A simplified indication of metabolic syndrome to recognize subjects with a moderate risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large Italian sample

The Effect of Dietary Pattern on Metabolic Syndrome in a Suburban Population in Shanghai, China

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as one of the most severe non-communicable chronic diseases. Diet plays an essential role in the development and exacerbation of MetS. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and MetS in a suburban population in Shanghai, China. Data were collected on the Zhongshan community from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) study between May and September 2017. A total of 5426 participants who completed the questionnaire investigation, physical measurements, and biological sample collection were effectively enrolled in this study. Both posteriori and priori methods were utilized to generate different dietary patterns, including the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet (MD). The prevalence of MetS in this study was 22.47%. Compared to the reference, dietary patterns with a higher intake of "dairy and fruits" and "coarse cereals and soy products" had protective effects on MetS (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation with MetS was observed for DASH and MD. Our study recommends higher consumption of fruits, coarse cereals, and soy products, which was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS in the suburban population of Shanghai. The correlation of DASH and MD with MetS in the Chinese population requires further exploration.

The association of metabolic syndrome components and diabetes mellitus: evidence from China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project

Background

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is related with cardiovascular disease. However, its relationship with diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been examined in Chinese population with a larger sample. We aimed to assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, and DM, and to determine the best one from the available definitions of Mets when assessing the risk of DM.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 109,551 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years in 2014–15. MetS was defined according to three criteria including the updated International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criterion, the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) criterion and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criterion. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of DM.

Results

MetS as defined by three criteria including IDF, NCEP ATP III,and AHA/NHLBI all increased the prevalence of DM, and the adjusted ORs with 95% CI was more higher using NCEP ATP III (3.65, 3.52–3.79) than IDF (2.50, 2.41–2.60) and AHA/NHLBI (3.03, 2.92–3.24). The odds of DM was highest in hyperglycemia with cut-off glucose≥6.1 mmol/L (14.55, 13.97–15.16), and other components were also associated significantly with DM. There was heterogeneity for OR of DM associated with various trait combinations.

Conclusions

The NCEP ATPIII MetS definition may be more suitable for assessment of DM risk in Chinese population. Hyperglycemia, as previous study reported, are important risk factors of DM. Besides, other traits of Mets are also significantly associated with DM and should therefore be of greater concern.

Resting heart rate and risk of metabolic syndrome in adults: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies

The magnitude of the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with increased resting heart rate (RHR) has been inconsistently reported in some observational studies, and whether a dose-response relationship exists between RHR and MetS is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis including dose-response analysis to quantitatively evaluate this association in adults. We searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases for articles published up to April 2, 2016. A random-effects model was used to pool relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs); restricted cubic spline function was used to assess the dose-response relationship. Seven prospective cohort studies and 10 cross-sectional studies with a total of 169,786 participants were included. The pooled RR was 2.10 (95% CI 1.80-2.46, I ² = 79.8%, n = 13) for the highest versus reference RHR category and 1.28 (95% CI 1.23-1.34, I ² = 87.7%, n = 15) for each 10 beats per minute (bpm) increment in RHR. We found no evidence of a nonlinear dose-response association between RHR and MetS (P _nonlinearity = 0.201). The relationship was consistent in most subgroup analyses and robust on sensitivity analysis. No significant publication bias was observed. This meta-analysis suggests that risk of MetS may be increased with elevated RHR.