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Ratre P, Nazeer N, Soni N, Kaur P, Tiwari R, Mishra PK. Smart carbon-based sensors for the detection of non-coding RNAs associated with exposure to micro(nano)plastics: an artificial intelligence perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8429-8452. [PMID: 38182954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants that individuals eventually consume. Despite this, little is known about MNP's impact on public health. In this article, we assess the evidence for potentially harmful consequences of MNPs in the human body, concentrating on molecular toxicity and exposure routes. Since MNPs are present in various consumer products, foodstuffs, and the air we breathe, exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. MNPs exposure can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammatory lesions, and epigenetic modifications, releasing specific non-coding RNAs in circulation, which can be detected to diagnose non-communicable diseases. This article examines the most fascinating smart carbon-based nanobiosensors for detecting circulating non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs and microRNAs). Carbon-based smart nanomaterials offer many advantages over traditional methods, such as ease of use, sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, for capturing non-coding RNAs. In particular, the synthetic methods, conjugation chemistries, doping, and in silico approach for the characterization of synthesized carbon nanodots and their adaptability to identify and measure non-coding RNAs associated with MNPs exposure is discussed. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the use of artificial intelligence tools for designing smart carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ratre
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nikita Soni
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Prasan Kaur
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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Sun W, Zhang N, Ren X, Wu D, Jia Y, Wei Q, Ju H. Nano-matrixes propped self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence biosensor for microRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115750. [PMID: 37844387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are the potential biomarker for breast cancer, a biosensor for detecting miRNA-21 was successfully prepared by covalently linking carbohydrazide (CON4H6) and tris (4,4 '- dicarboxylic acid-2,2' - bipyridyl) ruthenium dichloride (Ru (dcbpy)32+) as a self-enhanced emitter (Ru-CON4H6). The biosensor was prepared by coating the electrode with mesoporous silica encapsulated Ru-CON4H6 as luminophores (RMSNs) to covalently link a couple of DNA strands (Q1-H2). The RMSNs coated electrode exhibited strong ECL emission due to the intramolecular electron transfer between the electrochemically oxidized Ru (dcbpy)32+ and co-reactant CON4H6. In the presence of target miRNA-21 and an assistant hairpin H1, H2 could be released from the surface through a strand displacement reaction (SDR), and the reserved Q1 could form G-quadruplex upon the addition of K+. The formed G-quadruplex then interacted with Q2-Fc in the presence of Mg2+ to form a DNA complex on the biosensor surface, which quenched the nano-matrixes propped self-enhanced ECL emission through the electron exchange between Fc and electrode or oxidized ECL intermediates. Under optimal conditions, the ECL decrease showed a correlation with target concentration, leading to a biosensing method for sensitive detection of miRNA-21. The proposed ECL method demonstrated a detectable concentration range from 0.1 fM to 1 nM along with a detection limit of 0.03 fM, good accuracy, and acceptable reproducibility, showing that the self-enhanced ECL biosensing strategy supported by nano-matrix provided a new way for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA, and promoted the development of breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Li X, Yu D, Li H, Sun R, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Guo G, Zeng J, Wen CY. High-density Au nanoshells assembled onto Fe 3O 4 nanoclusters for integrated enrichment and photothermal/colorimetric dual-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115688. [PMID: 37714062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) suffer from insufficient sensitivity, difficulty for quantitation, and susceptibility to complex substrates, limiting their practical application. Herein, we developed a polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated approach for assembling high-density Au nanoshells onto Fe3O4 nanoclusters (MagAushell) as LFIA labels for integrated enrichment and photothermal/colorimetric dual-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein). PEI layer served not only as "binders" to Fe3O4 nanoclusters and Au nanoshells, but also "barriers" to ambient environment. Thus, MagAushell not only combined magnetic and photothermal properties, but also showed good stability. With MagAushell, N protein was first separated and enriched from complex samples, and then loaded to the strip for detection. By observation of the color stripes, qualitative detection was performed with naked eye, and by measuring the temperature change under laser irradiation, quantification was attained free of sophisticated instruments. The introduction of Fe3O4 nanoclusters facilitated target purification and enrichment before LFIA, which greatly improved the anti-interference ability and increased the detection sensitivity by 2 orders compared with those without enrichment. Moreover, the high loading density of Au nanoshells on one Fe3O4 nanocluster enhanced the photothermal signal of the nanoprobe significantly, which could further increase the detection sensitivity. The photothermal detection limit reached 43.64 pg/mL which was 1000 times lower than colloidal gold strips. Moreover, this method was successfully applied to real samples, showing great application potential in practice. We envision that this LFIA could serve not only for SARS-CoV-2 detection but also as a general test platform for other biotargets in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Dong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Huiwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Ruichang Sun
- Huangdao Customs of the People's Republic of China, 266580, PR China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Gengchen Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
| | - Cong-Ying Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
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Dong X, Zhu Z, Sun Q, Zhang H, Yang C. Chitosan functionalized gold nanostars as a theranostic platform for intracellular microRNA detection and photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11082-11093. [PMID: 37955609 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02029k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a theranostic platform that integrates both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities is in great need for precise and personalized medicine. Here, we present a novel nanoplatform (AuNS@CS-hpDNA) formulated by chitosan functionalized gold nanostar composites and further complexed with fluorescent hairpin DNA (hpDNA) probes for tumor-related miRNA imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). The optimized AuNS@CS-hpDNA nanoplatform mediated efficient hpDNA probe loading and intracellular delivery. Subsequently, the cytosol transfer of the hpDNA probe enabled specific hybridization using the targeted miRNA, which triggered the recovery of fluorescence for the precise detection of biomarker miR21 in living cells and realized the distinguishing cancer cell line MCF-7 and normal cells. Meanwhile, the AuNS@CS-hpDNA nanoplatform exhibited excellent photothermal conversion properties, which induced efficient cancer cell killing under laser irradiation. Thus, the developed AuNS@CS-hpDNA nanoplatform could simultaneously realize the precise detection of cancer cells and accurately initiate efficient PTT, which represents a promising strategy for precise cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
| | - Zongwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
| | - Hongqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
| | - Chuanxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
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He M, Zheng B, Wei Y, Xiao Y, Kou L, Shang N. Portable smartphone-assisted ratiometric fluorescent test paper based on one-pot synthesized dual emissive carbon dots for visualization and quantification of mercury ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5769-5779. [PMID: 37466680 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emissive fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared through the solvothermal method with citric acid and urea as raw materials and dimethylformamide as the solvent. Two emission peaks were observed at 465 nm and 630 nm. Hg2+ could selectively quench the fluorescence at 630 nm, but the fluorescence intensity at 465 nm was less affected. Accordingly, a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for Hg2+ detection was developed, with a linear detection range of 0.5-40 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 37 nM. The dual-emissive CDs were loaded on the surface of the filter paper to fabricate Hg2+ detection test paper. The color of the test paper could be changed from pink purple to blue by the addition of Hg2+, and thus the qualitative and quantitative detection of Hg2+ could be realized. The concentration distinguishable by the naked eye reached 50 μM, and the quantitative detection range was 5-10,000 μM. This method shows excellent selectivity for Hg2+ and can be used to detect Hg2+ in real water samples, providing a highly potential sensing platform for rapid on-site detection of mercury ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Bo Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yuanhang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Lixin Kou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ning Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
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Synergistic effect enhancing the energy transfer efficiency of carbon dots-based molecular beacon probe for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Ratre P, Nazeer N, Kumari R, Thareja S, Jain B, Tiwari R, Kamthan A, Srivastava RK, Mishra PK. Carbon-Based Fluorescent Nano-Biosensors for the Detection of Cell-Free Circulating MicroRNAs. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:226. [PMID: 36831992 PMCID: PMC9953975 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as potential risks for humans due to adopting a sedentary lifestyle and inaccurate diagnoses. The early detection of NCDs using point-of-care technologies significantly decreases the burden and will be poised to transform clinical intervention and healthcare provision. An imbalance in the levels of circulating cell-free microRNAs (ccf-miRNA) has manifested in NCDs, which are passively released into the bloodstream or actively produced from cells, improving the efficacy of disease screening and providing enormous sensing potential. The effective sensing of ccf-miRNA continues to be a significant technical challenge, even though sophisticated equipment is needed to analyze readouts and expression patterns. Nanomaterials have come to light as a potential solution as they provide significant advantages over other widely used diagnostic techniques to measure miRNAs. Particularly, CNDs-based fluorescence nano-biosensors are of great interest. Owing to the excellent fluorescence characteristics of CNDs, developing such sensors for ccf-microRNAs has been much more accessible. Here, we have critically examined recent advancements in fluorescence-based CNDs biosensors, including tools and techniques used for manufacturing these biosensors. Green synthesis methods for scaling up high-quality, fluorescent CNDs from a natural source are discussed. The various surface modifications that help attach biomolecules to CNDs utilizing covalent conjugation techniques for multiple applications, including self-assembly, sensing, and imaging, are analyzed. The current review will be of particular interest to researchers interested in fluorescence-based biosensors, materials chemistry, nanomedicine, and related fields, as we focus on CNDs-based nano-biosensors for ccf-miRNAs detection applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ratre
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | - Roshani Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Bulbul Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | - Arunika Kamthan
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
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