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Sukumaran R, Kattoor J, Valsalamony J, Varghese BT. Initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma as pharyngeal mass mimicking advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:438-440. [PMID: 38554358 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1655_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with frequent intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases. Extrahepatic metastasis occurs in one-third of patients with HCC and indicates a dismal prognosis. The head and neck region is an extremely uncommon site of metastatic HCC. Extrahepatic metastasis at first presentation, although uncommon, indicates advanced disease with a poor prognosis. Herein, we present the case of a 68-year-old male patient with a neck mass. Clinical examination and initial radiology were suggestive of an advanced primary pharyngeal malignancy. Biopsy showed neoplasm with large polygonal cells with clear/granular cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells showed positivity for Hep Par1, CD10, and CEA. A diagnosis of metastatic HCC was given. Subsequently, serum alpha-fetoprotein level was found to be markedly elevated and further imaging showed multiple mass lesions in the liver. It is necessary to recognize that the pharyngeal region is a potential site of HCC metastasis. Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification can help in avoiding unnecessary costs and delay in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Sukumaran
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jayasree Kattoor
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jiji Valsalamony
- Department of Imageology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin T Varghese
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Carpenter K, Decater T, Iwanaga J, Maulucci CM, Bui CJ, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. Revisiting the Vertebral Venous Plexus-A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2020; 145:381-395. [PMID: 33049379 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The venous drainage of the vertebral and paravertebral regions is important for a better understanding of hematogenous disease spread. Moreover, the spine surgeon must be well acquainted with this anatomy to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications. A comprehensive review of the vertebral venous plexus (Batson plexus) was performed with a concentration on the clinical and surgical correlations of this venous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Carpenter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tess Decater
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Christopher M Maulucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - C J Bui
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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Tohyama T, Sakamoto K, Tamura K, Nakamura T, Watanabe J, Wakisaka H, Takada Y. Pharyngeal metastasis following living-donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:109. [PMID: 32466780 PMCID: PMC7257203 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common sites of recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported to be the liver, lung, bone, and adrenal glands, but there have also been many reports of cases of multiple recurrence. The prognosis after recurrence is poor, with reported median survival after recurrence of HCC ranging from 9 to 19 months. Here, we report a case of long-term survival after recurrence of pharyngeal metastasis following living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for HCC within the Milan criteria, by resection of the metastatic region and cervical lymph node dissection. Case presentation A 47-year-old man with a Model End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 11 underwent LDLT for HCC within the Milan criteria for liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B virus infection, with his 48-year-old elder brother as the living donor. One year and 10 months after liver transplantation, he visited a nearby hospital with a chief complaint of discomfort on swallowing. A pedunculated polyp was found in the hypopharynx, and biopsy revealed HCC metastasis. We performed pharyngeal polypectomy. Two years later, cervical lymph node metastasis appeared, and neck lymph node dissection was performed. Although recurrence subsequently occurred three times in the grafted liver, the patient is still alive 12 years and 10 months after recurrence of pharyngeal metastasis. He is now a tumor-free outpatient taking sorafenib. Conclusion It is necessary to recognize that the nasopharyngeal region is a potential site of HCC metastasis. Prognostic improvement can be expected with close follow-up, early detection, and multidisciplinary treatment, including radical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Tohyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Kurashiki Medical Center, Bakuro-cho, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-8522, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Sakamoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Taro Nakamura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Jota Watanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakisaka
- Laboratory of Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 543, Takoda, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime, 791-2101, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Takada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Boldo E, Santafe A, Mayol A, Lozoya R, Coret A, Escribano D, Fortea-Sanchis C, Muñoz A, Pastor JC, Perez de Lucia G, Bosch N. Rare Site Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:39-44. [PMID: 32274362 PMCID: PMC7104197 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s238963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Besides more common sites such as lung or peritoneum, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can metastatize to rare sites. We report herein a new metastatic site of HCC: the nail-bed. We also review other recently reported rare site HCC metastases (RSHM). Case Report A 66-year-old woman with a 12-year history of resected-stage IA HCC who later presented lung, spleen and brain metastases treated with surgery, systemic therapies (sorafenib, sunitinib, capecitabine) and radiotherapy. The patient was referred to us because of a painful and rapidly evolving mass in the nail-bed of the left thumb. Biopsy confirmed nail-bed HCC metastasis, and the finger was amputated. The patient died few weeks later. Conclusion This case was an opportunity for us to review RSHM. This type of metastasis seems to be an early event, in the context of advanced stage HCC with elevated protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA II). The Lee nomogram is useful in detecting patients at high risk of developing RSHM. We would suggest insisting on systemic treatment in these metastatic patients although overall survival after RSHM diagnosis is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Boldo
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Ana Santafe
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Araceli Mayol
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozoya
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Alba Coret
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Diana Escribano
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Carlos Fortea-Sanchis
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Andres Muñoz
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Pastor
- Department of Surgery, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Bosch
- Pathology Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
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Oral Cavity Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Liver Transplantation. Case Rep Transplant 2012; 2012:181242. [PMID: 23213609 PMCID: PMC3504290 DOI: 10.1155/2012/181242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) remains the only cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many cases. Over many years, most centers have applied the Milan criteria for selecting cirrhotic patients with HCC for LT. In a new era where several transplant groups are pushing the limits of transplanting HCC outside Milan criteria as an aggressive approach with promising results, we present interesting images of a patient that presented a unique and rare site of HCC metastasis after 36 months of liver transplantation.
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Kanzaki R, Yamada T, Gotoh K, Takahashi H, Murata M, Tomita Y, Yano M, Ohigashi H, Sasaki Y, Ishikawa O. Surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the gallbladder: report of a case. Surg Today 2011; 41:285-91. [PMID: 21264771 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-010-4223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A metastatic tumor of the gallbladder is rare. There have so far been no detailed reports of a resection of the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the gallbladder published in the English literature. This report presents the case of a surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the gallbladder. A 48-year-old woman consulted her primary care physician due to chest discomfort. Tumors in the liver and gallbladder were unexpectedly found and she was thus referred to this hospital. The radiologic studies showed two tumors. A round-shaped tumor, 30 mm in diameter, in the fossa of the gallbladder of the liver protruded into the lumen of the gallbladder, and a lobulated shaped tumor, measuring 13 mm, was in S5 of the liver. Angiography demonstrated that these tumors showed a pattern of early enhancement and washout. An en bloc resection of the gallbladder and the liver surrounding the gallbladder was performed, and the final diagnosis was moderately differentiated HCC in segment S5 with gallbladder metastasis. The patient is currently doing well 2 years after surgery, without any signs of recurrence. This case demonstrated that good clinical outcome could be achieved by performing surgery in HCC patients with metastasis to the gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Kanzaki
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan
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