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Mignini I, Piccirilli G, Galasso L, Termite F, Esposto G, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. From the Colon to the Liver: How Gut Microbiota May Influence Colorectal Cancer Metastatic Potential. J Clin Med 2024; 13:420. [PMID: 38256554 PMCID: PMC10815973 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota's influence on human tumorigenesis is a burning topic in medical research. With the new ontological perspective, which considers the human body and its pathophysiological processes as the result of the interaction between its own eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic microorganisms living in different body niches, great interest has arisen in the role of the gut microbiota on carcinogenesis. Indeed, dysbiosis is currently recognized as a cancer-promoting condition, and multiple molecular mechanisms have been described by which the gut microbiota may drive tumor development, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). Metastatic power is undoubtedly one of the most fearsome features of neoplastic tissues. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms is of utmost importance to improve patients' prognosis. The liver is the most frequent target of CRC metastasis, and new evidence reveals that the gut microbiota may yield an effect on CRC diffusion to the liver, thus defining an intriguing new facet of the so-called "gut-liver axis". In this review, we aim to summarize the most recent data about the microbiota's role in promoting or preventing hepatic metastasis from CRC, highlighting some potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (G.P.); (L.G.); (F.T.); (G.E.); (M.E.A.); (A.G.)
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2
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF. The preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins on colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review based on up-to-date experimental studies. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113028. [PMID: 37316089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. More than 75% of CRC cases are sporadic and lifestyle-related. Risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, genetics, smoking, alcohol, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The limits of conventional treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), as demonstrated by the side effects and resistance of many CRC patients, are making professionals search for new chemopreventive alternatives. In this context, diets rich in fruits and vegetables or plant-based products, which contain high levels of phytochemicals, have been postulated as complementary therapeutic options. Anthocyanins, phenolic pigments responsible for the vivid colors of most red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables, have been shown protective effects on CRC. Berries, grapes, Brazilian fruits, and vegetables such as black rice and purple sweet potato are examples of products rich in anthocyanins, which have been able to reduce cancer development by modulating signaling pathways associated with CRC. Therefore, this review has as main objective to present and discuss the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables, in plant extracts, or in their pure form on CRC, taking into account up-to-date experimental studies (2017-2023). Additionally, a highlight is given towards the mechanisms of action of anthocyanins on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism (LANUM), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (DECAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Rd, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Study and Research Group on Agroindustrial Products from the Cerrado (GEPPAC), Faculty of Engineering (FAEN), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados-Itahum Highway Km 12, 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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3
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Blanco I, Marquina M, Tura-Ceide O, Ferrer E, Ramírez AM, Lopez-Meseguer M, Callejo M, Perez-Vizcaino F, Peinado VI, Barberà JA. Survivin inhibition with YM155 ameliorates experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145994. [PMID: 37188265 PMCID: PMC10176173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis underlies the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current vasodilator treatment of PAH does not target the uncontrolled proliferative process in pulmonary arteries. Proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway may play a role in PAH and their inhibition might represent a potential therapeutic target. Survivin is a member of the apoptosis inhibitor protein family involved in cell proliferation. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the potential role of survivin in the pathogenesis of PAH and the effects of its inhibition. Methods: In SU5416/hypoxia-induced PAH mice we assessed the expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry, western-blot analysis, and RT-PCR; the expression of proliferation-related genes (Bcl2 and Mki67); and the effects of the survivin inhibitor YM155. In explanted lungs from patients with PAH we assessed the expression of survivin, BCL2 and MKI67. Results: SU5416/hypoxia mice showed increased expression of survivin in pulmonary arteries and lung tissue extract, and upregulation of survivin, Bcl2 and Mki67 genes. Treatment with YM155 reduced right ventricle (RV) systolic pressure, RV thickness, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the expression of survivin, Bcl2, and Mki67 to values similar to those in control animals. Lungs of patients with PAH also showed increased expression of survivin in pulmonary arteries and lung extract, and also that of BCL2 and MKI67 genes, compared with control lungs. Conclusion: We conclude that survivin might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH and that its inhibition with YM155 might represent a novel therapeutic approach that warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Blanco,
| | - Maribel Marquina
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Ferrer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Ramírez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Callejo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Ivo Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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BRCA mutations lead to XIAP overexpression and sensitise ovarian cancer to inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:488-499. [PMID: 35501389 PMCID: PMC9345958 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that inhibitor of apoptosis family (IAP) proteins may be altered in BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancers and that could affect the sensitivity to IAP inhibitors. Methods The levels of IAP proteins were evaluated in human cancers and cell lines. Cell lines were used to determine the effects of IAP inhibitors. The in vivo effects of treatments were evaluated in PDX mouse models. Results Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is increased in BRCA1-mutated cancers and high levels are associated with improved patient outcomes after platinum chemotherapy. XIAP overexpression is mediated by NF-kB activation and is associated with an optimisation of PARP. BRCA1-mutated cell lines are particularly sensitive to IAP inhibitors due to an inhibitory effect on PARP. Both a BRCA1-mutated cell line with acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors and one with restored BRCA1 remain sensitive to IAP inhibitors. Treatment with IAP inhibitors restores the efficacy of PARP inhibition in these cell lines. The IAP inhibitor LCL161 alone and in combination with a PARP inhibitor, exhibited antitumour effects in PDX mouse models of resistant BRCA2 and 1-mutated ovarian cancer, respectively. Conclusion A clinical trial may be justified to further investigate the utility of IAP inhibitors.
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Cianciosi D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Regolo L, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quinzi D, Sargenti A, Bai W, Tian L, Giampieri F, Battino M. Manuka honey in combination with 5-Fluorouracil decreases physical parameters of colonspheres enriched with cancer stem-like cells and reduces their resistance to apoptosis. Food Chem 2021; 374:131753. [PMID: 34883427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Manuka honey and its combination with 5-Fu, the most common drug used in the treatment of colon cancer, on the morphological and physical parameters of colonspheres enriched with cancer stem-like cells deriving from HCT-116 colon adenocarcinoma cell line and on the apoptosis rate. Manuka honey, alone and more in combination with 5-Fu, reduced the weight, the diameter and mass density of the spheroids and induced apoptosis through the downregulation of many apoptosis inhibitors, including IAPs (Livin, Survivin, XIAP), IGFs (IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-IR) and HSPs (HSP-27, HSP-60 and HSP-70). These results led to a reduction in the survival ability of cancer stem-like cells, as well as to a chemosensitizing effect of honey towards 5-Fu, considering that apoptosis resistance is one of the main causes of cancer stem-like cells chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Regolo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos. Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador 170157, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denise Quinzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Azzurra Sargenti
- CellDynamics isrl, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander 39011, Spain; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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FernÁndez-Rojas MA, Melendez-Zajgla J, Lagunas VM. lincRNA-RP11400K9.4 Regulates Cell Survival and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:769-779. [PMID: 33099478 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Several works in the past decades pointed out the key role of long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) in breast cancer development. Here in we report for first time the importance of deregulation of lincRNA RP11-400K9.4 in breast cancer cells which played a role in cell survival and migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS After RP11-400K9.4 silencing by short hairpin RNAs or overexpression by GeneBlocks, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), microarray, migration, proliferation and viability assay were performed. RESULTS RP11-400K9.4 expression was mainly in the cytoplasmic fraction in 2D culture. Overexpression of RP11-400K9.4 led to a reduction of migration by MCF-7 and MDA-MB-368 cells and an increase in cellular survival after UV-C radiation. Bioinformatic analyses highlighted irradiation-induced DNA damage, DNA repair and cell-cycle pathways as the mainly affected by RP11-400K9.4. Furthermore RT-PCR assay demonstrated the overexpression of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3) a known oncogene that promotes radiotherapy resistance through the nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB) pathway. CONCLUSION RP11-400K9.4 participates in the modulation of migration and survival processes probably via the BIRC3/NFĸB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
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LaPlante G, Zhang W. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34203106 PMCID: PMC8235664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting other UPS components. On the other hand, while the discovery of potent and selective chemical compounds can be both challenging and time consuming, the area of targeted protein degradation through utilization of the UPS machinery has seen promising developments in recent years. The repertoire of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ E3 ligases for the degradation of cancer-related proteins via the proteasome, continues to grow. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of small-molecule UPS inhibitors and highlight advancements in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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He X, Nie Y, Zhong M, Li S, Li X, Guo Y, Liu Z, Gao Y, Ding F, Wen D, Zhang Y. New organoselenides (NSAIDs-Se derivatives) as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico calculations. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113384. [PMID: 33799070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein we reported the synthesis of twenty new organoselenium compounds (2a-2j and 3a-3j) based on the hybridization of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) skeleton and organoselenium motif (-SeCN and -SeCF3), the anticancer activity was evaluated against four types of cancer cell lines, Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma cells), BGC-823 (human gastric cancer cells), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cells), PC-3 (human prostatic cancer cells). Interestingly, the introduction of the -SeCN or -SeCF3 moiety in corresponding parent NSAIDs results in the significant effect on cancer cell lines. Moreover, the most active compound 3a showed IC50 values lower than 5 μM against the four cancer cell lines, particularly to BGC-823 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 2.5 and 2.7 μM, respectively. Furthermore, three compounds 3a, 3g and 3i were selected to investigate their ability to induce apoptosis in BGC-823 cells via modulating the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2) and proapoptotic caspase-8 protein. The redox properties of the NSAIDs-Se derivatives prepared herein were conducted by 2, 2-didiphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), bleomycin dependent DNA damage and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like assays. Finally, molecular docking study revealed that an interaction with the active site of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and predicted the anticancer activity of the synthesized candidates. Overall, these results could serve a promising launch point for further design of NSAIDs-Se derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianran He
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yousong Nie
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yangguang Gao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Colorectal Cancer-A Promising Signaling Network for Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040624. [PMID: 33557398 PMCID: PMC7916307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor suppressor 53 (p53) is a multifunctional protein that regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis and metabolic pathways. In colorectal cancer (CRC), mutations of the gene occur in 60% of patients and are associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and resistance to anti-cancer therapy. In addition, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are distinguished biomarkers overexpressed in CRC that impact on a diverse set of signaling pathways associated with the regulation of apoptosis/autophagy, cell migration, cell cycle and DNA damage response. As these mechanisms are further firmly controlled by p53, a transcriptional and post-translational regulation of IAPs by p53 is expected to occur in cancer cells. Here, we aim to review the molecular regulatory mechanisms between IAPs and p53 and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting their interrelationship by multimodal treatment options. Abstract Despite recent advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), patient’s individual response and clinical follow-up vary considerably with tumor intrinsic factors to contribute to an enhanced malignancy and therapy resistance. Among these markers, upregulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family effects on tumorigenesis and radiation- and chemo-resistance by multiple pathways, covering a hampered induction of apoptosis/autophagy, regulation of cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. These mechanisms are tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor p53 and thus transcriptional and post-translational regulation of IAPs by p53 is expected to occur in malignant cells. By this, cellular IAP1/2, X-linked IAP, Survivin, BRUCE and LIVIN expression/activity, as well as their intracellular localization is controlled by p53 in a direct or indirect manner via modulating a multitude of mechanisms. These cover, among others, transcriptional repression and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathway. In addition, p53 mutations contribute to deregulated IAP expression and resistance to therapy. This review aims at highlighting the mechanistic and clinical importance of IAP regulation by p53 in CRC and describing potential therapeutic strategies based on this interrelationship.
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Kosmidou V, Vlassi M, Anagiotos K, Raftopoulou S, Kalogerakou E, Skarmalioraki S, Aggeli C, Choreftaki T, Zografos G, Pintzas A. Noxa upregulation and 5-gene apoptotic biomarker panel in colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13353. [PMID: 32682341 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOXA and MCL1 are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, where Noxa selectively binds to MCL1 and prevents it from inhibiting apoptosis. Both factors are considered as potential tumour biomarkers, while MCL1 has attracted interest as target in cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of NOXA and MCL1 in 160 CRC tumour samples, to investigate their significance, also in combination with IAPs, DR5 expression and KRAS gene mutations in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh frozen colorectal tissue was obtained from patients undergoing surgery for CRC. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed for the determination of mRNA expression levels. Protein expression was determined immunohistochemically. Differences in the mRNA expression profile were evaluated with the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of Mann-Whitney U test and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS NOXA was found to be overexpressed in CRC tumours (P < .0001), even from early stage. Moreover, NOXA/MCL1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in tumour samples compared to normal pairs (P < .0001). ROC curve analysis showed that both NOXA expression and its combination with Mcl1 expression have fair discriminatory value between CRC and normal colorectal tissue. Combinatorial ROC analysis revealed the most significant discriminatory value of NOXA, MCL1 with cIAP1 and cIAP2 (AUC = 0.834, P < .0001) as a 5-gene panel of markers. CONCLUSION Noxa, Mcl1, DR5, cIAP1 and cIAP2 mRNA expressions are significantly deregulated in CRC and could provide a panel of markers with significant discriminatory value between CRC and normal colorectal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kosmidou
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Vlassi
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Anagiotos
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Raftopoulou
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Kalogerakou
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Salomi Skarmalioraki
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Aggeli
- 3rd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Choreftaki
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pintzas
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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11
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Fichtner M, Bozkurt E, Salvucci M, McCann C, McAllister KA, Halang L, Düssmann H, Kinsella S, Crawford N, Sessler T, Longley DB, Prehn JHM. Molecular subtype-specific responses of colon cancer cells to the SMAC mimetic Birinapant. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1020. [PMID: 33257690 PMCID: PMC7705699 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. Responses to genotoxic chemotherapy in the adjuvant or palliative setting vary greatly between patients, and colorectal cancer cells often resist chemotherapy by evading apoptosis. Antagonists of an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) can restore defective apoptosis signaling by degrading cIAP1 and cIAP2 proteins and by inhibition of XIAP. Due to the multiple molecular mechanisms-of-action of these targets, responses to IAP antagonist may differ between molecularly distinct colon cancer cells. In this study, responses to the IAP antagonist Birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated in 14 colon cancer cell lines, representing the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). Treatment with Birinapant alone did not result in a substantial increase in apoptotic cells in this cell line panel. Annexin-V/PI assays quantified by flow cytometry and high-content screening showed that Birinapant increased responses of CMS1 and partially CMS3 cell lines to oxaliplatin/5-FU, whereas CMS2 cells were not effectively sensitized. FRET-based imaging of caspase-8 and -3 activation validated these differences at the single-cell level, with CMS1 cells displaying sustained activation of caspase-8-like activity during Birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-FU co-treatment, ultimately activating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In CMS2 cell lines, Birinapant exhibited synergistic effects in combination with TNFα, suggesting that Birinapant can restore extrinsic apoptosis signaling in the context of inflammatory signals in this subtype. To explore this further, we co-cultured CMS2 and CMS1 colon cancer cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We observed increased cell death during Birinapant single treatment in these co-cultures, which was abrogated by anti-TNFα-neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IAP inhibition is a promising modulator of response to oxaliplatin/5-FU in colorectal cancers of the CMS1 subtype, and may show promise as in the CMS2 subtype, suggesting that molecular subtyping may aid as a patient stratification tool for IAP antagonists in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher McCann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Luise Halang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Cellular Mechanisms Accounting for the Refractoriness of Colorectal Carcinoma to Pharmacological Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092605. [PMID: 32933095 PMCID: PMC7563523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes a high number (more than 800,000) of deaths worldwide each year. Better methods for early diagnosis and the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic approaches used to complement or substitute surgical removal of the tumor are urgently needed. Currently available pharmacological armamentarium provides very moderate benefits to patients due to the high resistance of tumor cells to respond to anticancer drugs. The present review summarizes and classifies into seven groups the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) accounting for the failure of CRC response to the pharmacological treatment. Abstract The unsatisfactory response of colorectal cancer (CRC) to pharmacological treatment contributes to the substantial global health burden caused by this disease. Over the last few decades, CRC has become the cause of more than 800,000 deaths per year. The reason is a combination of two factors: (i) the late cancer detection, which is being partially solved by the implementation of mass screening of adults over age 50, permitting earlier diagnosis and treatment; (ii) the inadequate response of advanced unresectable tumors (i.e., stages III and IV) to pharmacological therapy. The latter is due to the existence of complex mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOCs) that interact and synergize with each other, rendering CRC cells strongly refractory to the available pharmacological regimens based on conventional chemotherapy, such as pyrimidine analogs (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, trifluridine, and tipiracil), oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, as well as drugs targeted toward tyrosine kinase receptors (regorafenib, aflibercept, bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, and ramucirumab), and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, ipilimumab, and pembrolizumab). In the present review, we have inventoried the genes involved in the lack of CRC response to pharmacological treatment, classifying them into seven groups (from MOC-1 to MOC-7) according to functional criteria to identify cancer cell weaknesses. This classification will be useful to pave the way for developing sensitizing tools consisting of (i) new agents to be co-administered with the active drug; (ii) pharmacological approaches, such as drug encapsulation (e.g., into labeled liposomes or exosomes); (iii) gene therapy interventions aimed at restoring the impaired function of some proteins (e.g., uptake transporters and tumor suppressors) or abolishing that of others (such as export pumps and oncogenes).
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13
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Macejová M, Sačková V, Hradická P, Jendželovský R, Demečková V, Fedoročko P. Combination of photoactive hypericin and Manumycin A exerts multiple anticancer effects on oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Davoodvandi A, Shabani Varkani M, Clark CCT, Jafarnejad S. Quercetin as an anticancer agent: Focus on esophageal cancer. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13374. [PMID: 32686158 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is regarded as the sixth highest contributor to all cancer-related mortality, worldwide. In spite of advances in the treatment of EC, currently used methods remain ineffective. Quercetin, as a dietary antioxidant, is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols, and can be found in numerous vegetables, fruits, and herbs. Quercetin can affect the processes of cancer-related diseases via cell proliferation inhibitory effects, potential apoptosis effects, and antioxidant properties. Of the various types of cancer, the use of quercetin has now become prominent in the treatment of EC. In this review, we discuss how quercetin may be an important supplement for the prevention, treatment, and management of EC, owing to its natural origin, and low-cost relative to synthetic cancer drugs. However, most findings cited in the current study are based on in vitro and in vivo studies, and thus, further human-based research is necessitated. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In spite of advances in the treatment of esophageal cancer, currently used methods remain ineffective, therefore, an alternative or complementary therapy is required. Quercetin, as a dietary antioxidant, can affect the processes of cancer-related diseases via cell proliferation inhibitory effects, potential proapoptotic functions, and antioxidant properties. Quercetin may be an important supplement for the prevention, treatment, and management of EC, owing to its natural origin. The low cost of quercetin as supplement or dietary intake, relative to synthetic cancer drugs, is an advantage of the compound which should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Cain C T Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Zurawa-Janicka D, Kobiela J, Slebioda T, Peksa R, Stanislawowski M, Wierzbicki PM, Wenta T, Lipinska B, Kmiec Z, Biernat W, Lachinski AJ, Sledzinski Z. Expression of HTRA Genes and Its Association with Microsatellite Instability and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3947. [PMID: 32486357 PMCID: PMC7312515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HtrA proteases regulate cellular homeostasis and cell death. Their dysfunctions have been correlated with oncogenesis and response to therapeutic treatment. We investigated the relation between HtrA1-3 expression and clinicopathological, and survival data, as well as the microsatellite status of tumors. Sixty-five colorectal cancer patients were included in the study. The expression of HTRA1-3 was estimated at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Microsatellite status was determined by high-resolution-melting PCR. We found that the HTRA1 mRNA level was higher in colorectal cancer tissue as compared to the unchanged mucosa, specifically in primary lesions of metastasizing cancer. The levels of HtrA1 and HtrA2 proteins were reduced in tumor tissue when compared to unchanged mucosa, specifically in primary lesions of metastasizing disease. Moreover, a decrease in HTRA1 and HTRA2 transcripts' levels in cancers with a high level of microsatellite instability compared to microsatellite stable ones has been observed. A low level of HtrA1 or/and HtrA2 in cancer tissue correlated with poorer patient survival. The expression of HTRA1 and HTRA2 changes during colorectal carcinogenesis and microsatellite instability may be, at least partially, associated with these changes. The alterations in the HTRA1/2 genes' expression are connected with metastatic potential of colorectal cancer and may affect patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tomasz Slebioda
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Rafal Peksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (R.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Marcin Stanislawowski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Piotr Mieczyslaw Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (R.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Andrzej Jacek Lachinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Sledzinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.J.L.); (Z.S.)
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16
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Nie Y, Zhong M, Li S, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, He X. Synthesis and Potential Anticancer Activity of Some Novel Selenocyanates and Diselenides. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900603. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Nie
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus Guanggu 1st road Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchJianghan University Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone Wuhan 430056 P. R. China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co.Ltd., Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co.Ltd., Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireCNRS UMR 7201Sorbonne Université 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Youhong Zhang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus Guanggu 1st road Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Xianran He
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchJianghan University Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone Wuhan 430056 P. R. China
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17
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Kotelevets L, Chastre E. Rac1 Signaling: From Intestinal Homeostasis to Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030665. [PMID: 32178475 PMCID: PMC7140047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in a variety of dynamic cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, cell-cell contacts, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness. These processes are orchestrated through the fine tuning of Rac1 activity by upstream cell surface receptors and effectors that regulate the cycling Rac1-GDP (off state)/Rac1-GTP (on state), but also through the tuning of Rac1 accumulation, activity, and subcellular localization by post translational modifications or recruitment into molecular scaffolds. Another level of regulation involves Rac1 transcripts stability and splicing. Downstream, Rac1 initiates a series of signaling networks, including regulatory complex of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, activation of protein kinases (PAKs, MAPKs) and transcription factors (NFkB, Wnt/β-catenin/TCF, STAT3, Snail), production of reactive oxygen species (NADPH oxidase holoenzymes, mitochondrial ROS). Thus, this GTPase, its regulators, and effector systems might be involved at different steps of the neoplastic progression from dysplasia to the metastatic cascade. After briefly placing Rac1 and its effector systems in the more general context of intestinal homeostasis and in wound healing after intestinal injury, the present review mainly focuses on the several levels of Rac1 signaling pathway dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis, their biological significance, and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kotelevets
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eric Chastre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
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18
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Sezer ED, Oktay LM, Karadadaş E, Memmedov H, Selvi Gunel N, Sözmen E. Assessing Anticancer Potential of Blueberry Flavonoids, Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Gentisic Acid, Through Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Parameters on HCT-116 Cells. J Med Food 2019; 22:1118-1126. [PMID: 31241392 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, natural products gained popularity with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects mediated by chemical compounds within their composition. Study results offering them as palliative therapy options in cancer or as anticancer agents with high levels of cytotoxicity brought a new approach to combine cancer treatment protocols with these products. From a different perspective, edible types of these products are suggested in daily diets due to their potential cancer preventive effects. Our preliminary work was on blueberry extracts (Vaccinium myrtillus) as a main representative of these natural products, and the contents of the extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) to reveal the composition and distribution of polyphenolic compounds within. The most abundant polyphenols detected in V. myrtillus extracts were quercetin, kaempferol, and a phenolic acid, gentisic acid (GA). The compounds were further evaluated on treated HCT-116 cells for their potential anticancer effects by measuring total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels for evaluation of oxidative stress and through protein array analysis and flow cytometric analysis for evaluation of apoptosis. In analysis of oxidative stress parameters, reduced total oxidant levels and reduced oxidative stress index levels were found in cells treated with the compounds in comparison with untreated cells. In apoptosis-related protein profiles, at least twofold reduction in various apoptotic proteins was observed after quercetin and kaempferol treatment, whereas a different profile was observed for GA. Overall, results of this study showed that quercetin and kaempferol have strong cytotoxic, antioxidant, and apoptotic effects, although GA is mostly effective as an antioxidant polyphenol on HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Demirel Sezer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Latife Merve Oktay
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Elif Karadadaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Memmedov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Nur Selvi Gunel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Eser Sözmen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
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19
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HOTNOG CAMELIAMIA, MIHAILA MIRELA, PUIU LILIANA, BOTEZATU ANCA, ROMAN VIVIANA, POPESCU IULIADANA, BOSTAN MARINELA, BRASOVEANU LORELEIIRINA. Modulation of the interplay between p53, ICAM-1 and VEGF in drug-treated LoVo colon cancer cells. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.2/261.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Targeting the BIR Domains of Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) Proteins in Cancer Treatment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:142-150. [PMID: 30766663 PMCID: PMC6360406 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are characterized by the presence of the conserved baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain that is involved in protein-protein interactions. IAPs were initially thought to be mainly responsible for caspase inhibition, acting as negative regulators of apoptosis, but later works have shown that IAPs also control a plethora of other different cellular pathways. As X-linked IAP (XIAP), and other IAP, levels are often deregulated in cancer cells and have been shown to correlate with patients' prognosis, several approaches have been pursued to inhibit their activity in order to restore apoptosis. Many small molecules have been designed to target the BIR domains, the vast majority being inspired by the N-terminal tetrapeptide of Second Mitochondria-derived Activator of Caspases/Direct IAp Binding with Low pI (Smac/Diablo), which is the natural XIAP antagonist. These compounds are therefore usually referred to as Smac mimetics (SMs). Despite the fact that SMs were intended to specifically target XIAP, it has been shown that they also interact with cellular IAP-1 (cIAP1) and cIAP2, promoting their proteasome-dependent degradation. SMs have been tested in combination with several cytotoxic compounds and are now considered promising immune modulators which can be exploited in cancer therapy, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of the structural hot-spots of BIRs, focusing on their fold and on the peculiar structural patches which characterize the diverse BIRs. These structures are exploited/exploitable for the development of specific and active IAP inhibitors.
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21
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Weng W, Guo B, Cai G, Ma Y, Cai S. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil by upregulation of BIRC3 expression in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:14. [PMID: 30630498 PMCID: PMC6327560 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests a potential relationship between gut microbiota and the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs including 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been linked to the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, little was known about the relationship between Fn infection and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Here, we investigate the potential relationship between Fn infection and chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-Fu in CRC. Methods Differentially expressed genes of CRC cell lines induced by Fn infection were analyzed based on a whole genome microarray analysis Then, we explored the relationship between upregulation of BIRC3 induced by Fn infection and chemoresistance to 5-Fu in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we dissected the mechanisms involved in Fn-induced BIRC3 expression. Finally, we investigated the clinical relevance of Fn infection, BIRC3 protein expression and chemoresistance to 5-Fu treatment in CRC patients. Results BIRC3 was the most upregulated gene induced by Fn infection via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in CRC cells; Fn infection reduced the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-Fu through upregulation of BIRC3 in vitro and in vivo. High Fn abundance correlated with chemoresistance in advanced CRC patients who received standard 5-Fu-based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery. Conclusions Our evidence suggests that Fn and BIRC3 may serve as promising therapeutic targets for reducing chemoresistance to 5-Fu treatment in advanced CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0985-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Guo
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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22
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Potential Involvement of BIRC5 in Maintaining Pluripotency and Cell Differentiation of Human Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8727925. [PMID: 30774747 PMCID: PMC6350561 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8727925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The BIRC5 gene encodes a survivin protein belonging to class III of inhibitors of apoptosis, IAP. This protein serves a dual role. First, it regulates cell death, and second, it is an important regulator of mitosis progression, although its physiological regulatory function has not been fully understood. Many studies have shown and confirmed that survivin is practically absent in mature tissues in nature, while its overexpression has been reported in many cancerous tissues. There is little information about the significance of BIRC5 expression in normal adult human stem cells. This paper presents the study and analysis of survivin expression at the transcription level using qPCR method, in hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood mobilized with a granulocyte growth factor, adherent cells derived from the umbilical cord, and normal bone marrow stem cells. The expression of this gene was also examined in the blood of normal healthy individuals. The results of the analysis have shown that the more mature the cells are, the lower the expression of the BIRC5 gene is. The lowest expression has been found in peripheral blood cells, while the highest in normal bone marrow cells. The more the CD34+ and CD105 cells in the tested material are, the higher the BIRC5 expression is. Stem cells from cell culture show higher BIRC5 expression. The study confirms the involvement of BIRC5 from the IAP family in many physiological processes apart from apoptosis inhibition. The possible effect of BIRC5 on cell proliferation; involvement in cell cycle, cell differentiation, survival, and maintenance of stem cells; and the possible effect of IAP on the antineoplastic properties of mesenchymal stem cells have been demonstrated. Our research suggests that BIRC5 may be responsible for the condition of stem cell pluripotency and its high expression may also be responsible for the dedifferentiation of tumor cells.
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Xu B, Li S, Lv W, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Lin J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the underlying pro-malignant functions of Gankyrin for colorectal cancer via affecting tumor necrosis factor pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1011-1016. [PMID: 29883699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently increasing evidence had indicated Gankyrin play an important role for the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its function mechanisms remain unclear. The goal of this study was to further illuminate the roles of Gankyrin in CRC using microarray data. METHODS The microarray data of CRC was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE44029. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the LIMMA method, and then protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen crucial genes associated with Gankyrin. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the underlying functions of DEGs using DAVID tool. RESULTS A total of 712 genes were identified as DEGs, including 15 upregulated genes and 697 downregulated genes. Go enrichment analysis indicated that Gankyrin was involved in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. A PPI network including 586 nodes and 654 edges was constructed, in which BIRC3 and PSMB9 were demonstrated to be the hub genes associated with Gankyrin. CONCLUSION Our present study preliminarily revealed that the pro-malignant effects of Gankyrin in CRC cells may be mediated by affecting TNF signaling pathway via changing the expression of the crucial enriched genes (BIRC3 and PSMB9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Wu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China.
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Liu S, Li X, Li Q, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhuo H, Li C, Zhu H. Silencing Livin improved the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by regulating crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7707-7715. [PMID: 29740490 PMCID: PMC5934728 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Currently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of CRC; however, 5-FU resistance during treatment has become a common problem. Livin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is considered to be associated with tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In the present study, Livin-silenced cells were generated by introducing a lentivirus into HCT116 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used as an indicator of cell death. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression levels, and transmission electron microscopy was used to assess autophagy. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5-FU in colon cancer cells was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The results of the present study confirmed that silencing Livin significantly enhanced colon cancer cell death in the presence of 5-FU, increased expression levels of various apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins and augmented chemotherapeutic sensitivity to 5-FU. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that this effect may be reversed when autophagy or apoptosis was inhibited, indicating that apoptosis and autophagy were involved in this process. The protein kinase B signaling pathway and B-cell lymphoma-2 expression levels significantly decreased following Livin knockdown, suggesting they may contribute to the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy crosstalk, which caused the Livin knockdown-induced cell death observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng, Shandong 251200, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hongqing Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chensheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Kaifeng Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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25
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Werner TA, Nolten I, Dizdar L, Riemer JC, Schütte SC, Verde PE, Raba K, Schott M, Knoefel WT, Krieg A. IAPs cause resistance to TRAIL-dependent apoptosis in follicular thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:295-308. [PMID: 29317481 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Follicular thyroid cancer's (FTC) excellent long-term prognosis is mainly dependent on postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. However, once the tumour becomes refractory, the 10-year disease-specific survival rate drops below 10%. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic and biological role of the TRAIL system in FTC and to elucidate the influence of small-molecule-mediated antagonisation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) on TRAIL sensitivity in vitro Tissue microarrays were constructed from forty-four patients with histologically confirmed FTC. Expression levels of TRAIL and its receptors were correlated with clinicopathological data and overall as well as recurrence-free survival. Non-iodine-retaining FTC cell lines TT2609-bib2 and FTC133 were treated with recombinant human TRAIL alone and in combination with Smac mimetics GDC-0152 or Birinapant. TRAIL-R2/DR5 as well as TRAIL-R3/DcR1 and TRAIL-R4/DcR2 were significantly higher expressed in advanced tumour stages. Both decoy receptors were negatively associated with recurrence-free and overall survival. TRAIL-R4/DcR2 additionally proved to be an independent negative prognostic marker in FTC (HR = 1.446, 95% CI: 1.144-1.826; P < 0.001). In vitro, the co-incubation of Birinapant or GDC-0152 with rh-TRAIL-sensitised FTC cell lines for TRAIL-induced apoptosis, through degradation of cIAP1/2. The TRAIL system plays an important role in FTC tumour biology. Its decoy receptors are associated with poor prognosis as well as earlier recurrence. The specific degradation of cIAP1/2 sensitises FTC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and might highlight a new point of attack in patients with RAI refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werner
- Department of Surgery (A)Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Nolten
- Department of Surgery (A)Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Levent Dizdar
- Department of Surgery (A)Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin C Riemer
- Institute of PathologyHeinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sina C Schütte
- Department of Surgery (A)Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Pablo E Verde
- Coordination Centre for Clinical TrialsHeinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Raba
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell TherapeuticsHeinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- Division of EndocrinologyHeinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A)Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A)Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Falkenhorst J, Grunewald S, Mühlenberg T, Marino-Enriquez A, Reis AC, Corless C, Heinrich M, Treckmann J, Podleska LE, Schuler M, Fletcher JA, Bauer S. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are commonly dysregulated in GIST and can be pharmacologically targeted to enhance the pro-apoptotic activity of imatinib. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41390-41403. [PMID: 27167336 PMCID: PMC5173067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) exhibit a strong oncogenic dependency on KIT and KIT inhibitors confer long lasting disease stabilization in the majority of patients. Nonetheless, KIT inhibition alone does not cure GIST as a subset of GIST cells evade apoptosis and eventually develop resistance. Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) may confer resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. We observed that the mRNA and protein of IAPs XIAP (BIRC4) and survivin (BIRC5) were highly expressed in primary GIST tumors and cell line models. Amplification of the respective gene loci (BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC4, BIRC5) was detected in 47% of GIST studied by SNP arrays. Whole exome analyses revealed a mutation of SMAC(DIABLO) in a heavily pretreated patient. Both, survivin (rank 62-92/11.194 tested proteins) and XIAP (rank 106-557/11.194) were found to be essential proteins for survival in a synthetic lethality screen. Expression of XIAP and survivin decreased upon KIT inhibition and may play a role in KIT-regulated pro-survival signaling. SMAC-mimetic treatment with LCL161 and TL32711 reduced cIAP1 and XIAP expression. Survivin inhibitor YM155 lead to transcriptional repression of BIRC5/survivin (YM155) and induced apoptosis. Combinational treatment with KIT inhibitors (imatinib, regorafenib) enhanced the proapoptotic effect. These findings support the combination of KIT inhibition with IAP antagonists in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Falkenhorst
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Grunewald
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mühlenberg
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Carina Reis
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Erik Podleska
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Bauer
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Recurring Amplification at 11q22.1-q22.2 Locus Plays an Important Role in Lymph Node Metastasis and Radioresistance in OSCC. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16051. [PMID: 29167558 PMCID: PMC5700126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature in the pathogenesis of OSCC is genetic instability, which results in altered expression of genes located in amplified/deleted chromosomal regions. In a previous study we have shown that the amplification of the 11q22.1-q22.2 region, encoding cIAP1 and cIAP2, is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor clinical outcome in OSCC. Here, we validate the aCGH results by nuc ish and detect a weak amplification at the 11q22.1-q22.2 locus in 37% of the 182 samples tested. We find positive correlation of 11q22.1-q22.2 amplification with lymph node metastasis, reduced survival, and increased cancer recurrence, and we observe that patients with 11q22.1-q22.2 amplification fail to respond to radiotherapy. We confirm the concurrent overexpression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 and observe differential subcellular localization of the two proteins in OSCC. To ascertain the roles of cIAP1/cIAP2 in lymph node metastasis and radioresistance, we use an in vitro pre-clinical model and confirm the role of cIAP1 in invasion and the role of cIAP2 in invasion and migration. Studies of other tumor types in which cIAP1 is overexpressed suggest that multi-regimen treatments including SMAC mimetics may be effective. Thus, the evaluation of 11q22.1-q22.2 amplifications in OSCC patients may help choose the most effective treatment.
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28
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Taniguchi F, Uegaki T, Nakamura K, Mon KY, Harada T, Ohbayashi T, Harada T. Inhibition of IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) proteins represses inflammatory status via
nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in murine endometriosis lesions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Takashi Uegaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Kazuomi Nakamura
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Khine Yin Mon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Takashi Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
| | - Tasuku Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Research Center for Bioscience and Technology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Yonago Japan
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29
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Choi JY, Yoon H, Na G, Choi YJ, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Evaluation of the Expression of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Family and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Adenoma. J Cancer Prev 2017; 22:98-102. [PMID: 28698863 PMCID: PMC5503221 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2017.22.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family increases in patients with colon cancer. We evaluated the expression of the IAP family and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in normal colon mucosa from patients with advanced colorectal adenoma and investigated their features according to characteristics of advanced colorectal adenoma. Methods While resections of polyps were performed in patients (n = 80) diagnosed with advanced colorectal adenoma or carcinoma in situ, additional normal tissues were obtained from the sigmoid colon. In healthy patients (n = 16), blind biopsies were performed on the sigmoid colon. The expression of the IAP family, including survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, and hTERT, were analyzed by real-time PCR in both groups. Results A total of 80 advanced colorectal adenoma patients (71.3% male, mean age of 60.4 years) and 16 control patients were enrolled in this study. The mean ranking of cIAP2 was higher in the control group (68.88 vs. 44.43, P = 0.001). The expression levels of hTERT, survivin, XIAP, and cIAP from both groups showed no differences. The expression of survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, and hTERT depending on certain factors of advanced adenoma, including the number (two or fewer vs. three or more), size (smaller than 1 cm vs. larger than 1 cm), grade of dysplasia (low grade adenoma vs. high grade adenoma), pathology (tubular adenoma vs. villous adenoma), and presence of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasms, showed no significant correlations in the Mann-Whitney U-test. Conclusions The expression of the IAP family and hTERT, except cIAP2, in the normal mucosa of patients with advanced colorectal adenoma were not different from those of the control group. There were no differences in the IAP family and hTERT according to the characteristics of advanced adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gyeongjae Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Enzenhofer E, Kadletz L, Stanisz I, Kotowski U, Seemann R, Schmid R, Thurnher D, Heiduschka G. Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Head Neck 2017; 39:900-907. [PMID: 28170128 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenesis is determined by various epigenetic events, such as histone deacetylation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the new histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. METHODS The cytotoxicity of resminostat and cisplatin on HNSCC cell lines SCC25, CAL27, and FaDu was determined using CCK-8 cell proliferation assay and combination index analysis. Cells were irradiated with 2 to 8 Gray. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and expression of Mcl-1, p-AKT, and survivin was investigated. RESULTS Treatment with resminostat showed a decrease of cell proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. In addition, a synergistic effect with cisplatin as well as with radiation treatment could be observed. Induction of cell death and dose-dependent downregulation of survivin was evident in all cell lines. CONCLUSION Resminostat is a promising treatment of HNSCC because of its antiproliferative, chemosensitizing, and radiosensitizing effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 900-907, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Enzenhofer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Stanisz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulana Kotowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Seemann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmid
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Thurnher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Shintani M, Tashiro A, Sangawa A, Yamao N, Kamoshida S. Expression of chromosomal regional maintenance protein-1 may be associated with subcellular survivin expression in human gastric and colorectal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 12:4630-4634. [PMID: 28105170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is a potential prognostic marker and molecular target for anticancer therapies. Chromosomal regional maintenance protein-1 (CRM-1) mediates the nuclear export of proteins such as survivin. The aims of the present study were to compare the expression and subcellular localization of CRM-1 in human gastric and colorectal carcinomas and to assess the association between CRM-1 and survivin expression in these tumor types. The nuclear and cytoplasmic CRM-1 expression rates in gastric carcinoma were 61% (42/69) and 29% (20/69), respectively, while the nuclear and cytoplasmic CRM-1 expression rates in colorectal carcinoma were 55% (43/78) and 37% (29/78), respectively. Nuclear and cytoplasmic CRM-1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression in colorectal carcinoma, but not gastric carcinoma. These results indicate that CRM-1 expression patterns differ between gastric and colorectal carcinomas and thus, we hypothesize that CRM-1-mediated nuclear export of survivin may be deregulated in gastric carcinoma. Therefore, CRM-1 may exhibit different functions in gastric and colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Shintani
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Akito Tashiro
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Akiko Sangawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
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32
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Yang L, Wang Y, Zheng H, Zhang D, Wu X, Sun G, Yang T. Low-dose 5-fluorouracil sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through TRAIL receptor DR5 and survivin-dependent mechanisms. J Chemother 2017; 29:179-188. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1277048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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33
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Li W, Lee MR, Choi E, Cho MY. Clinicopathologic Significance of Survivin Expression in Relation to CD133 Expression in Surgically Resected Stage II or III Colorectal Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 51:17-23. [PMID: 27989099 PMCID: PMC5267540 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.09.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells have been investigated as new targets for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. We recently reported that CD133+ colon cancer cells showed chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil through increased survivin expression and proposed the survivin inhibitor YM155 as an effective therapy for colon cancer in an in vitro study. Here, we investigate the relationship between survivin and CD133 expression in surgically resected CRC to identify whether the results obtained in our in vitro study are applicable to clinical samples. Methods We performed immunohistochemical staining for survivin and CD133 in surgically resected tissue from 187 stage II or III CRC patients. We also comparatively analyzed apoptosis according to survivin and CD133 expression using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling. Results The results of the Mantel-Haenszel test established a linear association between nuclear survivin and CD133 expression (p = .018), although neither had prognostic significance, according to immunohistochemical expression level. No correlation was found between survivin expression and the following pathological parameters: invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, or histologic differentiation (p > .05). The mean apoptotic index in survivin+ and CD133+ tumors was higher than that in negative tumors: 5.116 ± 4.894 in survivin+ versus 4.103 ± 3.691 in survivin– (p = .044); 5.165 ± 4.961 in CD133+ versus 4.231 ± 3.812 in CD133– (p = .034). Conclusions As observed in our in vitro study, survivin expression is significantly related to CD133 expression. Survivin may be considered as a new therapeutic target for chemoresistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Li
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - EunHee Choi
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Devetzi M, Kosmidou V, Vlassi M, Perysinakis I, Aggeli C, Choreftaki T, Zografos GN, Pintzas A. Death receptor 5 (DR5) and a 5-gene apoptotic biomarker panel with significant differential diagnostic potential in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36532. [PMID: 27827395 PMCID: PMC5101514 DOI: 10.1038/srep36532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) has been related to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, resistance to treatment and poor prognosis. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) through its receptors DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2) can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis. The mRNA expression of DR4, DR5, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP and BIRC5/Survivin genes was examined in 100 paired (cancerous-normal) colorectal tissue specimens by real-time PCR, 50 of which were KRAS wild-type and 50 KRAS-mutant. DR5, XIAP and BIRC5/Survivin genes are significantly up-regulated (p < 0.0001, p = 0.012 and p = 0.0003, respectively), whereas c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 genes are significantly down-regulated at mRNA and protein levels in CRC (p < 0.0001 for both). ROC analyses showed that DR5, cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression has discriminatory value between CRC and normal tissue (AUC = 0.700, p < 0.0001 for DR5; AUC = 0.628, p = 0.011 for cIAP1; AUC = 0.673, p < 0.0001 for cIAP2). Combinatorial ROC analysis revealed the marginally fair discriminatory value of 5 genes as a panel (AUC = 0.685, p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed significant association of cIAP2 down-regulation in CRC with lower overall survival probability of CRC patients (p = 0.0098). DR5, BIRC5/Survivin, XIAP, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 mRNA expression are significantly deregulated in CRC and could provide a panel of markers with significant discriminatory value between CRC and normal colorectal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Devetzi
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Vivian Kosmidou
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Vlassi
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Iraklis Perysinakis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G. Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Aggeli
- 3rd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G. Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Choreftaki
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Athens “G. Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios N. Zografos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G. Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pintzas
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Grañé-Boladeras N, Pérez-Torras S, Lozano JJ, Romero MR, Mazo A, Marín JJ, Pastor-Anglada M. Pharmacogenomic analyzis of the responsiveness of gastrointestinal tumor cell lines to drug therapy: A transportome approach. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:364-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Werner TA, Tamkan-Ölcek Y, Dizdar L, Riemer JC, Wolf A, Cupisti K, Verde PE, Knoefel WT, Krieg A. Survivin and XIAP: two valuable biomarkers in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:427-34. [PMID: 26882066 PMCID: PMC4815780 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for ∼5% of all thyroid malignancies. To date, surgery is the first-line therapy with curative intention. However, for advanced MTC, conventional chemotherapeutic agents do not provide convincing results. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers that can be antagonised by small-molecule therapeutics may lead to novel encouraging treatment options. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with surgically resected and histologically confirmed MTC were included in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed to assess the relationship between inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) survivin or XIAP expression levels and clinicopathological variables as well as overall survival. Results: High survivin or XIAP expression was associated with an advanced T-stage and metastatic disease. Whereas tissue expression levels of survivin correlated with serum calcitonin levels, XIAP was overexpressed in the subgroup of patients with sporadic MTC. Both IAPs were negatively associated with patient survival in the multivariate Cox regressions analysis (survivin: hazard ratio (HR) 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–2.16; P=0.001; XIAP: HR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.16–2.72; P=0.008). Conclusions: Survivin and XIAP demonstrate distinct expression patterns in MTCs, which are associated with advanced disease and poor prognosis. We thus provide first evidence that both IAPs might serve as viable targets in patients with MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werner
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasemin Tamkan-Ölcek
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Levent Dizdar
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin C Riemer
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Achim Wolf
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Surgery I, Ingolstadt Medical Center, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Kenko Cupisti
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Marien-Hospital Euskirchen, Euskirchen, Germany
| | - Pablo E Verde
- Coordination Center for Clinical Trials, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Inomata M, Akagi T, Nakajima K, Etoh T, Tahara K, Matsumoto T, Ogawa T, Fujii K, Shiromizu A, Kitano S. A prospective feasibility study to evaluate neoadjuvant-synchronous S-1 with radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A multicentre phase II trial. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:510-514. [PMID: 27073652 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment results of locally advanced rectal cancer without preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Japan do not differ from those of Western countries. Preoperative CRT with new anticancer agents may decrease local recurrence rate and prevent distant metastases, thus improving survival. We conducted a trial to evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant CRT using S-1 in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. A multi-institutional (17 specialized centres), interventional, phase II trial was conducted from April 2009 to August 2011. Patients fulfilling the following requirements before neoadjuvant CRT were included: histologically proven rectal carcinoma; tumour in the upper or lower rectum; cancer classified as T3-4 N0-3 M0. Neoadjuvant CRT with S-1 (80 mg/m2/day on days 1-5, 8-12, 22-26, and 29-33) and irradiation (total 45 Gy/25 fr, 1.8 Gy/day, on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, and 29-33) was performed. Total mesorectal excision with D3 lymphadenectomy was performed during weeks 4 and 8 after completion of neoadjuvant CRT. The primary endpoint was completion rate of neoadjuvant CRT. Secondary endpoints were response rate to neoadjuvant CRT, short-term clinical outcomes, curative resection rate, and pathologic response (grade 2/3). Of the 37 patients included, 86.5% completed neoadjuvant CRT (95% CI, 75.5-97.5%), and 10.8% (4) experienced an adverse event (grade 3/4). Response rate (RECIST 1.0) was 56.8% (95% CI, 40.8-72.7%), and pathologic response rate was 48.6% (95% CI, 32.5-64.8%). This study demonstrated that neoadjuvant-synchronous S-1+radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer was feasible in terms of pathologic response and adverse events. Registration number: UMIN-CTR, No. C003396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tomonori Akagi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tahara
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Oita Medical Center, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, Beppu 874-0011, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Bunyo 870-8511, Japan
| | - Kyuzo Fujii
- Department of Surgery, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, Nakatsu 871-8511, Japan
| | - Akio Shiromizu
- Department of Surgery, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita 870-0033, Japan
| | - Seigo Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Loss of Survivin in Intestinal Epithelial Progenitor Cells Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe and Breakdown of Gut Immune Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1062-1073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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A critical role for cellular inhibitor of protein 2 (cIAP2) in colitis-associated colorectal cancer and intestinal homeostasis mediated by the inflammasome and survival pathways. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:146-58. [PMID: 26037070 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) are critical arbiters of cell death and key mediators of inflammation and innate immunity. cIAP2 is frequently overexpressed in colorectal cancer and in regenerating crypts of ulcerative colitis patients. However, its corresponding functions in intestinal homeostasis and underlying mechanisms in disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. We found that mice deficient in cIAP2 exhibited reduced colitis-associated colorectal cancer tumor burden but, surprisingly, enhanced susceptibility to acute and chronic colitis. The exacerbated colitis phenotype of cIAP2-deficient mice was mediated by increased cell death and impaired activation of the regenerative inflammasome-interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway required for tissue repair following injury. Accordingly, administration of recombinant IL-18 or pharmacological inhibition of caspases or the kinase RIPK1 protected cIAP2-deficient mice from colitis and restored intestinal epithelial barrier architecture. Thus, cIAP2 orchestrates intestinal homeostasis by exerting a dual function in suppressing cell death and promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and crypt regeneration.
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40
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Huang CY, Yu LCH. Pathophysiological mechanisms of death resistance in colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11777-11792. [PMID: 26557002 PMCID: PMC4631976 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancers develop adaptive mechanisms to survive under extreme conditions and display hallmarks of unlimited proliferation and resistance to cell death. The deregulation of cell death is a key factor that contributes to chemoresistance in tumors. In a physiological context, balance between cell proliferation and death, and protection against cell damage are fundamental processes for maintaining gut epithelial homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying anti-death cytoprotection and tumor resistance often bear common pathways, and although distinguishing them would be a challenge, it would also provide an opportunity to develop advanced anti-cancer therapeutics. This review will outline cell death pathways (i.e., apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis), and discuss cytoprotective strategies in normal intestinal epithelium and death resistance mechanisms of colon tumor. In colorectal cancers, the intracellular mechanisms of death resistance include the direct alteration of apoptotic and necroptotic machinery and the upstream events modulating death effectors such as tumor suppressor gene inactivation and pro-survival signaling pathways. The autocrine, paracrine and exogenous factors within a tumor microenvironment can also instigate resistance against apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in colon cancers through changes in receptor signaling or transporter uptake. The roles of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2, growth factors, glucose, and bacterial lipopolysaccharides in colorectal cancer will be highlighted. Targeting anti-death pathways in the colon cancer tissue might be a promising approach outside of anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis strategies for developing novel drugs to treat refractory tumors.
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Abstract
Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. It is involved in the regulation of important physiological and pathological processes in cells and functions to inhibit cell apoptosis and promote cell proliferation. Normally and terminally differentiated tissues are nearly negative for survivin. In contrast, survivin is highly expressed in most human tumor tissues, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The abnormal overexpression of survivin is closely related to the malignant biological behaviors of tumors. During the development and progression of HCC, the high level of survivin expression promotes cancer cell proliferation, inhibits cancer cell apoptosis, induces tumor stromal angiogenesis, reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and ultimately affects the prognosis of patients with HCC. Survivin expression is regulated by a large number of factors. The latest discovery indicated that the transcription factor octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) enhances the expression of survivin though cyclin D1 (CCND1), which, in part, accounts for tumor cell proliferation, recurrence and metastasis. Survivin plays key roles in HCC, which renders it an ideal target for the treatment of HCC. The present article reviews the research progress on the relationship between survivin and HCC and on the HCC treatment strategies targeting survivin.
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Hurwitz HI, Smith DC, Pitot HC, Brill JM, Chugh R, Rouits E, Rubin J, Strickler J, Vuagniaux G, Sorensen JM, Zanna C. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of oral DEBIO1143 (AT-406) in patients with advanced cancer: results of a first-in-man study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:851-9. [PMID: 25716544 PMCID: PMC4365270 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity of DEBIO1143, an antagonist of inhibitor apoptosis proteins. Methods This first-in-man study in patients with advanced cancer used an accelerated dose titration design. DEBIO1143 was given orally once daily on days 1–5 every 2 or 3 weeks until disease progressed or patients dropped out. The starting dose of 5 mg was escalated by 100 % in single patients until related grade 2 toxicity occurred. This triggered expansion to cohorts of three and subsequently six patients and reduction in dose increments to 50 %. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was exceeded when any two patients within the same cohort experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). On days 1 and 5, PK and PD samples were taken. Results Thirty-one patients received doses from 5 to 900 mg. Only one DLT was reported at 180 mg. No MTD was found. Most common adverse drug reactions were fatigue (26 %), nausea (23 %), and vomiting (13 %). Average tmax and T1/2 was about 1 and 6 h, respectively. Exposure increased proportionally with doses from 80 to 900 mg, without accumulation over 5 days. Plasma CCL2 increased at 3–6 h postdose and epithelial apoptosis marker M30 on day 5; cIAP-1 levels in PBMCs decreased at all doses >80 mg. Five patients (17 %) had stable disease as the best treatment response. Conclusion DEBIO1143 was well tolerated at doses up to 900 mg and elicited PD effects at doses greater 80 mg. Limited antitumor activity may suggest development rather as adjunct treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00280-015-2709-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert I Hurwitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3052, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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Kuo WT, Lee TC, Yang HY, Chen CY, Au YC, Lu YZ, Wu LL, Wei SC, Ni YH, Lin BR, Chen Y, Tsai YH, Kung JT, Sheu F, Lin LW, Yu LCH. LPS receptor subunits have antagonistic roles in epithelial apoptosis and colonic carcinogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1590-604. [PMID: 25633197 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is characterized by unlimited proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, selective advantages for tumor survival, and chemoresistance. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling is involved in both epithelial homeostasis and tumorigenesis, but the relative roles had by LPS receptor subunits CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are poorly understood. Our study showed that normal human colonocytes were CD14(+)TLR4(-), whereas cancerous tissues were CD14(+)TLR4(+), by immunofluorescent staining. Using a chemical-induced CRC model, increased epithelial apoptosis and decreased tumor multiplicity and sizes were observed in TLR4-mutant mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice with CD14(+)TLR4(+) colonocytes. WT mice intracolonically administered a TLR4 antagonist displayed tumor reduction associated with enhanced apoptosis in cancerous tissues. Mucosa-associated LPS content was elevated in response to CRC induction. Epithelial apoptosis induced by LPS hypersensitivity in TLR4-mutant mice was prevented by intracolonic administration of neutralizing anti-CD14. Moreover, LPS-induced apoptosis was observed in primary colonic organoid cultures derived from TLR4 mutant but not WT murine crypts. Gene silencing of TLR4 increased cell apoptosis in WT organoids, whereas knockdown of CD14 ablated cell death in TLR4-mutant organoids. In vitro studies showed that LPS challenge caused apoptosis in Caco-2 cells (CD14(+)TLR4(-)) in a CD14-, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C-, sphingomyelinase-, and protein kinase C-ζ-dependent manner. Conversely, expression of functional but not mutant TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, and Pro714His) rescued cells from LPS/CD14-induced apoptosis. In summary, CD14-mediated lipid signaling induced epithelial apoptosis, whereas TLR4 antagonistically promoted cell survival and cancer development. Our findings indicate that dysfunction in the CD14/TLR4 antagonism may contribute to normal epithelial transition to carcinogenesis, and provide novel strategies for intervention against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-T Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-C Lee
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Yang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chen
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Au
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-Z Lu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L-L Wu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-C Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B-R Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan-Ze University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan-Ze University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - J T Kung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Sheu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L-W Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - L C-H Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu F, Ji F, Ji Y, Jiang Y, Sun X, Lu Y, Zhang L, Han Y, Liu X. Dissecting the mechanism of colorectal tumorigenesis based on RNA-sequencing data. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:246-53. [PMID: 25576648 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mutated genes and fusion genes in colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA-sequencing data (ID: SRP009386) from cancerous, paracancerous non-tumor and distant normal tissue from one Chinese patient with stage III colorectal cancer were downloaded from Sequence Read Archive. Quality control was checked using FastQC, followed by sequence alignment against the hg19 reference genome using TopHat v1.3.3. The expression levels were quantified using Cufflinks, followed by DEGs screening using NOISeq. Enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Transcription factors were screened using TRANSFA. Mutated loci were identified using SAMTools and VCFTools. Gene fusion events were detected by TopHat-fusion. RESULTS In total 2440, 1887 and 834 DEGs were respectively detected in cancerous vs. normal tissue, cancerous vs. paracancerous tissue and paracancerous vs. normal tissue. The up-regulated genes from cancerous and paracancerous tissue compared with normal tissue were enriched in "extracellular matrix receptor interaction" and "focal adhesion pathway" as well as some biological processes except for "negative regulation of programmed cell death" uniquely presenting in cancer. Dysregulated transcription factors including SOX4, BCL6, CEBPB and MSX2 were enriched in the unique biological process. Trp53 was identified with one mutated locus 7577142 (C → T) on chromosome 17. BCL6 also experienced missense mutation. Additionally, COL1A1-PPP2R2C and EXPH5-COL1A2 were observed fusion genes in cancer tissue. CONCLUSIONS The unique biological process in cancer tissue may be the cause for colorectal carcinogenesis. The screened transcription factors, mutated genes and fusion genes may contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Fengzhi Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yuling Ji
- Statistics Division, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xueguo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xishuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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Uegaki T, Taniguchi F, Nakamura K, Osaki M, Okada F, Yamamoto O, Harada T. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) may be effective therapeutic targets for treating endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2014; 30:149-58. [PMID: 25376458 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in human endometriotic tissues and a mouse model of endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Four IAP proteins were expressed in endometriotic tissue indicating IAPs may be a key factor in the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Overexpression of IAPs protects against a number of proapoptotic stimuli. IAPs (c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP and Survivin) are expressed in human ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from ovarian endometriomas. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Forty-eight women with or without ovarian endometrioma are included in this study. BALB/c mice (n = 24) were used for the mouse endometriosis model. Mice with surgically induced endometriosis were treated with an IAP antagonist (BV6) for 4 weeks. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human ectopic endometrial tissues from chocolate cysts and eutopic endometrial tissue were collected. ESCs were enzymatically isolated from these tissues. ESC proliferation was examined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IAPs expression in tissue derived from eutopic endometria and chocolate cysts was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. A homologous mouse endometriosis model was established by transplanting donor mouse uterine tissue into the abdominal cavities of recipient mice. After treating the mice with BV6 (i.p. 10 mg/ml), the extent of endometriosis-like lesions in mice was measured and proliferative activity assessed by Ki67 staining. All experiments were repeated a minimum of three times. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IAP (c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP and Survivin) mRNA and protein in human ectopic endometrial tissues were expressed at higher levels than in eutopic endometrial tissues (P < 0.05). All four IAPs proteins were expressed in mouse endometriosis-like implants. BV6 inhibited BrdU incorporation of human ESCs (P < 0.05 versus control). BV6 also decreased the total number, weight, surface area and Ki67 positive cells in the endometriosis-like lesions in the mice (P < 0.05 versus control). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Endometriotic lesions were surgically induced in mice by transplanting mouse uterine tissue only, not human pathological endometriotic tissue. Furthermore, the effects of BV6 on human ESCs and mouse endometriosis-like lesions may differ between the species. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data support the hypothesis that IAPs are involved in the development of endometriosis, and therefore an inhibitor of IAPs has potential as a novel treatment for endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by KAKENHI (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid: to F.T.; 21592098 and to T.H.; 24659731) and Yamaguchi Endocrine Research Foundation. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uegaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Fuminori Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Nakamura
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamoto
- Dermatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tasuku Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Shintani M, Sangawa A, Yamao N, Kamoshida S. Smac/DIABLO expression in human gastrointestinal carcinoma: Association with clinicopathological parameters and survivin expression. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2581-2586. [PMID: 25364431 PMCID: PMC4214500 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of apoptosis is a key factor in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) is an antagonist of IAPs. Recently, Smac/DIABLO was identified as a potent therapeutic target. However, the clinical significance of Smac/DIABLO in gastrointestinal carcinomas remains unclear. In the present study, Smac/DIABLO expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 72 gastric adenocarcinomas and 78 colorectal adenocarcinomas. The expression of Smac/DIABLO was significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma than in gastric carcinoma. Additionally, a correlation was found between the expression of Smac/DIABLO and nuclear survivin in well- to moderately-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas (r=0.245; P<0.01). Based on these results, it was hypothesized that gastric and colorectal carcinomas differ in the level of Smac/DIABLO expression. Our previous studies revealed that the expression of cleaved caspase-9 was significantly lower in colorectal carcinoma than in gastric carcinoma (P<0.0001). Conversely, the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), an autophagy marker, and survivin were significantly higher in colon cancer than in gastric cancer (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively). Taken together, these results indicate that not only LC3 and survivin expression, but also Smac/DIABLO expression, are significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma than in gastric carcinoma. We hypothesize that the analysis of Smac/DIABLO, survivin and LC3 expression in colorectal carcinoma is likely to aid cancer therapy due to the involvement of these markers in apoptosis and/or autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Shintani
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Akiko Sangawa
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan ; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
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Komura T, Miura K, Shirasaka T, Ohnuma S, Shimada M, Kajiwara T, Fujishima F, Philchenkov A, Nakagawa K, Kudoh K, Haneda S, Toshima M, Kohyama A, Musha H, Naitoh T, Shibata C, Unno M. Usefulness of alternate-day administration of S-1 and leucovorin in a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer: a shorter drug-free interval leads to more efficient antitumor effects. Int J Clin Oncol 2014; 20:117-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-014-0699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Koehler BC, Jäger D, Schulze-Bergkamen H. Targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer: Current strategies and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1923-1934. [PMID: 24587670 PMCID: PMC3934462 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i8.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evasion from controlled cell death induction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Defects in cell death signaling are a fundamental phenomenon in colorectal cancer. Nearly any non-invasive cancer treatment finally aims to induce cell death. However, apoptosis resistance is the major cause for insufficient therapeutic success and disease relapse in gastrointestinal oncology. Various compounds have been developed and evaluated with the aim to meet with this obstacle by triggering cell death in cancer cells. The aim of this review is to illustrate current approaches and future directions in targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer. The complex signaling network of apoptosis will be demonstrated and the “druggability” of targets will be identified. In detail, proteins regulating mitochondrial cell death in colorectal cancer, such as Bcl-2 and survivin, will be discussed with respect to potential therapeutic exploitation. Death receptor signaling and targeting in colorectal cancer will be outlined. Encouraging clinical trials including cell death based targeted therapies for colorectal cancer are under way and will be demonstrated. Our conceptual understanding of cell death in cancer is rapidly emerging and new types of controlled cellular death have been identified. To meet this progress in cell death research, the implication of autophagy and necroptosis for colorectal carcinogenesis and therapeutic approaches will also be depicted. The main focus of this topic highlight will be on the revelation of the complex cell death concepts in colorectal cancer and the bridging from basic research to clinical use.
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Wu P, Shi KJ, An JJ, Ci YL, Li F, Hui KY, Yang Y, Xu CM. The LEF1/CYLD axis and cIAPs regulate RIP1 deubiquitination and trigger apoptosis in selenite-treated colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1085. [PMID: 24577083 PMCID: PMC3944232 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (IAP) inhibitors have been reported to synergistically reduce cell viability in combination with a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs via targeted cellular IAP (cIAP) depletion. Here, we found that cIAP silencing sensitised colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to selenite-induced apoptosis. Upon selenite treatment, the K63-linked ubiquitin chains on receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) were removed, leading to the formation of the death-inducing complex and subsequent caspase-8 activation. Although the ubiquitinases cIAP1 and cIAP2 were significantly downregulated after a 24-h selenite treatment, cylindromatosis (CYLD) deubiquitinase protein levels were marginally upregulated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF1) dissociated from the CYLD promoter upon selenite treatment, thus abolishing suppression of CYLD gene expression. We corroborated these findings in a CRC xenograft animal model using immunohistochemistry. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that selenite caused CYLD upregulation via LEF1 and cIAP downregulation, both of which contribute to the degradation of ubiquitin chains on RIP1 and subsequent caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Importantly, our results identify a LEF1-binding site in the CYLD promoter as a potential target for combinational therapy as an alternative to cIAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K J Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J J An
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y L Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K Y Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C M Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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50
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Survivin beyond physiology: orchestration of multistep carcinogenesis and therapeutic potentials. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:175-82. [PMID: 24560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has been associated with protection from cell apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Survivin exhibits low to undetectable expression in most finally differentiated adult tissues but is abundantly over-expressed in almost all cancers. The aberrant high expression of survivin in cancers is associated with advanced disease, increased rate of tumor recurrence, abbreviated overall survival and resistance to chemo- and radio- therapy. Survivin touches nearly every aspect of cancer and is involved in the initiation, maintenance and development of tumor. Therefore, its significance in cancer dictates the pursuit for anti-survivin cancer therapies.
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