Prognostic Model of Stage II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by a Discriminant Analysis of the Immunohistochemical Protein Expression

Development and validation of a predictive model for the prognosis in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background

This study was to conduct a predictive model for the prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and validate the clinical data.

Methods

A total of 235 aSAH patients were enrolled in this study, dividing into the favorable or poor prognosis groups based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months postoperatively. Multivariate analysis was assessed using binary Logistic regression and Fisher discriminant analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut‐off value.

Results

Our findings showed that the high Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 24‐hour after surgery reduced the risk of poor prognosis, and the surgical clipping and elevated neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increased the risk of poor prognosis. The discriminant function was V = 0.881 × GCS score − 0.523 × NLR − 0.422 × therapeutic approach, and V = −0.689 served as a cut‐off value. When V ≥ −0.689, the good prognosis was considered among these patients with aSAH. The correctness for predicting the prognostic outcomes by self‐validation was 85.11%.

Conclusion

This predictive model established by a discriminant analysis is a useful tool for predicting the prognostic outcomes of aSAH patients, which may help clinicians identify patients at high risk for poor prognosis and optimize treatment after surgery.

Apoptotic function of tumor-associated antigen RCAS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background

Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cell (RCAS1) is derived from uterine adenocarcinoma and can induce apoptosis in lymphocytes, allowing tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. RCAS1 is reportedly expressed in a membranous pattern on tumor cell or soluble one in serum of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate expression patterns of RCAS1 and the effect on apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines.

Methods

In four kinds of OSCC cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, SQUU-A, and SQUU-B), RCAS1 mRNAs and proteins were determined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Membranous RCAS1 was determined by flow cytometry. Culture supernatants were analyzed for detection of soluble RCAS1 by dot blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptotic ability of RCAS1 on the erythroid leukemia cell line K562 with the putative receptor was evaluated by flow cytometry in co-culture with highly metastatic SQUU-B, with knocked-down RCAS1 cells or in a no-cell contact condition.

Results

RCAS1 mRNA and proteins were expressed in all of OSCC cell lines. Membranous pattern were expressed in all cell lines, while soluble pattern was detected in all supernatants. RCAS1 mRNA, membranous and soluble RCAS1 were significantly seen in SQUU-B more than the other 3 cell lines (P < 0.05). K562 apoptosis was induced in co-culture with each of all cell lines, particularly with SQUU-B. Apoptosis was markedly reduced in co-culture with RCAS1 knockdown cells, but was induced in co-culture without cell contract of SQUU-B.

Conlusions

Our study suggests that RCAS1 has an apoptotic function via membranous/soluble expression pattern in OSCC cells. RCAS1 may thus affect tumor escape from immune surveillance in OSCC by inducing apoptosis.