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Takasu C, Miyazaki K, Yoshikawa K, Nishi M, Tokunaga T, Kashihara H, Yoshimoto T, Ogawa H, Morine Y, Shimada M. Effect of TU-100 on Peyer's patches in a bacterial translocation rat model. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:683-691. [PMID: 34585053 PMCID: PMC8452476 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daikenchuto (TU-100), a Japanese herbal medicine, is widely used for various gastrointestinal diseases. We have previously reported that TU-100 suppresses CPT-11-induced bacterial translocation (BT) by maintaining the diversity of the microbiome. In this study we show that TU-100 modulates the immune response during BT by inducing PD-1 expression in Peyer's patches. METHODS Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group; a control + TU-100 group, given TU-100 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 d; a BT group, given CPT-11 250 mg/kg intra-peritoneal for 2 d; and a TU-100 group, given TU-100 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 d with CPT-11 250 mg/kg intra-peritoneal on days 4 and 5. RESULTS The size of Peyer's patch was significantly bigger in the BT group compared to the control group (9.0 × 104 µm2 vs 29.4 × 104 µm2, P < .05), but improved in the TU-100 group (15.4 × 104 µm2, P < .005). TU-100 significantly induced PD-1 expression in Peyer's patch compared to the control group and the BT group (control vs BT vs TU-100 = 4.3 ± 4.9 vs 5.1 ± 10.3 vs 17.9 ± 17.8). The CD4+ cells were increased in the BT group (P < .05) compared to the control group but decreased in the TU-100 group. The Foxp3+ cells were increased in the BT group compared to the control group (P < .05), and further increased in the TU-100 group compared to the BT group. CPT-11 significantly increased TLR4, NF-κβ, TNF-α mRNA expressions in the BT group. TU-100 cotreatment significantly reversed these mRNA expressions. CONCLUSION TU-100 may have a protective effect against BT through PD-1 expression in Peyer's patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Takasu
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Katsuki Miyazaki
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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Takasu C, Yismaw WG, Kurita N, Yoshikawa K, Kashihara H, Kono T, Shimada M. TU-100 exerts a protective effect against bacterial translocation by maintaining the tight junction. Surg Today 2017; 47:1287-1294. [PMID: 28421347 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that TU-100 suppresses irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11)-induced inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying this effect has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to further clarify the mechanism of CPT-11-induced bacterial translocation (BT) and the effect of TU-100 on BT. METHODS Cell cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro by a WST-8 assay. For the in vivo experiments, rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the CPT-11 group (250 mg/kg i.p. for 2 days), and the CPT-11 and TU-100 co-treated group (1000 mg/kg, p.o. for 5 days). All of the rats were sacrificed on day 6 and their tissues were collected. RESULTS CPT-11 and TU-100 co-treatment improved CPT-11 the related cytotoxicity in vitro. All CPT-11-treated rats developed different grades of diarrhea and BT was observed in 80% of the rats. CPT-11 caused a significant increase in the expression of TLR4, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and caspase-3 mRNAs in the large intestine. The expression of tight junction (TJ) marker mRNAs (occludin, claudin-1 and 4, and ZO-1) was significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. TU-100 co-treatment significantly reversed diarrhea, BT, and the expression of TLR2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and caspase-3, and improved the expression of occludin, claudin-4 and ZO-1. CONCLUSIONS TU-100 can suppress the adverse effects associated with CPT-11 and improve the function of the TJ. It is possible that this occurs through the TLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Takasu
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Wubetu Gizachew Yismaw
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kurita
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Center for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Sapporo Hisgashi Tokushukai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Kawai K, Uemura M, Munakata K, Takahashi H, Haraguchi N, Nishimura J, Hata T, Matsuda C, Ikenaga M, Murata K, Mizushima T, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Mori M. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A is a key regulator of hypoxic adaptation in colorectal cancer cells and involved in treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:525-534. [PMID: 28000858 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an essential feature of cancer malignancy, but there are no methods for the routine detection of hypoxia-inducible prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets. We reported previously that the hypoxic tumor cells of metastatic liver tissue from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) could be used as an 'in vivo' hypoxia culture model. Several potential hypoxia-inducible genes were identified using this model. Among them, one glycolytic enzyme was of special interest. There is currently increasing attention on glycolytic enzymes as potential therapeutic targets due to their association with cancer-specific metabolism. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer malignancy, we investigated the expression of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA) and its relationship with cancer metabolism. We found that ALDOA was induced by hypoxia in CRC-derived cell lines, and univariate and multivariate analyses of microarray data from the resected CRC samples of 222 patients revealed that ALDOA was an independent prognostic factor for CRC. We also analyzed the malignant potential of ALDOA in vitro using overexpression and knockdown assays. We found that ALDOA was negatively related to chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity and positively associated with proliferation, sphere formation and invasion in both normoxia and hypoxia. These associations were due to the roles of ALDOA in regulating glycolysis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the cell cycle. These findings demonstrate that ALDOA is a hypoxia-inducible prognostic factor that is closely related to CRC malignancy, and also provide new insights into the importance of ALDOA and glycolysis in cancer and suggest new targets for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Koji Munakata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Chu Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery, Higashi-osaka City General Hospital, Higashiosaka, Osaka 578-8588, Japan
| | - Kohei Murata
- Department of Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Osaka 564‑0082, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
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