1
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Xiao S, Hu M, Hong Y, Hu M, Sun T, Chen D. Core-Shell PEDOT-PVDF Nanofiber-Based Ammonia Gas Sensor with Robust Humidity Resistance. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:411. [PMID: 39329786 PMCID: PMC11430444 DOI: 10.3390/bios14090411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Current ammonia sensors exhibit cross-sensitivity to water vapor, leading to false alarms. We developed a core-shell nanofiber (CSNF) structure to address these issues, using conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the core and hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) as the shell. The PEDOT-PVDF CSNF, with a diameter of ~500 nm and a 300 nm thick PVDF layer, showed a superior sensitivity and humidity resistance compared to conventional PEDOT membranes for ammonia concentrations of 10-100 ppm. In humid environments, CSNF sensors outperformed membrane sensors, exhibiting a tenfold increase in performance at 51% relative humidity (RH). This study highlights the potential of CSNF sensors for practical ammonia detection, maintaining a high performance under varying humidity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengjie Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yinhui Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tongtong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dajing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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2
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Tang C, Wang H, Dou Y, Lai P. Meshed, Flexible, and Self-Supported Humidity Sensors by Direct-Writing with Multifunctional Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33261-33269. [PMID: 39100349 PMCID: PMC11292840 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Flexibility endows humidity sensors with new applications in human health monitoring except for traditionally known environmental humidity detection in recent years. In this study, a flexible, mesh-structured, and self-supported humidity sensor was designed and manufactured by direct writing in a homemade two-dimensional stepping numerical control workstation. Bacterial cellulose with humidity sensitivity and good film-forming properties was applied as the self-supporting substrate, in which conductive activated carbon and water-absorptive magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were incorporated. The humidity sensing performance of the printed sensor was measured and optimized. Besides, the fundamental insight into the sensing mechanism of the printed humidity sensor was analyzed by a complex impedance spectrum. The multifunctional applications of the self-supported humidity sensor were demonstrated by human breathing detection, noncontact distance sensing, and speaking recognition. The simple self-supported structure combined with the meshed attribute of the flexible sensor showed large use potential in real-time monitoring of human respiration, voice detection, environmental humidity monitoring, and noncontact switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Tang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Zhejiang
Zhongda Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314312, China
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhao Dou
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Puguo Lai
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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3
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Çatoğlu F, Altınışık S, Koyuncu S. Comparative Study of Electrochromic Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on PEDOT:PSS/ITO Fabricated via Spray and Electrospray Methods. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32107-32115. [PMID: 39072065 PMCID: PMC11270695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PEDOT PSS stands out as a leading commercial conducting polymer due to its excellent water dispersibility, controllable miscibility, adjustable conductivity, and ability to form films through various techniques. This study investigates the electrochemical and electrochromic performance of electrodes prepared by depositing PEDOT:PSS onto ITO surfaces by using two distinct methods: conventional spray coating and electrospray deposition. Detailed characterization of the prepared electrodes was performed by using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Our findings reveal that electrodes fabricated via electrospray deposition (PEDOT:PSS/ITO electrode_2) significantly outperform those made by spray coating (PEDOT:PSS/ITO electrode_1). Specifically, electrode_2 exhibits a capacitance of 1678.60 μF cm-2, compared to 826.14 μF cm-2 for electrode_1, at a current density of 10 μA cm-2. PEDOT PSS electrodes exhibit areal energy densities of 0.41 and 0.84 mW h cm-2, along with power densities of 4.96 and 4.97 μW cm-2, respectively. Moreover, electrode_2 demonstrates a high coloration efficiency of 84.32 cm2 C-1 and fast response times of 1.36 s for coloration and 0.98 s for bleaching. This study highlights the advantages of electrospray deposition over traditional methods, showcasing the potential of electrospray-prepared PEDOT:PSS electrodes for use in multifunctional energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahri Çatoğlu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz
Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Türkiye
- Department
of Energy Resources and Management, Canakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Türkiye
| | - Sinem Altınışık
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz
Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Türkiye
- Department
of Energy Resources and Management, Canakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Türkiye
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz
Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Türkiye
- Department
of Energy Resources and Management, Canakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Türkiye
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4
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Rath RJ, Herrington JO, Adeel M, Güder F, Dehghani F, Farajikhah S. Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116100. [PMID: 38364327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Invasive methods such as blood collection and biopsy are commonly used for testing liver and kidney function, which are painful, time-consuming, require trained personnel, and may not be easily accessible to people for their routine checkup. Early diagnosis of liver and kidney diseases can prevent severe symptoms and ensure better management of these patients. Emerging approaches such as breath and sweat analysis have shown potential as non-invasive methods for disease diagnosis. Among the many markers, ammonia is often used as a biomarker for the monitoring of liver and kidney functions. In this review we provide an insight into the production and expulsion of ammonia gas in the human body, the different diseases that could potentially use ammonia as biomarker and analytical devices such as chemiresistive gas sensors for non-invasive monitoring of this gas. The review also provides an understanding into the different materials, doping agents and substrates used to develop such multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and the possible future trends have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronil J Rath
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack O Herrington
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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5
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Tian X, Wang S, Yao B, Wang Z, Chen T, Xiao X, Wang Y. Edge sulfur vacancies riched MoS 2 nanosheets assist PEDOT:PSS flexible film ammonia sensing enhancement for wireless greenhouse vegetables monitoring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133195. [PMID: 38113740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising NH3 sensing material owing to its super high electrical conductivity, excellent environmental stability, and reversible doping/dedoping nature. However, the low sensitivity and sluggish recovery rate limit its further application in gas sensors. Herein, exfoliated layered MoS2 nanosheets with large-specific surface area and abundant edge sulfur (S) vacancies are utilized to assist PEDOT:PSS and achieve ideal improvement in NH3 sensing performance at room temperature (RT), including high response values, fast response/recovery ability, and excellent sensing stability in complex environment. MoS2 nanosheets are combined with PEDOT:PSS to construct p-n heterojunction, the S vacancies can improve carrier transfer rate and serve as conductive bridge, effective active sites for NH3 adsorption, this series of performance improvement strategies is the significance of this work. Meanwhile, the density-functional theory (DFT), current-voltage (I-V), and in-situ FITR are firstly employed to discuss the sensing mechanisms in detail. Furthermore, integrating MoS2/PEDOT:PSS flexible sensor into a designed printed circuit board to intelligent, visual, and wireless real-time monitoring the NH3 resistance information in a simulated greenhouse vegetables equipment through the smartphone APP has also been successfully implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tian
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, 6500504 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanli Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, 6500504 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, 6500504 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhezhe Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, 6500504 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Materials Science & Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Xiao
- Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, 6500504 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yude Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, 6500504 Kunming, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, 650504 Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhang H, Chen X, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu W, Qi M, Zhang D. PDMS Film-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor Array with Surface Protruding Structure for Human Motion Detection and Wrist Posture Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2554-2563. [PMID: 38166372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have been widely concerned because of their great application potential in the fields of electronic skin, human-computer interaction, health detection, and so on. In this paper, a flexible pressure sensor is designed, with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with protruding structure as elastic substrate and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as conductive-sensitive material. The flexible pressure sensor has a wide linear detection range (0-100 kPa), outstanding sensitivity (2.32 kPa-1), and stability of more than 2000 cycles. The sensor has been proven to be able to detect a wide range of human movements (finger bending, elbow bending, etc.) and small movements (breathing, pulse, etc.). In addition, the pressure sensor array can detect the pressure distribution and judge the shape of the object. A smart wristband equipped with four flexible pressure sensors is designed. Among them, the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify sensor data to achieve high accuracy (99.52%) recognition of seven kinds of wrist posture. This work provides a new opportunity to fabricate simple, flexible pressure sensors with potential applications in the next-generation electronic skin, health detection, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yan Liu
- China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mingyu Qi
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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7
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Zhou Y, Zhang R, She X, Li J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xie L, Zou C, Li X. Alkalized Cellulose Nanofiber-Interweaved PEDOT:PSS Thin-Film Sensors via Layer-by-Layer Spraying Assembly for Ultrafast Molecular Ammonia Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53802-53814. [PMID: 37934236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
As a typical representative of conductive polymers (CPs), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is intensively employed for chemiresistive ammonia (NH3) sensing on account of its favorable aqueous solubility, benign environmental stability, and outstanding room-temperature conductivity; however, it is severely plagued by low sensitivity and sluggish reaction kinetics. To circumvent these limitations, the guest-alkalized cellulose nanofibers (AC) were introduced into the host PEDOT:PSS matrix by the layer-by-layer spraying assembly method (LBLSA) in this work. The componential proportion-optimized PEDOT:PSS/AC/PEDOT:PSS (P/AC/P) sensor delivered a large sensitivity of 20.2%/ppm within 0.1-3 ppm of NH3 at 21 °C@26% RH, an experimental limit of detection (LoD) as low as 30 ppb, a high response of 18.1%, and a short response/recovery times (4.8/4.0 s) toward 1 ppm of NH3, which ranked among the best cases thus far. Also, excellent repeatability and long-term stability and selectivity were demonstrated. Meanwhile, the flexible P/AC/P sensors worked well under various bending angles and bending times. This work combines a green material system and a facile film deposition method to overcome the liquid dispersion incompatibility when preparing a multicomponent mixture for swift trace NH3 detection. The universality and extensibility of this methodology endow a broad prospect in the field of future wearable optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng She
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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8
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Rossignatti BC, Vieira AP, Barbosa MS, Abegão LMG, Mello HJNPD. Thin Films of Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposites with CeO 2 and WO 3 Metal Oxides Applied to the Impedimetric and Capacitive Transducer Stages in Chemical Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030578. [PMID: 36771879 PMCID: PMC9920537 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a recognized need for the development of cost-effective, stable, fast, and optimized novel materials for technological applications. Substantial research has been undertaken on the role of polymeric nanocomposites in sensing applications. However, the use of PANI-based nanocomposites in impedimetric and capacitive electrochemical sensors has yet to be understood. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the sensitivity and linearity of electrochemical pH sensors and the composition of nanocomposites. Thin films of PANI/CeO2 and PANI/WO3 were deposited via spin coating for characterization and application during the electrochemical impedance and capacitance spectroscopy (EIS and ECS) transduction stages. The findings showed that the optimized performance of the devices was extended not only to the sensitivity but also to the linearity. An increase of 213% in the ECS sensitivity of the PANI/CeO2 compared to the metal oxide and an increase of 64% in the ECS linearity of the PANI/WO3 compared to the polymeric sensitivity were reported. This study identified the structure-property relationship of nanocomposite thin films of PANI with metal oxides for use in electrochemical sensors. The developed materials could be applied in devices to be used in different fields, such as food, environment, and biomedical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Portes Vieira
- Physics Institute, Goiás Federal University, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia 74001-970, GO, Brazil
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9
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Li J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zou C, Zhou Y. Mesoporous WS 2-Decorated Cellulose Nanofiber-Templated CuO Heterostructures for High-Performance Chemiresistive Hydrogen Sulfide Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16160-16170. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing401331, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, People’s Republic of China
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