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Barrera G, Celegato F, Vassallo M, Martella D, Coïsson M, Olivetti ES, Martino L, Sözeri H, Manzin A, Tiberto P. Microfluidic Detection of SPIONs and Co-Ferrite Ferrofluid Using Amorphous Wire Magneto-Impedance Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4902. [PMID: 39123949 PMCID: PMC11315026 DOI: 10.3390/s24154902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The detection of magnetic nanoparticles in a liquid medium and the quantification of their concentration have the potential to improve the efficiency of several relevant applications in different fields, including medicine, environmental remediation, and mechanical engineering. To this end, sensors based on the magneto-impedance effect have attracted much attention due to their high sensitivity to the stray magnetic field generated by magnetic nanoparticles, their simple fabrication process, and their relatively low cost. To improve the sensitivity of these sensors, a multidisciplinary approach is required to study a wide range of soft magnetic materials as sensing elements and to customize the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. The combination of magneto-impedance sensors with ad hoc microfluidic systems favors the design of integrated portable devices with high specificity towards magnetic ferrofluids, allowing the use of very small sample volumes and making measurements faster and more reliable. In this work, a magneto-impedance sensor based on an amorphous Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 wire as the sensing element is integrated into a customized millifluidic chip. The sensor detects the presence of magnetic nanoparticles in the ferrofluid and distinguishes the different stray fields generated by single-domain superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles or magnetically blocked Co-ferrite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Barrera
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Federica Celegato
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Marta Vassallo
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Daniele Martella
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara, 1, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Coïsson
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Elena S. Olivetti
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Luca Martino
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Hüseyin Sözeri
- Magnetics Laboratory, TÜBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (UME), Gebze Yerleşkesi, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey;
| | - Alessandra Manzin
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Paola Tiberto
- Department of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Science, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.O.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (P.T.)
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Abbas N, Song S, Chang MS, Chun MS. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using Microfluidic Systems: A Focused Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:741. [PMID: 37504139 PMCID: PMC10377133 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections represent a serious and global threat in modern medicine; thus, it is very important to rapidly detect pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7. Once treatments are delayed after the commencement of symptoms, the patient's health quickly deteriorates. Hence, real-time detection and monitoring of infectious agents are highly critical in early diagnosis for correct treatment and safeguarding public health. To detect these pathogenic bacteria, many approaches have been applied by the biosensors community, for example, widely-used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), culture-based method, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. However, these approaches have drawbacks, such as time-consumption, expensive equipment, and being labor-intensive, making it critical to develop ultra-sensitive and highly selective detection. The microfluidic platform based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), electrochemical sensing, and rolling circle amplification (RCA) offers proper alternatives capable of supplementing the technological gap for pathogen detection. Note that the microfluidic biochip allows to develop rapid, sensitive, portable, and point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. This review focuses on recent studies regarding accurate and rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7, with an emphasis on POC methods and devices that complement microfluidic systems. We also examine the efficient whole-body detection by employing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which has attracted growing attention in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Suk Chun
- Sensor System Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Engineering Division, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Melnikov GY, Vazhenina IG, Iskhakov RS, Boev NM, Komogortsev SV, Svalov AV, Kurlyandskaya GV. Magnetic Properties of FeNi/Cu-Based Lithographic Rectangular Multilayered Elements for Magnetoimpedance Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6165. [PMID: 37448014 DOI: 10.3390/s23136165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The rectangular elements in magnetoimpedance (MI) configuration with a specific nanocomposite laminated structure based on FeNi and Cu layers were prepared by lift-off lithographic process. The properties of such elements are controlled by their shape, the anisotropy induced during the deposition, and by effects associated with the composite structure. The characterizations of static and dynamic properties, including MI measurements, show that these elements are promising for sensor applications. We have shown that competition between the shape anisotropy and the in-plane induced anisotropy of the element material is worth taking into account in order to understand the magnetic behavior of multilayered rectangular stripes. A possibility of the dynamic methods (ferromagnetic and spin-wave resonance) to describe laminated planar elements having a non-periodic modulation of both structure and magnetic parameters of a system is demonstrated. We show that the multilayered structure, which was originally designed to prevent the development of a "transcritical" state in magnetic layers and to reach the required thickness, also induces the effects that hinder the achievement of the goal, namely an increase in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Yu Melnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina G Vazhenina
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Space and Information Technology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Rauf S Iskhakov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nikita M Boev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Komogortsev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Applied Physics Department, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Svalov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Liu M, Wang Z, Meng Z, Sun X, Huang Y, Guo Y, Yang Z. Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect of Multilayered Thin Film Meanders Formed on Flexible Substrates. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051002. [PMID: 37241625 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The giant magnetoimpedance effect of multilayered thin films under stress has great application prospects in magnetic sensing, but related studies are rarely reported. Therefore, the giant magnetoimpedance effects in multilayered thin film meanders under different stresses were thoroughly investigated. Firstly, multilayered FeNi/Cu/FeNi thin film meanders with the same thickness were manufactured on polyimide (PI) and polyester (PET) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering and MEMS technology. The characterization of meanders was analyzed by SEM, AFM, XRD, and VSM. The results show that multilayered thin film meanders on flexible substrates also have the advantages of good density, high crystallinity, and excellent soft magnetic properties. Then, we observed the giant magnetoimpedance effect under tensile and compressive stresses. The results show that the application of longitudinal compressive stress increases the transverse anisotropy and enhances the GMI effect of multilayered thin film meanders, while the application of longitudinal tensile stress yields the opposite result. The results provide novel solutions for the fabrication of more stable and flexible giant magnetoimpedance sensors, as well as for the development of stress sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhenbao Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ziqin Meng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Microelectronic Research & Development Center, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xidian-Wuhu Research Institute, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yongbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of UWB & THz of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Fang S, Yang H, Liu C, Tian Y, Wu M, Wu Y, Liu Q. Bacterial coloration immunofluorescence strip for ultrasensitive rapid detection of bacterial antibodies and targeted antibody-secreting hybridomas. J Immunol Methods 2022; 501:113208. [PMID: 34933017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the gold standard method for monoclonal antibody (McAb) detection and plays a unique role in the preparation of bacterial antibodies. To solve the laborious issues associated with indirect ELISA, a novel bacterial coloration immunofluorescence strip (BCIFS) for antibody detection using colored bacteria instead of a labeled antibody as the antigen and tracer simultaneously and goat anti-mouse IgG as the test line was developed. The affinity range survey of BCIFS indicated that hybridoma cell cultures of E. coli O157:H7 (D3, E7) and Vibrio parahemolyticus (H7, C9) were detected, which complied with the results of indirect ELISA. Compared with the traditional indirect ELISA, the BCIFS sensitivity for E7 cell cultures, ascites, and purified antibodies was at least 4-fold more sensitive, and the BCIFS cross-reactivity for E7 cell cultures was almost consistent with that of indirect ELISA. In addition, the BCIFS isotypes for E. coli O157:H7 cell cultures and Vibrio parahemolyticus were IgG2a and IgG1, respectively, which were identical to the indirect ELISA. Furthermore, the BCIFS method was confirmed by McAb preparation, effective antibody use, and targeted antibody-secreted hybridoma preparation and screening, which showed excellent performance and substitution of the indirect ELISA method. Combined with methylcellulose semisolid medium, BCIFS offers a novel, easy to operate, rapid preparation method for antigen-specific hybridomas. This is the first report using BCIFS instead of indirect ELISA for bacterial antibody detection and application in different samples, which demonstrates a rapid and powerful tool for antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqin Fang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yachen Tian
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Meijiao Wu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Youxue Wu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Oehlsen O, Cervantes-Ramírez SI, Cervantes-Avilés P, Medina-Velo IA. Approaches on Ferrofluid Synthesis and Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3134-3150. [PMID: 35128226 PMCID: PMC8811916 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) within aqueous or nonaqueous liquids that exhibit strong magnetic properties. These magnetic properties allow ferrofluids to be manipulated and controlled when exposed to magnetic fields. This review aims to provide the current scope and research opportunities regarding the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, surfactants, and carrier liquids for ferrofluid production, along with the rheology and applications of ferrofluids within the fields of medicine, water treatment, and mechanical engineering. A ferrofluid is composed of IONPs, a surfactant that coats the magnetic IONPs to prevent agglomeration, and a carrier liquid that suspends the IONPs. Coprecipitation and thermal decomposition are the main methods used for the synthesis of IONPs. Despite the fact that thermal decomposition provides precise control on the nanoparticle size, coprecipitation is the most used method, even when the oxidation of iron can occur. This oxidation alters the ratio of maghemite/magnetite, influencing the magnetic properties of ferrofluids. Strategies to overcome iron oxidation have been proposed, such as the use of an inert atmosphere, adjusting the Fe(II) and Fe(III) ratio to 1:2, and the exploration of other metals with the oxidation state +2. Surfactants and carrier liquids are chosen according to the ferrofluid application to ensure stability. Hence, a compatible carrier liquid (polar or nonpolar) is selected, and then, a surfactant, mainly a polymer, is embedded in the IONPs, providing a steric barrier. Due to the variety of surfactants and carrier liquids, the rheological properties of ferrofluids are an important response variable evaluated when synthesizing ferrofluids. There are many reported applications of ferrofluids, including biosensing, medical imaging, medicinal therapy, magnetic nanoemulsions, and magnetic impedance. Other applications include water treatment, energy harvesting and transfer, and vibration control. To progress from synthesis to applications, research is still ongoing to ensure control of the ferrofluids' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Oehlsen
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico
University, 1000 W College Avenue, Silver City, New Mexico 88062, United States
| | - Sussy I. Cervantes-Ramírez
- Escuela
de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Puebla, Pue 72453, Mexico
| | - Pabel Cervantes-Avilés
- Escuela
de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Puebla, Pue 72453, Mexico
| | - Illya A. Medina-Velo
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico
University, 1000 W College Avenue, Silver City, New Mexico 88062, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics, Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074, United States
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Huang Y, Su Z, Li W, Ren J. Recent Progresses on Biosensors for Escherichia coli Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Du S, Chen IH, MacLachlan A, Liu Y, Huang TS, Cheng Z, Chen P, Chin BA. 3D Phage-based biomolecular filter for effective high throughput capture of Salmonella Typhimurium in liquid streams. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110181. [PMID: 33773657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses caused by pathogens on fresh produce remain one of the most critical food safety problems the world faces. The recalls of pasta salad in 2018 and pre-cut melons in 2019 imply current methods in identifying the source of pathogens and outbreak prevention are inappropriate and time consuming. In this article, a new technology, called the 3D phage-based biomolecular filter, was developed to simultaneously capture and concentrate foodborne pathogens from large volumes of liquid streams (food liquid or wash water streams). The 3D phage-based filter consisted of phage-immobilized magnetoelastic (ME) filter elements, a filter pipe system, and a uniform magnetic field to fix and align the ME filter elements in the 3D filter column. The closely packed ME filter elements display a 3D layered structure which allows for enhanced surface interaction of the immobilized bacteriophage with specific pathogens in the passing liquid streams. As a result, a pathogen capture rate of more than 90% was achieved at a high flow rate of 3 mm/s with 20,000 ME filter elements. The capability of the 3D phage-based filter to capture pathogens in liquid streams at different filter element packing densities was further validated by experiments, finite element analysis and theoretical calculations. The capture rate increases significantly with larger numbers of ME filter elements placed in the testing pipe, and the turbulence flow induced by the 3D stacking of ME filter elements can further improve the capture efficiency. This technology enables rapid capture and analysis of large volume of water in processing fresh fruit and vegetables for the presence of small quantities of pathogens, which will ultimately benefit producers, the food industry, and society with improved food safety and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Du
- Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Alana MacLachlan
- Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tung-Shi Huang
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhongyang Cheng
- Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Bryan A Chin
- Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Razmi N, Hasanzadeh M, Willander M, Nur O. Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Biosensing of Escherichia coli O157:H7: Material and Methods Overview. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E54. [PMID: 32443629 PMCID: PMC7277213 DOI: 10.3390/bios10050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli which has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenic E. coli is important in environmental and food quality monitoring. In spite of their advantages and high acceptance, culture-based methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, ATP bioluminescence, and solid-phase cytometry have various drawbacks, including being time-consuming, requiring trained technicians and/or specific equipment, and producing biological waste. Therefore, there is necessity for affordable, rapid, and simple approaches. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise for rapid food- and water-borne pathogen detection. Over the last decade, various attempts have been made to develop techniques for the rapid quantification of E. coli O157:H7. This review covers the importance of E. coli O157:H7 and recent progress (from 2015 to 2020) in the development of the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors developed for E. coli O157:H7 using different nanomaterials, labels, and electrochemical transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Razmi
- Physics and Electronics, Department of Sciences and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran;
| | - Magnus Willander
- Physics and Electronics, Department of Sciences and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
| | - Omer Nur
- Physics and Electronics, Department of Sciences and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
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García-Arribas A. The Performance of the Magneto-Impedance Effect for the Detection of Superparamagnetic Particles. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071961. [PMID: 32244423 PMCID: PMC7181250 DOI: 10.3390/s20071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The performance of magneto-impedance sensors to detect the presence and concentration of magnetic nanoparticles is investigated, using finite element calculations to directly solve Maxwell’s equations. In the case of superparamagnetic particles that are not sufficiently magnetized by an external field, it is assumed that the sensitivity of the magneto-impedance sensor to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles comes from the influence of their magnetic permeability on the sensor impedance, and not from the stray magnetic field that the particles produce. The results obtained not only justify this hypothesis, but also provide an explanation for the discrepancies found in the literature about the response of magneto-impedance sensors to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, where some authors report an increasing magneto-impedance signal when the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles is increased, while others report a decreasing tendency. Additionally, it is demonstrated that sensors with lower magneto-impedance response display larger sensitivities to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, indicating that the use of plain, nonmagnetic conductors as sensing materials can be beneficial, at least in the case of superparamagnetic particles insufficiently magnetized in an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo García-Arribas
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, BCMaterials, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Zhang X, Sun L, Yu Y, Zhao Y. Flexible Ferrofluids: Design and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903497. [PMID: 31583782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids, also known as ferromagnetic particle suspensions, are materials with an excellent magnetic response, which have attracted increasing interest in both industrial production and scientific research areas. Because of their outstanding features, such as rapid magnetic reaction, flexible flowability, as well as tunable optical and thermal properties, ferrofluids have found applications in various fields, including material science, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering. Here, a comprehensive, in-depth insight into the diverse applications of ferrofluids from material fabrication, droplet manipulation, and biomedicine to energy and machinery is provided. Design of ferrofluid-related devices, recent developments, as well as present challenges and future prospects are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, He P, Zi F, Hu X, Wang Q. Sensitive assay of Escherichia coli in food samples by microchip capillary electrophoresis based on specific aptamer binding strategy. Talanta 2019; 197:284-290. [PMID: 30771937 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and cost-effective detection of bacteria is of great importance to ensuring food safety, preventing food poisoning. Herein, we developed a sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using bacteria-specific aptamer in conjunction with microchip capillary electrophoresis-coupled laser-induced fluorescence (MCE-LIF). Based on the differences between charge to mass ratios of free aptamer and bacteria-aptamer complex, which influence their electrophoretic mobilities, the separation of free aptamers and complex peaks by MCE could be achieved. Under optimal conditions, the sensitive detection of E. coli was achieved with a detection limit of 3.7 × 102 CFU mL-1, at a fast response of 135 s and a short detection length of 2.3 cm. The spiked recovery experiment showed that E. coli could be recovered from spiked drinking water and milk samples with recovery rates of 94.7% and 92.8%, respectively. This work demonstrates that the established detection strategy can be a useful tool for the detection and/or monitoring of E. coli in food and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Luqi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Futing Zi
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xianzhi Hu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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13
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Zhu F, Zhao G, Dou W. Electrochemical sandwich immunoassay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles and graphene functionalized with electrocatalytically active Au@Pt core/shell nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:455. [PMID: 30215173 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrochemical sandwich immunoassay is described for determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). Silica coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were modified with primary antibody to capture E. coli O157:H7. Gold-platinum core/shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs) with different Pt shell thicknesses were prepared via changing the molar ratio of H2PtCl6 to HAuCl4 in the precursor solution. The optimized Au@Pt NPs exhibit enhanced activity in the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The Au@Pt NPs were modified with graphene that was functionalized with Neutral Red, and then used as an electrochemical label for secondary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The sandwich immunocomplexes were magnetically absorbed on a 4-channel screen printed carbon electrode. Due to the catalysis of the Au@Pt NPs and HRP, the signal is strongly amplified in the presence of H2O2 when using thionine as the electron mediator. Under optimal conditions, the immunoassay has a linear response in the 4.0 × 102 to 4.0 × 108 CFU·mL-1 concentration range, with a limit of detection of 91 CFU·mL-1 (at an S/N ratio of 3). Graphical abstract Preparation of Au@Pt core/shell nanoparticles with different Pt shell thickness (A), rGO-NR (B), rGO-NR-Au@Pt-Ab2-HRP (C) and the preparation and the detection process of the immunoassay (D). rGO: reduced graphene oxide, GO: graphene oxide, NR: Neutral Red, HRP: horseradish peroxidase, AuNPs: gold nanoparticles, Fe3O4@SiO2: Silica coated magnetite nanoparticles, 4-SPCE: 4-channel screen printed carbon electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjun Zhu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guangying Zhao
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenchao Dou
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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14
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Li Y, Ma H, Gan L, Gong A, Zhang H, Liu D, Sun Q. Selective and sensitive Escherichia coli detection based on a T4 bacteriophage-immobilized multimode microfiber. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800012. [PMID: 29664205 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli bacteria have been found to be responsible for various health outbreaks caused by contaminated food and water. Accurate and rapid test of E. coli is thus crucial for protecting the public health. A fast-response, label-free bacteriophage-based detection of E. coli using multimode microfiber probe is proposed and demonstrated in this article. Due to the abrupt taper and subwavelength diameter, different modes are excited and guided in the microfiber as evanescent field that can interact with surrounding E. coli directly. The change of E. coli concentration and corresponding binding of E. coli bacteria on microfiber surface will lead to the shift of optical spectrum, which can be exploited for the application of biosensing. The proposed method is capable of reliable detection of E. coli concentration as low as 103 cfu/mL within the range of 103 to 107 cfu/mL. Owing to the advantages of high sensitivity and fast response, the microfiber probe has great potential application in the fields of environment monitoring and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Gan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Andong Gong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Deming Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qizhen Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Yang Z, Wang H, Guo P, Ding Y, Lei C, Luo Y. A Multi-Region Magnetoimpedance-Based Bio-Analytical System for Ultrasensitive Simultaneous Determination of Cardiac Biomarkers Myoglobin and C-Reactive Protein. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1765. [PMID: 29857573 PMCID: PMC6022111 DOI: 10.3390/s18061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac biomarkers (CBs) are substances that appear in the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed. Measurements of the level of CBs can be used in course of diagnostics or monitoring the state of the health of group risk persons. A multi-region bio-analytical system (MRBAS) based on magnetoimpedance (MI) changes was proposed for ultrasensitive simultaneous detection of CBs myoglobin (Mb) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The microfluidic device was designed and developed using standard microfabrication techniques for their usage in different regions, which were pre-modified with specific antibody for specified detection. Mb and CRP antigens labels attached to commercial Dynabeads with selected concentrations were trapped in different detection regions. The MI response of the triple sensitive element was carefully evaluated in initial state and in the presence of biomarkers. The results showed that the MI-based bio-sensing system had high selectivity and sensitivity for detection of CBs. Compared with the control region, ultrasensitive detections of CRP and Mb were accomplished with the detection limits of 1.0 pg/mL and 0.1 pg/mL, respectively. The linear detection range contained low concentration detection area and high concentration detection area, which were 1 pg/mL⁻10 ng/mL, 10⁻100 ng/mL for CRP, and 0.1 pg/mL⁻1 ng/mL, 1 n/mL⁻80 ng/mL for Mb. The measurement technique presented here provides a new methodology for multi-target biomolecules rapid testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Pengfei Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Chong Lei
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of electronic information and electrical engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongsong Luo
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
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16
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Ye L, Zhao G, Dou W. An electrochemical immunoassay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 using double functionalized Au@Pt/SiO 2 nanocomposites and immune magnetic nanoparticles. Talanta 2018; 182:354-362. [PMID: 29501164 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) with Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles (Au@Pt) functionalized silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NPs) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) was designed for the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). The poly-(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSMA) as a negatively charged polyelectrolyte can be easily coated on surface of the amino group modified SiO2 NPs via electrostatic force. PSSMA is also a good stabilizer for water-soluble bimetallic nanostructures. The PSSMA is first time used as a "bridge" to connect the negative charge Au@Pt NPs to the SiO2 NPs, forming Au@Pt/SiO2 NPs. Antibody and invertase conjugated Au@Pt/SiO2 NPs (denoted as Ab/invertase-Au@Pt/SiO2 NPs) were used as signal labels. Monoclonal antibody against E. coli O157:H7 (Ab) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (denoted as Ab-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) were used to enrich and capture the E. coli O157:H7 in positive sample. The immunosensing platform also composed of a personal glucometer (PGM) using for signal readout. Based on this sandwich-type immunoassay, the invertase in the final formed sandwich immunocomplex catalyzed the hydrolysis of sucrose to produce a large amount of glucose for quantitative readout by the PGM. Under optimal conditions, a linear relationship between the glucose concentration and the logarithm of E. coli O157:H7 concentration was obtained in the concentration range from 3.5 × 102 to 3.5 × 108 CFU mL-1 with a detection limit of 1.83 × 102 CFU mL-1 (3σ). This method was used to detect E. coli O157:H7 in spiked milk samples, indicating its potential practical application. This protocol can be applied in various fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxian Ye
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guangying Zhao
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Wenchao Dou
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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17
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Li Y, Ma H, Gan L, Gong A, Zhang H, Liu D, Sun Q. Immobilized optical fiber microprobe for selective and sensitive Escherichia coli detection. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017:e201700162. [PMID: 29064161 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria have been found to be responsible for various health outbreaks caused by contaminated food and water. Accurate and rapid test of E. coli is thus crucial for protecting the public health. A fast-response, label-free bacteriophage-based detection of E. coli using multimode microfiber probe is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. Due to the abrupt taper and subwavelength diameter, different modes are excited and guided in the microfiber as evanescent field that can interact with surrounding E. coli directly. The change of E. coli concentration and corresponding binding of E. coli bacteria on microfiber surface will lead to the shift of optical spectrum, which can be exploited for the application of biosensing. The proposed method is capable of reliable detection of E. coli concentration as low as 103 cfu/mL within the range of 103 to 107 cfu/mL. Owing to the advantages of high sensitivity and fast response, the microfiber probe has great potential application in the fields of environment monitoring and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Gan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Andong Gong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Deming Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qizhen Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
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18
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A novel SERS nanoprobe based on the use of core-shell nanoparticles with embedded reporter molecule to detect E. coli O157:H7 with high sensitivity. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Ye W, Chen T, Mao Y, Tian F, Sun P, Yang M. The effect of pore size in an ultrasensitive DNA sandwich-hybridization assay for the Escherichia coli O157:H7 gene based on the use of a nanoporous alumina membrane. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Jin SA, Heo Y, Lin LK, Deering AJ, Chiu GTC, Allebach JP, Stanciu LA. Gold decorated polystyrene particles for lateral flow immunodetection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Magnetic impedance biosensor: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:418-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Yu J, Wang H, Liu X, Huang J. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of E. coli and S. typhimurium based on target recycling amplification using self-assembled hairpin probes on a gold electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Paper matrix based array for rapid and sensitive optical detection of mercury ions using silver enhancement. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Nanogapped impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of 16 kDa heat shock protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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