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Muthukutty B, Kumar PS, Vivekanandan AK, Sivakumar M, Lee S, Lee D. Progress and Perspective in harnessing MXene-carbon-based composites (0-3D): Synthesis, performance, and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141838. [PMID: 38561159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
MXene is recognized as a promising catalyst for versatile applications due to its abundant metal sites, physicochemical properties, and structural formation. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth analysis of the incorporation of carbon into MXene, resulting in the formation of MXene-carbon-based composites (MCCs). Pristine MXene exhibits numerous outstanding characteristics, such as its atomically thin 2D structure, hydrophilic surface nature, metallic electrical conductivity, and substantial specific surface area. The introduction of carbon guides the assembly of MCCs through electrostatic self-assembly, pairing positively charged carbon with negatively charged MXene. These interactions result in increased interlayer spacing, reduced ion/electron transport distances, and enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Subsequent sections delve into the synthesis methods for MCCs, focusing on MXene integrated with various carbon structures, including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon. Comprehensive discussions explore the distinctive properties of MCCs and the unique advantages they offer in each application domain, emphasizing the contributions and advancements they bring to specific fields. Furthermore, this comprehensive review addresses the challenges encountered by MCCs across different applications. Through these analyses, the review promotes a deeper understanding of exceptional characteristics and potential applications of MCCs. Insights derived from this review can serve as guidance for future research and development efforts, promoting the widespread utilization of MCCs across a broad spectrum of disciplines and spurring future innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Muthukutty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar
- Magnetics Initiative Life Care Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Alangadu Kothandan Vivekanandan
- Department of Aeronautical, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Astha, Sangli district, 416301, Maharastra, India
| | - Mani Sivakumar
- Department of General Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 77, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sungwon Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 711873, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou X, Zhang J, Huang D, Yi Y, Wu K, Zhu G. Nitrogen-doped Ti 3C 2 MXene quantum dots as an effective FRET ratio fluorometric probe for sensitive detection of Cu 2+ and D-PA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122484. [PMID: 36796242 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was established to detect Cu2+ and D-PA (d-penicillamine) based on nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots (N-MODs) that was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method and exhibited strong fluorescent and photoluminescence performance as well as excellent stability. Since the oxidation reaction between o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and Cu2+ induced the formation of 2,3-diaminophenazine (ox-OPD) which not only can emerge an emission peak at 570 nm, but also inhibit the fluorescence intensity of N-MQDs at 450 nm, a ratiometric reverse fluorescence sensor via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was designed to sensitively detect Cu2+, where N-MQDs acted as energy donor and ox-OPD as energy acceptor. More importantly, another considerably interesting phenomenon was that their catalytic oxidation reaction can be restrained in the presence of D-PA because of the coordination of Cu2+ with D-PA, further triggering the obvious changes in ratio fluorescent signal and color, thus a ratiometric fluorescent sensor of determining D-PA was proposed also in this work. After optimizing various conditions, the ratiometric sensing platform showed rather low detection limits for Cu2+ (3.0 nM) and D-PA (0.115 μM), coupled with excellent sensitivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Juerui Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yinhui Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Kechen Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, PR China
| | - Gangbing Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoriing for Heavy Metal Pollutants, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, PR China.
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Kaur H, Siwal SS, Chauhan G, Saini AK, Kumari A, Thakur VK. Recent advances in electrochemical-based sensors amplified with carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) for sensing pharmaceutical and food pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135182. [PMID: 35667504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne-related infections due to additives and pollutants pose a considerable task for food processing enterprises. Therefore, the competent, cost-effective, and quick investigation of nutrition additives and contaminants is essential to reduce the threat of public fitness problems. The electrochemical sensor (ECS) shows facile and potent analytical approaches desirable for food protection and quality inspection over traditional methods. The consequence of a broad display of nanomaterials has paved the path for their relevance in designing high-performance ECSs appliances for medical diagnostics and conditions and food protection. This review article has discussed the importance of electrochemical-based sensors amplified with carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs). Initially, we have demonstrated the types of pharmaceutical and food/agriculture pollutants (such as pesticides, heavy metals, antibiotics and other medical drugs) present in water. Subsequently, we have compiled the information on electrochemical techniques (such as voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and their crucial parameters for detecting pollutants. Further, the applications of CNMs for sensing pharmaceutical and food pollutants have been demonstrated in detail. Finally, the topic has been concluded with existing challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Gunjan Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, GGDSD College Rajpur (Palampur), Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 176061, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Luo YS, Chen Z, Hsieh NH, Lin TE. Chemical and biological assessments of environmental mixtures: A review of current trends, advances, and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128658. [PMID: 35290896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Considering the chemical complexity and toxicity data gaps of environmental mixtures, most studies evaluate the chemical risk individually. However, humans are usually exposed to a cocktail of chemicals in real life. Mixture health assessment remains to be a research area having significant knowledge gaps. Characterization of chemical composition and bioactivity/toxicity are the two critical aspects of mixture health assessments. This review seeks to introduce the recent progress and tools for the chemical and biological characterization of environmental mixtures. The state-of-the-art techniques include the sampling, extraction, rapid detection methods, and the in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches to generate the toxicity data of an environmental mixture. Application of these novel methods, or new approach methodologies (NAMs), has increased the throughput of generating chemical and toxicity data for mixtures and thus refined the mixture health assessment. Combined with computational methods, the chemical and biological information would shed light on identifying the bioactive/toxic components in an environmental mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Xia Y, Zhao Y, Ai F, Yi Y, Liu T, Lin H, Zhu G. N and P co-doped MXenes nanoribbons for electrodeposition-free stripping analysis of Cu(II) and Hg(II). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127974. [PMID: 34883378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present electrochemical stripping analysis (ESA) for multiple heavy metal ions (HMI) generally requires an electrodeposition process at a very low potential below -1.0 V, which inevitably makes the sensing procedures more complex, inefficient and power-wasting. Meanwhile, the emerging MXenes rising-star materials have been studied in various fields recently. While there are only few reports focusing on the heteroatom doping of MXenes, especially no doping-MXenes for electroanalysis. Based on these issues, a novel multifunctional heteroatoms-doped MXenes nanomaterial, N and P co-doped Ti3C2Tx MXenes nanoribbons (N,P-Ti3C2TxR), was prepared herein for the first time, and then N,P-Ti3C2TxR was used as electrode material to propose an electrodeposition-free ESA strategy for multiple HMI (Cu2+, Hg2+). Owing to the unique spontaneous adsorption and reducing capacities of N,P-Ti3C2TxR towards Cu2+ and Hg2+ coupled with the excellent sensing performances, Cu2+ and Hg2+ can undergo self-reduction to be preconcentrated on N,P-Ti3C2TxR surface with the form of Cu0 and Hg0, thus a simple and ultrasensitive electrodeposition-free ESA platform was developed successfully for the simultaneous detection of Cu2+and Hg2+. This work opened a new pathway for the detection for multiple HMI and the preparation/application of heteroatoms doping MXenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xia
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Customs Comprehensive Technical Service Center, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Customs District People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510470, PR China
| | - Fengxiang Ai
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yinhui Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huiyu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, PR China
| | - Gangbing Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, PR China.
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Wang Z, Yu L, Huang Y, Chen Y, Cao H. Highly sensitive determination of anesthetic drug benzocaine based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-carbon black nanohybrids. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:900-906. [PMID: 35166277 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzocaine (BZC) is a local anaesthetic drug coupled with numerous adverse effects, and thus poses a great challenge for its simple and highly sensitive detection. For resolving this issue, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-carbon black (HP-β-CD-CB) nanohybrid that possesses the collaborative advantages of CB (e.g., excellent electrical properties, large surface area) and HP-β-CD (e.g., high molecule recognition and preconcentration capability) was synthesized in this study via a simple process and then utilized as a novel electrode material to electrochemically detect BZC. With the optimized experimental conditions, the HP-β-CD-CB nanohybrid-modified electrode shows wide linearity from 0.05 to 7.0 μM and very low detection limit (0.015 μM) for BZC detection. In addition, the repeatability, stability, and selectivity as well as practical-sample analysis of the HP-β-CD-CB electrode were investigated, and the observed results are desirable. The superior sensing performances coupled with its advantages including low-cost, simple and highly sensitive detection suggest that HP-β-CD-CB has important potential application for BZC analysis in practical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengchun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingshan Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Niu H, Cai S, Liu X, Huang X, Chen J, Wang S, Zhang S. A novel electrochemical sandwich-like immunosensor based on carboxyl Ti 3C 2T x MXene and rhodamine b/gold/reduced graphene oxide for Listeria monocytogenes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:843-849. [PMID: 35156973 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is one of the most common food-borne pathogens and can induce a series of diseases with a high mortality rate to humans; hence, it is very necessary to develop a highly sensitive method for LM detection. Based on this need, a new sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing platform was developed herein by preparing carboxyl Ti3C2Tx MXene (C-Ti3C2Tx MXene) as the sensing platform and rhodamine b/gold/reduced graphene oxide (RhB/Au/RGO) as the signal amplifier. The high conductivity and large surface area of C-Ti3C2Tx MXene make it a desirable nanomaterial to fix the primary antibody of LM (PAb), while the prepared Au/RGO/RhB nanohybrid is dedicated to assembling the secondary antibody (SAb) of LM, offering an amplified response signal. Through the use of RhB molecule as the signal probe, the experiments showed that the peak currents of RhB increase along with an increase in the concentration of LM from 10 to 105 CFU mL-1, and an extremely low limit of detection (2 CFU mL-1) was obtained on the basis of the proposed immunosensing platform after optimizing various conditions. Hence, it is confirmed that the developed sandwich-like immunosensor based on C-Ti3C2Tx MXene and RhB/Au/Gr has great application in the detection of LM and other analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Niu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Shumei Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
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Wu X, Kang R, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang T. Electrochemical Immune-Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on Gold Nanoparticle/Ti3C2Tx MXenes as the Sensing Platform by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2007941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
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