1
|
Bao C, Deng L, Huang F, Yang M, Li X. Signal amplification strategies in photoelectrochemical sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116543. [PMID: 38963951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer markers is critical for cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy since these markers may indicate cancer risk, incidence, and disease prognosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a type of non-specific and broad-spectrum cancer biomarker commonly utilized for early cancer diagnosis. Moreover, it serves as an essential tool to assess the efficacy of cancer treatment and monitor tumor recurrence as well as metastasis, thus garnering significant attention for precise and sensitive CEA detection. In recent years, photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques have emerged as prominent methods in CEA detection due to the advantages of PEC, such as simple equipment requirements, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, low interference from background signals, and easy of instrument miniaturization. Different signal amplification methods have been reported in PEC sensors for CEA analysis. Based on these, this article reviews PEC sensors based on various signal amplification strategies for detection of CEA during the last five years. The advantages and drawbacks of these sensors were discussed, as well as future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Bao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Furong Labratory, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Furong Labratory, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ekwujuru EU, Olatunde AM, Klink MJ, Ssemakalu CC, Chili MM, Peleyeju MG. Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4106. [PMID: 37112447 PMCID: PMC10142013 DOI: 10.3390/s23084106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing is an emerging technological innovation for monitoring small substances/molecules in biological or non-biological systems. In particular, there has been a surge of interest in developing PEC devices for determining molecules of clinical significance. This is especially the case for molecules that are markers for serious and deadly medical conditions. The increased interest in PEC sensors to monitor such biomarkers can be attributed to the many apparent advantages of the PEC system, including an enhanced measurable signal, high potential for miniaturization, rapid testing, and low cost, amongst others. The growing number of published research reports on the subject calls for a comprehensive review of the various findings. This article is a review of studies on electrochemical (EC) and PEC sensors for ovarian cancer biomarkers in the last seven years (2016-2022). EC sensors were included because PEC is an improved EC; and a comparison of both systems has, expectedly, been carried out in many studies. Specific attention was given to the different markers of ovarian cancer and the EC/PEC sensing platforms developed for their detection/quantification. Relevant articles were sourced from the following databases: Scopus, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete, EBSCO, CORE, Directory of open Access Journals (DOAJ), Public Library of Science (PLOS), BioMed Central (BMC), Semantic Scholar, Research Gate, SciELO, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier and SpringerLink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezinne U. Ekwujuru
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | | | - Michael J. Klink
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Cornelius C. Ssemakalu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Muntuwenkosi M. Chili
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
- Centre for Academic Development, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Moses G. Peleyeju
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
- Centre for Academic Development, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Zheng X, Yu X, Li X, Lin Y, Lin H, Ye S, Huang X, Tang D, Lai W. Novel rapid coordination of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and iron(III) as chromogenic substrate system based on Fe 2O 3 nanoparticle and application in immunoassay for the colorimetric detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Talanta 2023; 258:124414. [PMID: 36889191 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
This work for the first time reports on a simple and rapid colorimetric immunoassay with rapid coordination of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) and iron (III) for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, used as a model) by using Fe2O3 nanoparticle based-chromogenic substrate system. The signal was produced rapidly (1 min) from the coordination of AAP and iron (III) with color development of colorless to brown. TD-DFT calculation methods were employed to simulate the UV-Vis spectra of AAP-Fe2+ and AAP-Fe3+ complexes. Moreover, Fe2O3 nanoparticle could be dissolved with the aid of acid, thereby releasing free iron (III). Herein, a sandwich-type immunoassay was established based on Fe2O3 nanoparticle as labels. As target CEA concentration increased, the number of Fe2O3 labelled-antibodies (bound specifically) increased, resulting in loading more Fe2O3 nanoparticle on platform. The absorbance increased as the number of free iron (III), derived from Fe2O3 nanoparticle, increased. So, the absorbance of reaction solution is positively correlated with antigen concentration. Under optimal conditions, the current results showed good performance for CEA detection in the range 0.02-10.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 11 pg/mL. Moreover, the repeatability, stability, and selectivity of the colorimetric immunoassay were also acceptable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huizi Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Fujian Yigong Soft Packaging Technology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bismuth Oxychloride Nanomaterials Fighting for Human Health: From Photodegradation to Biomedical Applications. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution and various diseases seriously affect the health of human beings. Photocatalytic nanomaterials (NMs) have been used for degrading pollution for a long time. However, the biomedical applications of photocatalytic NMs have only recently been investigated. As a typical photocatalytic NM, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance due to its unique layered structure, electronic properties, optical properties, good photocatalytic activity, and stability. Some environmental pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds, antibiotics and their derivatives, heavy metal ions, pesticides, and microorganisms, could not only be detected but also be degraded by BiOCl-based NMs due to their excellent photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties. In particular, BiOCl-based NMs have been used as theranostic platforms because of their CT and photoacoustic imaging abilities, as well as photodynamic and photothermal performances. However, some reviews have only profiled the applications of dye degradation, hydrogen or oxygen production, carbon dioxide reduction, or nitrogen fixation of BiOCl NMs. There is a notable knowledge gap regarding the systematic study of the relationship between BiOCl NMs and human health, especially the biomedical applications of BiOCl-based NMs. As a result, in this review, the recent progress of BiOCl-based photocatalytic degradation and biomedical applications are summarized, and the improvement of BiOCl-based NMs in environmental and healthcare fields are also discussed. Finally, a few insights into the current status and future perspectives of BiOCl-based NMs are given.
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Qiu S, Liu Z, Wu S, Tang Q, Liao X, Gao F. Proximity hybridization induced DNA assembly for label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339314. [PMID: 35033249 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our research, label-free and surface-enhanced Raman dyes-free Raman spectroscopy which was used to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) according to poly adenine (Poly A)-regulated self-assembly methods was developed and studied. CEA induced partial hybridization of Ab-H2 and Ab-H1, and Ab-H1-CEA-Ab-H2 (a sandwich proximity CEA-DNA complex) was formed, which unfolded molecular beacon 1 (MB1) and modified the substrate. Subsequently, MB2-AuNPs were hybridized with MB1, and Ab-H1-CEA-Ab-H2 was released via toehold regulated displacements of DNA strands. Therefore, hybridization processes of MB2 and MB1 were induced and promoted by CEA-DNA complexes which worked as catalysts. The misplaced target then induced a next round of strand exchange, and the signals for determination of CEA were amplified by AuNPs absorbed on the substrate. It was indicated that the spectral characteristics of adenine at 736 cm-1 were consistent with the SERS spectrum of DNA. Adenine acted as an internal marker for label-free SERS detection of CEA. Moreover, satisfactory stability and reproducibility were found. Meanwhile, the antibody could specifically recognize the corresponding antigen. Since adenine was dominant in SERS spectra, which was also proximal to Au surface, the sensitivity of the novel method was high without modifications. The analytical performance of this method in determining serum CEA was satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Huang
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China
| | - Shang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shengyue Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China
| | - Xianjiu Liao
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China.
| | - Fenglei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang J, Xia J, Zang Y, Diao G. Electrochemistry/Photoelectrochemistry-Based Immunosensing and Aptasensing of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7742. [PMID: 34833818 PMCID: PMC8624776 DOI: 10.3390/s21227742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, electrochemistry- and photoelectrochemistry-based biosensors have been regarded as powerful tools for trace monitoring of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) due to the fact of their intrinsic advantages (e.g., high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, small background, and low cost), which play an important role in early cancer screening and diagnosis and benefit people's increasing demands for medical and health services. Thus, this mini-review will introduce the current trends in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors for CEA assay and classify them into two main categories according to the interactions between target and biorecognition elements: immunosensors and aptasensors. Some recent illustrative examples are summarized for interested readers, accompanied by simple descriptions of the related signaling strategies, advanced materials, and detection modes. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of future electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Zang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (J.J.); (J.X.); (G.D.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Many organic pollutants are discharged into the environment, which results in the frequent detection of organic pollutants in surface water and underground water. Some of the organic pollutants can stay for a long time in the environment due to their recalcitrance. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can effectively treat the recalcitrant organic compounds in water. Photocatalysis as one of the AOPs has attracted a lot of interest. BiOCl and g-C3N4 are nice photocatalysts. However, their catalytic activity should be further improved for industrial utilization. The construction of heterojunction between the two different components is deemed as an efficient strategy for developing a highly efficient photocatalyst. As a typical type-II heterojunction, g-C3N4/BiOCl heterojunctions showed better photocatalytic performance. To date, the g-C3N4/BiOCl composites were mainly studied in the field of water purification. The photoactivity of the pristine catalysts was greatly enhanced by the combination of the two materials. However, three kinds of proposed mechanisms were used to explain the improvement of the g-C3N4/BiOCl heterojunctions. But few researchers tried to explain why there were three different scenarios employed to explain the charge transfer. According to the articles reviewed, no direct evidence could indicate whether the band structures of the heterojunctions based on BiOCl and g-C3N4 were changed. Therefore, many more studies are needed to reveal the truth. Having a clearer understanding of the mechanism is beneficial for researchers to construct more efficient photocatalysts. This article is trying to start a new direction of research to inspire more researchers to prepare highly effective photocatalysts.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zang Y, Cao R, Zhang C, Xu Q, Yang Z, Xue H, Shen Y. TiO 2-sensitized double-shell ZnCdS hollow nanospheres for photoelectrochemical immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen coupled with hybridization chain reaction-dependent Cu 2+ quenching. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 185:113251. [PMID: 33905965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoelectrochemical immunosensor was constructed to monitor carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-mediated in situ generation of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) and subsequent Cu2+-dependent quenching reaction, in which titanium dioxide nanoparticles-sensitized double-shell zinc cadmium sulfide hollow nanospheres (TiO2/DS-ZnCdS)-modified ITO electrode and anti-CEA antibody-modified 96-well plate served as biological recognition and signal detection platforms, respectively. The synergistic effect of TiO2 NPs and DS-ZnCdS hollow nanospheres contributed to the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency, and HCR-mediated signal cascade benefited the enhancement of detection sensitivity. In the presence of CEA, biotin-labelled anti-CEA antibodies were immobilized onto anti-CEA antibody-modified 96-well plate, and triggered HCR process to form long double stranded DNA, which could adsorb a large number of Cu2+ ions and then in situ form Cu NPs on double stranded DNA template by a facile reduction reaction. After acid treatment, the dissolved Cu2+ ions could significantly reduce the photocurrent response due to the generation of CuxS. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor exhibited a desirable liner range of 1 pg mL-1 - 50 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL-1, as well as excellent selectivity and stability. Meanwhile, the recoveries of human serum sample analysis ranged from 96.8% to 103.6%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 7.40%, showing a good feasibility in early clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China.
| | - Rong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Zhanjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Huaiguo Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, PR China
| | - Yizhong Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nanozyme based on CoFe 2O 4 modified with MoS 2 for colorimetric determination of cysteine and glutathione. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:65. [PMID: 33543407 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A nanozyme based on CoFe2O4 modified with MoS2 was constructed for colorimetric determination of cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH). Firstly, ferrite CoFe2O4 is synthesized, and it is then modified by MoS2 to form a flower-like polymer (MoS2@CoFe2O4). In the presence of H2O2, a redox interaction takes place, and the resulting hydroxyl promoted a colorimetric conversion from colorless to blue in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). However, once Cys or GSH is added, they are capable to compete with the interaction of the hydroxyl with TMB, resulting in an inhibition of the colorimetric conversion. The colorimetric distinction is sensitive to the amount of target. The results obtained proved that the catalytic efficiency of MoS2@CoFe2O4 is 4.4-fold and 1.8-fold to that of MoS2 and CoFe2O4. Meanwhile, the Km values to TMB and H2O2 are 0.067 and 0.048 mM, respectively, which are 6.5-fold and 77-fold, respectively smaller than those of natural peroxidase such as HPR. This indicates that the MoS2@CoFe2O4 possesses a favorable interaction affinity. Additionally, the colorimetric distinction caused by the competition between TMB and cysteine or glutathione is obvious. The signal responses to cysteine and glutathione are linear in the range 0.5~15 μM and 0.5~35 μM, and the LODs are 0.10 and 0.21 μM, respectively. In practical assay of Cys in serum, the RSD of the sample tests is 4.6%, and the recoveries for the spiked assays are 95.3% and 96.0% with the RSD of 2.1% and 4.2%, respectively.
Collapse
|
10
|
Idris AO, Oseghe EO, Msagati TAM, Kuvarega AT, Feleni U, Mamba B. Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5743. [PMID: 33050361 PMCID: PMC7600177 DOI: 10.3390/s20205743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has attracted the interest of researchers and industrial communities owing to its outstanding analytical merits such as low-cost synthesis, high stability, unique electronic properties, catalytic ability, high quantum yield, nontoxicity, metal-free, low bandgap energy, and electron-rich properties. Notably, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitrides. It has been explored in various analytical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility properties, including ease of surface functionalization and hydrogen-bonding. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) acts as a nanomediator and serves as an immobilization layer to detect various biomolecules. Numerous reports have been presented in the literature on applying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and amperometry techniques have been extensively used for the detection of biologic molecules and heavy metals, with high sensitivity and good selectivity. For this reason, the leading drive of this review is to stress the importance of employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azeez O. Idris
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), Florida Campus, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (E.O.O.); (T.A.M.M.); (A.T.K.); (U.F.); (B.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Medetalibeyoglu H, Kotan G, Atar N, Yola ML. A novel sandwich-type SERS immunosensor for selective and sensitive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:100-110. [PMID: 33190692 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the malignant tumors via cancer biomarkers is very significant process. Nonetheless, the practical clinical applications need selective and sensitive analytical methods/techniques. In this study, a novel sandwich type immunosensor based on surface-enhanced raman scattering (SERS) was presented including 4-mercaptobenzoic acid labeled MoS2 nanoflowers@Au nanoparticles (MoS2 NFs@Au NPs/ MBA) as CEASERS tag and Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles functionalized delaminated Ti3C2Tx MXene (Fe3O4 NPs@Au NPs/d-Ti3C2TX MXene) as SERS magnetic supporting substrate for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection. Especially, the determination of single molecule by using SERS method enables early diagnosis of major diseases. In addition, this technique can be utilized for multiplex analyzes owing to narrow well-resolved peaks. The prepared CEASERS tag and SERS magnetic supporting substrate were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) method, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A linearity of 0.0001-100.0 ng mL-1 was observed with high sensitivity. Finally, sandwich type immunosensor demonstrated good selectivity and stability for target CEA recognition in plasma sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Medetalibeyoglu
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Kars, Turkey
| | - Gül Kotan
- Kafkas University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Kars Vocational School, Kars, Turkey
| | - Necip Atar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hatay, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Electrochemical immunoassay for the carcinoembryonic antigen based on Au NPs modified zeolitic imidazolate framework and ordered mesoporous carbon. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:264. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|