72), 102 patients with arthroscopic RCR were included retrospectively. The preoperative SSV score was less than or equal to 50%. There was clinical and radiological follow-up with an ultrasound evaluation of tendon healing 6 months postoperatively. We divided the patients into 2 groups using a postoperative SSV of 85% as the cut-off; 55 patients in the first group (SSV>85%); and 47 patients in the second group (SSV<85%). RESULTS In multivariate analysis, Preoperative risk factors for poor postoperative SSV after RCR were: tobacco use [-8.41 (-13.64; -3.17) p=0.002], fatty infiltration [-3.65 (-6.24 -1.06) p=0.006] and workers compensation [-19.15 (-24.04; -14.27) p<0.001]. When patients were not in workers compensation, the lower their SSV score before surgery, the higher their postoperative SSV score. For patients in workers compensation, the higher the SSV preoperatively, the less elevated was SSV postoperatively. The Sugaya ultrasound classification did not influence the SSV score (p=0.15) CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, fatty infiltration and patients in workers compensation are factors of poorer subjective results evaluated by the SSV score. Tendon healing did not influence the SSV score and patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, cohort study.
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Mohammed MH, Fahmi FM, Shehata KA, Elia RZ. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: can clinical data correlate with fat-suppressed T2 weighted MRI findings? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2022. [PMCID: PMC8961268 DOI: 10.1186/s43055-022-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder or frozen shoulder is a debilitating condition characterized by progressive pain, stiffness and limited range of motion about the glenohumeral joint, the term (adhesive capsulitis) to describe the findings of chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the joint capsule, characterized by significant restriction of both active and passive shoulder motion that occurs in the absence of a known intrinsic shoulder disorder. The goal of the trial was to examine the association between clinical features (stages) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.
Results
In our study, Regarding the diagnostic performance of shoulder MRI there is a statistically significant difference between degree of pain intensity according to Capsular thickening regarding humeral “mm” with p-value (p < 0.05). The highest value was found moderate and severe pain group (5.67 ± 1.39) compared to absent, minimal and mild pain group (4.42 ± 1.29), there was a statistically significant difference between two groups according to axillary recess regarding height “mm” with p-value (p < 0.05). The highest value was found absent, minimal and mild pain group (7.02 ± 2.68) compared to moderate and severe pain group (5.73 ± 2.25). There is no statistically significant association between pain intensity and MRI finding regarding capsular edema, extra capsular edema, obliteration of subcoracoid fat triangle, effusion of biceps tendon sheath, capsular thickening of glenoid (mm) and humeral portions of axillary recess and axillary recess width and height (mm), with p-value (p > 0.05 NS).
Conclusions
MRI is useful for assessing clinical impairment and predicting the clinical stage of adhesive capsulitis.
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Rohrback M, Ramtin S, Abdelaziz A, Matkin L, Ring D, Crijns TJ, Johnson A. Rotator cuff tendinopathy: magnitude of incapability is associated with greater symptoms of depression rather than pathology severity. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:2134-2139. [PMID: 35461981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies have established that rotator cuff tendinopathy develops in most persons during their lifetimes, it is often accommodated, and there is limited correspondence between symptom intensity and pathology severity. To test the relationship between effective accommodation and mental health on its continuum, we studied the relative association of magnitude of capability with symptoms of anxiety or depression compared with quantifications of rotator cuff pathology such as defect size, degree of retraction, and muscle atrophy among patients presenting for specialty care. METHODS We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 71 adults seeking specialty care for symptoms of rotator cuff tendinopathy who underwent a recent magnetic resonance imaging scan of the shoulder and completed the following questionnaires: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health questionnaire (a measure of symptom intensity and magnitude of capability, consisting of mental and physical health subscores), Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (measuring symptoms of anxiety), and Patient Health Questionnaire (measuring symptoms of depression). Two independent reviewers measured the sagittal length of the rotator cuff defect and tendon retraction in millimeters on magnetic resonance imaging scans (excellent reliability) and rated rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration (more limited reliability), and we used the average measurement or rating for each patient. Multivariable statistical models were used to identify factors associated with the PROMIS Global Health score and mental and physical health subscores. RESULTS Accounting for potential confounding in multivariable analysis, lower PROMIS Global Health total scores and physical health subscale scores were independently associated with greater symptoms of depression but not with measures of pathology. Lower PROMIS mental health subscale scores were independently associated with greater symptoms of anxiety and greater muscle atrophy. CONCLUSIONS The observation that magnitude of incapability among patients seeking care for symptoms of rotator cuff pathology is associated with symptoms of depression but not with measures of the severity of the rotator cuff pathology suggests that treatment strategies for patients who seek care for symptoms of rotator cuff tendinopathy may be incomplete if they do not anticipate and address mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Ramtin
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Lars Matkin
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David Ring
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Tom J Crijns
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Jo YH, Kim DH, Lee BG. When should reverse total shoulder arthroplasty be considered in glenohumeral joint arthritis? Clin Shoulder Elb 2021; 24:272-278. [PMID: 34875733 PMCID: PMC8651594 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2021.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been used widely in treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis and provides excellent pain relief and functional results. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was created to treat the complex problem of rotator cuff tear arthropathy. RSA also has been performed for glenohumeral osteoarthritis even in cases where the rotator cuff is preserved and has shown good results comparable with TSA. The indications for RSA are expanding to include tumors of the proximal humerus, revision of hemiarthroplasty to RSA, and revision of failed TSA to RSA. The purposes of this article were to describe comprehensively the conditions under which RSA should be considered in glenohumeral osteoarthritis, to explain its theoretical background, and to review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Jo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Dong-Hong Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Gun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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The impact of full-thickness rotator cuff tear on shoulder function and quality of life in patients who sustain a proximal humerus fracture—a prospective cohort study. JSES Int 2021; 6:268-274. [PMID: 35252925 PMCID: PMC8888175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Propp BE, Uyeki CL, Mancini MR, Hawthorne BC, McCarthy MB, Mazzocca AD. A Review of Biological Augmentation for Rotator Cuff Repair: a Single Laboratory’s History. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hughes JD, Gibbs CM, Reddy RP, Whicker E, Vaswani R, Eibel A, Talentino S, Popchak AJ, Lesniak BP, Lin A. Repair of high-grade partial thickness supraspinatus tears after surgical completion of the tear have a lower retear rate when compared to full-thickness tear repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:2370-2375. [PMID: 33683392 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade partial thickness rotator cuff tears (i.e., those involving at least 50% of the tendon thickness) are especially challenging to treat and various treatment strategies have been described. Prior studies have demonstrated equivalent outcomes between in situ tear fixation and tear completion repair techniques. However, it is unknown how repair of completed high-grade partial thickness tears to full tears compares to repair of full-thickness tears. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcome measures at least 1 year postoperatively between patients who had completion of a high-grade partial thickness supraspinatus tear to a full-thickness tear (PT) and those who had an isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tear (FT). The hypothesis of this study was equivalent retear rates as well as equivalent clinical and patient-reported outcomes between the two groups. METHODS A retrospective review of 100 patients who underwent isolated arthroscopic supraspinatus repair between 2013 and 2018 with a minimum of 1 year follow-up was performed. Patients were separated into two groups based on their treatment: 56 had completion of a partial thickness supraspinatus tear to full-thickness tear with repair (PT) and 44 had isolated full-thickness supraspinatus repairs (FT). The primary outcome was rotator cuff retear, which was defined as a supraspinatus retear requiring revision repair. Secondary outcomes were patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) including visual analog pain scale (VAS) and subjective shoulder value (SSV), range of motion (ROM) and strength in forward flexion (FF), external rotation (ER), and internal rotation (IR). RESULTS There was a significantly lower rate of retear between the PT versus FT groups (3.6% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.040). There were no significant differences between groups for all PROs, all ROM parameters, and all strength parameters (all n.s.). DISCUSSION The data from this study demonstrated that the PT group had a significantly lower retear rate at 1 year follow-up than the FT group, while PROs, ROM, and strength were similar between the two groups. Patients with PT supraspinatus tears can have excellent outcomes, equivalent to FT tears, after completion of the tear, and subsequent repair with low retear rates. These findings may aid the treating surgeon when choosing between in situ fixation of the PT supraspinatus tear or completion of the tear and subsequent repair, as it allows the treating surgeon to choose the procedure based on comfort and experience level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S. Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
| | - Christopher M Gibbs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv P Reddy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Whicker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Vaswani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Eibel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Spencer Talentino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam J Popchak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryson P Lesniak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albert Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
The aim of this article is to review the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of shoulder pain, which is a common clinical complaint of the musculoskeletal system. MRI is an essential auxiliary tool to evaluate these patients because of its high resolution and high sensitivity in depicting the soft tissues. This article will review the imaging technique, normal imaging anatomy, and most common imaging findings of disorders of tendons, labrum, and ligaments of the shoulder. It will also discuss common systemic diseases that manifest in the shoulder as well as disorders of the acromioclavicular joint and bursae. New advances and research in MRI have provided additional potential uses for evaluating shoulder derangements.
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