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Chen F, Xia X, Ye D, Li T, Huang X, Cai C, Zhu C, Lin C, Deng T, Liu F. A Green-Emitting Luminol Analogue as the Next-Generation Chemiluminescent Substrate in Biochemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5773-5779. [PMID: 36919412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Luminol and its derivatives are extensively used as chemiluminogenic substrates in bioimaging and biochemical analysis. Luminol reagents can typically emit blue chemiluminescence (CL), whose wavelength is normally outside the most sensitive detection range of human naked eyes and most CL analyzers with silicon-based charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors. Development of luminol analogues with longer wavelength emission is thus attractive. Herein, four new phthalhydrazide CL probes (GL-1/2/3/4) have been prepared through the derivatization of luminol. The most promising one, 5-(4-hydroxy-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (GL-1), emits bright green CL upon oxidation and shows enhanced CL performance compared to its parent luminol. Bloodstain imaging, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-based immunoassay, and the analysis of glucose/glucose oxidase reaction have been performed using the GL-1 reagent. These results indicate that GL-1 is a new chemiluminogenic luminol analogue with great potential in real analytical applications and will be an alternative to replace luminol in practical CL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Chun Cai
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Tao Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Li S, Luo J, Wu Y, Ma X, Pang C, Wang M, Luo J, Zhang C, Tan G. Determination of trichlorfon using a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor on multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:347. [PMID: 36001192 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considering the limitations associated with existing methods for the detection of trace amounts of trichlorfon, this paper proposes a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the detection of trichlorfon by utilizing the double enhancement effect of trichlorfon and Ag nanoparticles supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/Ag NPs) in a luminol-H2O2 ECL system. Here, trichlorfon was electropolymerized on the surface of the MWCNT/Ag NP-modified gold nanoelectrode with o-phenylenediamine to prepare the molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor. After eluting the trichlorfon, imprinted holes for the identification of trichlorfon were retained on the sensor, which were used as signal switches to obtain different ECL intensities through the adsorption of different concentrations of trichlorfon. The ECL signal of the sensitized luminol-H2O2 was doubly enhanced by the MWCNTs/Ag and trichlorfon, improving the sensitivity of the sensor. The trichlorfon concentration was positively correlated with the enhanced ECL intensity of the sensor in the range 5.0 × 10-8-5.0 × 10-11 mol L-1, and the detection limit of trichlorfon was 3.9 × 10-12 mol L-1. Moreover, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the detection of trichlorfon residues in real samples, and the recovery ranged between 91.8 and 109%. A molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor for trichlorfon detection by utilizing the double enhancement effect of trichlorfon and Ag nanoparticles supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a luminol-H2O2 ECL system. The dual enhancement of the ECL signal improved the sensitivity of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Jinmei Luo
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Xionghui Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Chaohai Pang
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Jinhui Luo
- Analysis and Test Center, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Gaohao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, 570311, China
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Self-enhanced luminol-based electrochemiluminescent hydrogels: An ultrasensitive biosensing platform for fusion gene analysis coupled with target-initiated DNAzyme motor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113784. [PMID: 34801798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BCR/ABL fusion gene has been discovered as an important and reliable biomarker for early diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Herein, a novel and switching electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for ultrasensitive determination of the fusion gene based on the self-enhanced polyethyleneimine-luminol (PEI-Lum) hydrogels coupled with target-initiated DNAzyme motor. The facilely prepared PEI-Lum hydrogels could not only immobilize enormous luminol but shorten the distance of binary system, thus facilitating the mass and electron transfer efficiency of the sensing interface, so that the enhanced ECL signal was achieved. Moreover, the engineering DNA motor was powered by Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme for isothermal DNA signal amplification. As a result, the fabricated ECL biosensor enabled highly sensitive detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene with a broad linear range from 10.0 fM to 10.0 nM and a low detection limit of 3.75 fM (S/N = 3). Significantly, the developed biosensing method provides a potential tool for nucleic acid analysis in clinical diagnosis and a new avenue to design high-efficient ECL nanomaterials.
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Yang L, De-Jager CR, Adsetts JR, Chu K, Liu K, Zhang C, Ding Z. Analyzing Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots in Aqueous Media. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12409-12416. [PMID: 34464100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of emissions, especially electrochemiluminescence (ECL), for graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are poorly understood, which makes near-infrared (NIR)-emitting GQDs difficult to create. To explore this poorly understood NIR ECL, two GQDs, nitrogen-doped GQDs (GQD-1) and nitrogen- and sulfur-doped ones (GQD-2), were prepared by a simple one-step solvothermal reaction with similar core structures but different surface states. The GQDs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Photoluminescence results, with a comparable quantum efficiency of 13% to strong luminophores in aqueous media, suggested a mechanism that the emission mainly depends on the core structure while slightly adjusted by the heteroatom doping. ECL of GQD-2 dispersed in aqueous media with K2S2O8 as the coreactant was measured by means of ECL-voltage curves and ECL spectroscopy, demonstrating strong NIR emissions between 680 and 870 nm, with a high ECL efficiency of 13% relative to that of the Ru(bpy)32+/K2S2O8 system. Interestingly, ECL is generated by surface excited states emitting light at a much longer wavelength in the NIR region. The easily prepared GQD-2 has several advantages such as low cost and quite strong NIR-ECL in aqueous media, with which wide applications in biodetection are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cindy Rae De-Jager
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ralph Adsetts
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kehan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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