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Oviedo MN, Luján CE, Lemos AA, Botella MB, Llaver M, Wuilloud RG. An overview of preconcentration techniques combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace element determination in biological studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2641-2656. [PMID: 38243115 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In the last decades, the determination of trace elements in biological materials has emerged as an important area of study because of its relevance to human health and the environment. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has proven to be a powerful tool for trace element analysis, owing to its high sensitivity and ability to determine several elements in a single measurement. However, given the complex nature of biological matrices and the presence of elements, most of them at ultratrace levels, it becomes crucial to complement ICP-MS with preconcentration techniques to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical methods. This article presents an exhaustive overview of liquid- and solid-phase preconcentration techniques used in combination with ICP-MS for trace element determination in different biological samples from 2000 to the present. An in-depth discussion of the advances on the application of state-of-the-art solvents and materials in trace element extraction and preconcentration is presented. Special attention is given to different strategies for elemental speciation analysis, employing both chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques. The role of automation in these methodologies is also described. Finally, future trends and challenges related to this topic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Oviedo
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo / Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cecilia E Luján
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo / Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Aldana A Lemos
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo / Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María B Botella
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo / Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Llaver
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo / Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo G Wuilloud
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo / Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Ullah N, Tuzen M. A New Trend and Future Perspectives of the Miniaturization of Conventional Extraction Methods for Elemental Analysis in Different Real Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36197714 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2128635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is one of the viable procedures to be used before analysis to enhance sensitivity and reduce the matrix effect. The current review is mainly emphasized the latest outcome and applications of microextraction techniques based on the miniaturization of the classical conventional methods based on liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction for the quantitative elemental analysis in different real samples. The limitation of the conventional sample preparation methods (liquid and solid phase extraction) has been overcome by developing a new way of reducing size as compared with the conventional system through the miniaturization approach. Miniaturization of the sample preparation techniques has received extensive attention due to its extraction at microlevels, speedy, economical, eco-friendly, and high extraction capability. The growing demand for speedy, economically feasible, and environmentally sound analytical approaches is the main intention to upgrade the conventional procedures apply for sample preparation in environmental investigation. A growing trend of research has been perceived to quantify the trace for elemental analysis in different natures of real samples. This review also recapitulates the current futuristic scenarios for the green and economically viable procedure with special overemphasis and concentrates on eco-friendly miniaturized sample-preparation techniques such as liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This review also emphasizes the latest progress and applications of the LPME and SPME approach and their future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Research Institute, Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Determination of Ultra-Trace Cobalt in Water Samples Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092694. [PMID: 35566045 PMCID: PMC9102969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of ultra-trace cobalt by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. It is based on the color reaction of Co2+ with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminoaniline (5-Br-PADMA) in a Britton–Robinson buffer solution at pH 6.0 to form stable hydrophobic chelates, which were separated and enriched by DLLME with 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl) as extraction and acetonitrile (CH3CN) as a dispersive solvent. The sedimented phase containing the chelates is then determined with GFAAS. Parameters that affect extraction efficiency, such as types and volumes of extraction and disperser solvents, pH of sample solution, extraction time, concentration of the chelating agent 5-Br-PADMA, and salt effect, were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range 0.05–1.0 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9922 and a detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL. Preconcentration factor (PF) is calculated as the ratio of the aqueous solution volume (5 mL) to that of the organic phase volume (40 μL), and enrichment factor (EF) is calculated as the ratio of the slopes of the calibration graphs obtained with and without DLLME for 5.0 mL of sample solution, which were 120 and 112.5, respectively. The extraction efficiency, calculated by EF/PF·100, was 93.8%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) at the 0.5 ng/mL Co2+ level was 3.8% (n = 6). The method has been applied to the determination of trace cobalt in water samples with satisfactory results.
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Peng Y, Xu M, Guo Y, Yang H, Zhou Y. A novel signal amplification biosensor for detection of Cd 2+ based on asymmetric PCR. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120885. [PMID: 35051799 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel signal amplification biosensor was utilized to detect Cd2+ based on asymmetric PCR. In the presence of Cd2+, it can bind with Cd2+-aptamer C1 which caused the complementary strand C2 to be released from double-stranded DNA C1-C2. Because the single-stranded C1 cannot be hydrolyzed by Exo III, it can be used as a template to take part in asymmetric PCR reaction. In the absence of Cd2+, the C1-C2 was digested by Exo III and no PCR template was left. During the experiment, an interesting phenomenon was found that the asymmetric PCR can obtain higher level of fluorescent signal than that of symmetric PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of using asymmetric PCR to detect Cd2+. Through the asymmetric PCR amplification strategy, this biosensor had a low detection limit (19.93 nM) and a wide linear range (0-500 nM). Meanwhile, this biosensor showed a satisfactory selectivity and recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou 550083, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil &Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
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Synthesis and performance of cross-linked poly(vinylpyridine-co-protoporphyrin) for effective cobalt determination using a micro-packed column hyphenated system coupled to FAAS. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ding J, Hayat K, Yang X, Zhan X, Zhang D, Lu Y, Zhou P. A Facile Aptasensor for Instantaneous Determination of Cadmium Ions Based on Fluorescence Amplification Effect of MOPS on FAM-Labeled Aptamer. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050133. [PMID: 33922514 PMCID: PMC8145427 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analytical performance and efficiency are two pivotal issues for developing an on-site and real-time aptasensor for cadmium (Cd2+) determination. However, suffering from redundant preparations, fabrications, and incubation, most of them fail to well satisfy the requirements. In this work, we found that fluorescence intensity of 6-carboxyfluorescein(FAM)-labeled aptamer (FAM-aptamer) could be remarkably amplified by 3-(N-morpholino)propane sulfonic acid (MOPS), then fell proportionally as Cd2+ concentration introduced. Importantly, the fluorescence variation occurred immediately after addition of Cd2+, and would keep stable for at least 60 min. Based on the discovery, a facile and ultra-efficient aptasensor for Cd2+ determination was successfully developed. The sensing mechanism was confirmed by fluorescence pattern, circular dichroism (CD) and intermolecular interaction related to pKa. Under the optimal conditions, Cd2+ could be determined rapidly from 5 to 4000 ng mL-1. The detection limit (1.92 ng mL-1) was also lower than the concentration limit for drinking water set by WHO and EPA (3 and 5 ng mL-1, respectively). More than a widely used buffer, MOPS was firstly revealed to have fluorescence amplification effect on FAM-aptamer upon a given context. Despite being sensitive to pH, this simple, high-performance and ultra-efficient aptasensor would be practical for on-site and real-time monitoring of Cd2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jina Ding
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuejia Zhan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-34205762
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ding J, Hayat K, Yang X, Zhan X, Zhang D, Lu Y, Zhou P. Label-Free and Sensitive Determination of Cadmium Ions Using a Ti-Modified Co 3O 4-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10120195. [PMID: 33266040 PMCID: PMC7761109 DOI: 10.3390/bios10120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The current work demonstrates an electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive determination of Cd2+ based on the Ti-modified Co3O4 nanoparticles. In this unlabeled system, Ti-modified Co3O4 nanoparticles act as current signal amplifiers modified on the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surface, while the derivative aptamer of Cd2+ works as a target recognizer. In addition, the sensing is based on the increase in electrochemical probe thionine current signal due to the binding of aptamer to Cd2+ via specific recognition. In the current study, key parameters, including aptamer concentration, pH, and incubation time were optimized, respectively, to ensure sensing performance. Cyclic voltammetry was used not only to characterize each preparation and optimization step, but also to profile the bindings of aptamer to Cd2+. Under optimal conditions, Cd2+ can be determined in a linear range of 0.20 to 15 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.49 ng/mL, significantly below the maximum concentration limit set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Based on comparative analysis and the results of recovery test with real samples, this simple, label-free but highly selective method has considerable potential and thus can be used as an in-situ environmental monitoring platform for Cd2+ testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jina Ding
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuejia Zhan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (J.D.); (K.H.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-34205762
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Fei JJ, Zhao LY, Wu XH, Cui XB, Min H, Lian HZ, Chen YJ. In-tube solid-phase microextraction with a hybrid monolithic column for the preconcentration of ultra-trace metals prior to simultaneous determination by ICP-MS. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:356. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Highly sensitive detection of Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ based on ZIF-67/MWCNT/Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:166-175. [PMID: 32534669 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of different facile modification layers (MLs) was designed to gradually increase the electrochemical sensing performance of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for simultaneously detecting Pb2+ and Cu2+. ML designs were mainly a different combination of ZIF-67, MWCNT and Nafion, and their different electrochemical sensing performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) and chronocoulometry. The fabricated sensor, which modified with ZIF-67/MWCNT and Nafion layer, exhibited the biggest response peak current to Pb2+ and Cu2+. In addition, it displayed a wide linear detection range of 1.38 nM-5 μM for Pb2+ and 1.26 nM-5 μM for Cu2+, a detection accuracy of about 1 nM for both Pb2+ and Cu2+, and an excellent stability for both Pb2+ and Cu2+. We also analyzed the real water sample taken from Changchun's Sanjia Lake and Yan Lake. We believe this ML design provides instruction for building high-performance electrochemical sensing systems.
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