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Trojanowicz M, Pyszynska M. Flow-Injection Methods in Water Analysis-Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:1410. [PMID: 35209198 PMCID: PMC8879103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread demand for the analysis and control of water quality and supply for human activity and ecosystem sustainability has necessitated the continuous improvement of water analysis methods in terms of their reliability, efficiency, and costs. To satisfy these requirements, flow-injection analysis using different detection methods has successfully been developed in recent decades. This review, based on about 100 original research papers, presents the achievements in this field over the past ten years. Various methodologies for establishing flow-injection measurements are reviewed, together with microfluidics and portable systems. The developed applications mostly concern not only the determination of inorganic analytes but also the speciation analysis of different elements, and the determination of several total indices of water quality. Examples of the determination of organic residues (e.g., pesticides, phenolic compounds, and surfactants) in natural surface waters, seawater, groundwater, and drinking water have also been identified. Usually, changes in the format of manual procedures for flow-injection determination results in the improvement of various operational parameters, such as the limits of detection, the sampling rate, or selectivity in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 02-195 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pyszynska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 02-195 Warsaw, Poland;
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Motala MJ, Blanton EW, Hilton A, Heller E, Muratore C, Burzynski K, Brown JL, Chabak K, Durstock M, Snure M, Glavin NR. Transferrable AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors to Arbitrary Substrates via a Two-Dimensional Boron Nitride Release Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21837-21844. [PMID: 32295338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical transfer of high-performing thin-film devices onto arbitrary substrates represents an exciting opportunity to improve device performance, explore nontraditional manufacturing approaches, and paves the way for soft, conformal, and flexible electronics. Using a two-dimensional boron nitride release layer, we demonstrate the transfer of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to arbitrary substrates through both direct van der Waals bonding and with a polymer adhesive interlayer. No device degradation was observed because of the transfer process, and a significant reduction in device temperature (327-132 °C at 600 mW) was observed when directly bonded to a silicon carbide (SiC) wafer relative to the starting wafer. With the use of a benzocyclobutene (BCB) adhesion interlayer, devices were easily transferred and characterized on Kapton and ceramic films, representing an exciting opportunity for integration onto arbitrary substrates. Upon reduction of this polymer adhesive layer thickness, the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs transferred onto a BCB/SiC substrate resulted in comparable peak temperatures during operation at powers as high as 600 mW to the as-grown wafer, revealing that by optimizing interlayer characteristics such as thickness and thermal conductivity, transferrable devices on polymer layers can still improve performance outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Motala
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Eric W Blanton
- KBR, 2601 Mission Point Blvd, Beavercreek Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Albert Hilton
- KBR, 2601 Mission Point Blvd, Beavercreek Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Eric Heller
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Christopher Muratore
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45409, United States
| | - Katherine Burzynski
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45409, United States
| | - Jeff L Brown
- KBR, 2601 Mission Point Blvd, Beavercreek Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Kelson Chabak
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael Durstock
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael Snure
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Marsin Sanagi M. Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 14:79-98. [PMID: 32214934 PMCID: PMC7087629 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet-visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41477 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
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Wang H, Li YJ, Wei JF, Xu JR, Wang YH, Zheng GX. Paper-based three-dimensional microfluidic device for monitoring of heavy metals with a camera cell phone. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2799-807. [PMID: 24618990 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 3D paper-based microfluidic device has been developed for colorimetric determination of selected heavy metals in water samples by stacking layers of wax patterned paper and double-sided adhesive tape. It has the capability of wicking fluids and distributing microliter volumes of samples from single inlet into affrays of detection zones without external pumps, thus a range of metal assays can be simply and inexpensively performed. We demonstrate a prototype of four sample inlets for up to four heavy metal assays each, with detection limits as follows: Cu (II) = 0.29 ppm, Ni(II) = 0.33 ppm, Cd (II) = 0.19 ppm, and Cr (VI) = 0.35 ppm, which provided quantitative data that were in agreement with values gained from atomic absorption. It has the ability to identify these four metals in mixtures and is immune to interferences from either nontoxic metal ions such as Na(I) and K(I) or components found in reservoir or beach water. With the incorporation of a portable detector, a camera mobile phone, this 3D paper-based microfluidic device should be useful as a simple, rapid, and on-site screening approach of heavy metals in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering College, Dalian University, No.10 Xufu Road, Economic Development Zone, Dalian, China
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Calvo-López A, Arasa-Puig E, Puyol M, Casalta JM, Alonso-Chamarro J. Biparametric potentiometric analytical microsystem for nitrate and potassium monitoring in water recycling processes for manned space missions. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:190-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Campos CDM, da Silva JAF. Applications of autonomous microfluidic systems in environmental monitoring. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Rushworth CM, Davies J, Cabral JT, Dolan PR, Smith JM, Vallance C. Cavity-enhanced optical methods for online microfluidic analysis. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ansari R, Delavar AF, Mohammad-khah A. A solid state Cr(VI) ion-selective electrode based on polypyrrole. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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da Rocha ZM, Martinez-Cisneros CS, Seabra AC, Valdés F, Gongora-Rubio MR, Alonso-Chamarro J. Compact and autonomous multiwavelength microanalyzer for in-line and in situ colorimetric determinations. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:109-117. [PMID: 22048242 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the attainment of microsystems that integrate most of the stages involved in an analytical process has raised an enormous interest in several research fields. This approach provides experimental set-ups of increased robustness and reliability, which simplify their application to in-line and continuous biomedical and environmental monitoring. In this work, a novel, compact and autonomous microanalyzer aimed at multiwavelength colorimetric determinations is presented. It integrates the microfluidics (a three-dimensional mixer and a 25 mm length "Z-shape" optical flow-cell), a highly versatile multiwavelength optical detection system and the associated electronics for signal processing and drive, all in the same device. The flexibility provided by its design allows the microanalyzer to be operated either in single fixed mode to provide a dedicated photometer or in multiple wavelength mode to obtain discrete pseudospectra. To increase its reliability, automate its operation and allow it to work under unattended conditions, a multicommutation sub-system was developed and integrated with the experimental set-up. The device was initially evaluated in the absence of chemical reactions using four acidochromic dyes and later applied to determine some key environmental parameters such as phenol index, chromium(VI) and nitrite ions. Results were comparable with those obtained with commercial instrumentation and allowed to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed microanalyzer as an autonomous and portable device able to be applied to other analytical methodologies based on colorimetric determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira M da Rocha
- Laboratório de Sistemas Integráveis, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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